암모니아 처리 볏짚 급여에 의한 육성비육우의 증체시험과 경제성 분석

맹원재,정태영,장문백 정승헌 ( W . J . Maeng,T . Y . Chung,M . B . Chang,S . H . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.7

Air dry rice straw was treated with 3% anhydrous ammonia and aqueous ammonia (ammonia weight basis) in a stack during winter from October to January and feeding trials were conducted with 18 growing Holstein bulls weighing average of 231 Kg for 90 days. Treatment expenses per Kg rice straw with 3% anhydrous ammonia and 3% aqueous ammonia were 18.45 won and 28.28 won, respectively including ammonia cost, vinyl cost and labor expenses, thus, rice straw cost per Kg were 67 won for untreated straw and 85.45 and 95.28 won for anhydrous and aqueous ammonia treatment. Crude protein content of untreated rice straw was 4.2% and increased 2.2-2.4 times, and NDF & ADF content were decreased 6.5% & 5.6%, respectively sifter ammonia treatment. Rice straw intake by growing Holstein bulls, was increased 28.4% in anhydrous ammonia treated group and 43.3% in aqueous ammonia treated group and daily gains were increased 20.8% and 29.9%, respectively over untreated rice straw group. Feed conversions were 7.68 Kg/Kg gain in untreated rice straw groups and 6.95 and 6.89 Kg in anhydrous and aqueous ammonia treated groups, which ware improved 9.5% and 10.3%, respectively. Feed cost per Kg gain was 1267.91 won in untreated rice straw groups and 1,177.63 won and 1,151.57 won in anhydrous and aqueous ammonia treated rice straw groups, and feed cost reduction per Kg gain were 7.1% and 9.2% in anhydrous and aqueous ammonia treated rice straw groups, respectively.

사료자원 개발에 관한 연구 1 . 보리짚의 사료가치개선

맹원재,윤광로,신형태 ( Won J . Maeng,Kwang R . Yun,Hyung T . Shin ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The most effective chemicals on a weight basis in increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility of barley straw were NaOH followed by KOH and N₂CO₃, and Ca(OH)₂ or NH₄OH was least effective. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of barley straw increased with increasing concentration of chemicals, but the response of Ca(OH)₂ and NH₄OH treatment were very small extent. Increasing temperature increased significantly the digestibility of barley straw except Ca(OH)₂ which slightly decreased the digestibility of barley straw. The solubility of barley straw increased and cell wall constituent of barley straw decreased by increasing concentration of NaOH, but acid detergent fiber, cellulose and lignin content of barley straw were not changed The moisture content of barley straw which was treated with 5 % NaOH markedly influenced on the solubility and digestibility of barley straw. The solubility and in vitro dry matter digestibility of barley straw increased by increasing moisture content.

조사료의 발효율 및 발효속도 측정 1 . 볏짚

맹원재,최일,양양한 ( Won J . Maeng,Il Choi,Yang H . Yang ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Rates and extents of fermentation and potentially digestible dry matter, cell wall constituents(CWC), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose of rice straw(Suweon 264) were determined in vitro, Potentially digestible dry matter(PDDM), Potentially digestible CWC(PDCWC), Potentially digestible ADF (PDADF) and potentially digestible cellulose (PDcellulose) of rice straw were 54.2%, 46.5%, 46.5% and 51.8%, respectively. Fermentation rate constants and fermention time of dry matter, CWC, ADF and cellulose of rice straw were 0.0075 hr^(-1), 0.0082hr^(-1) and 0.0096 hr^(-1) and 134 hr, 122 hr, 126 hr and 105 hr, respectively, Fermentation rate constants and fermentation time of PDDM, PDCWC, PDADF and PDcellulcose of rice straw were 0.0293 hr^(-1), 0.0348hr^(-1), 0.0336 hr^(-1) and 34 hr, 29 hr, 30 hr and 28 hr, respectively.

암모니아 처리가 면양에 의한 볏짚의 소화율과 섭취량 그리고 반추위내 암모니아 농도 및 혈액중 요소농도변화에 미치는 영향

맹원재,정태영,박호성,조남기,김원,이민재 ( W . J . Maeng,T . Y . Chung,H . S . Park,N . K . Cho,W . Kim,M . J . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.7

Air dry rice straw was treated with 3%o anhydrous ammonia in wire mesh silo and stack and 3% aqueous ammonia in stack for 89 days from October 21 to January 18 and metabolism trial was conducted with 4 fistulated sheep in 4 × 4 Latin square design. Rice straw was sole feed with vitamin and minerals and water offered ad libitum. Crude protein was 4.2% in untreated rice straw and increased 2.2-2.4 times after ammonia treatment (p$lt;0.01), and cell wall constituents and acid detergent fiber of ammonia treated rice straw were decreased 5.96.5% and 5.8-6.3%, respectively, compared with untreated rice straw (p$lt;0.01). Dry matter digestibility was 44.0% in untreated rice straw and 53.5-54.8% in ammonia treated rice straw (p$lt;0.05), which were increased 22-25% as compared with untreated rice straw. Dry matter intake and digestible dry mattc;r intake of ammonia treated rice straw were increased 22-36% and 48-70%, respectively over untreated rice straw (p$lt;0.05). Ammonia-N in rumen was ranged 0.8-2.8 ㎎ per 100㎖ rumen fluid in untreated rice straw and 4.0-18.1㎎ in ammonia treated rice straw. The highest value of blood urea-N per 100m1 of blood was 15㎎ in untreated rice straw and 21-26㎎ in ammonia treated rice straw.

조사료의 발효율 및 발효속도측정 2 . 보리짚

맹원재,양양한,최일 ( Won J . Maeng,Yang H . Yang,Il Choi ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

In vitro fermentation characteristics such as rates and extents of total and potentially digestible dry matter, cell wall constituents (CWCO), acid detergent fiber(ADF) and cellulose were determined for barley straw which were incubated for 6, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 144 hours at 39℃ in water bath. Potentially digestible dry matter (PDDM), potentially digestible CWC (PDCWC), potentially digestible ADF(PDADF) and potentially digestible cellulose (9PDcellulose) of barley straw were 59.2%, 55.3%, 46.5% and 59.6%, respectively, which were calculated by differences from indigestible residues remaining after 144 hours incubation. Fermentation rate constants and fermentation time of dry matter, CWC, ADF and cellulose of barley straw were 0.00912hr^(-1), 0.00888hr^(-1), 0.00715hr^(-1), and 0.01218hr^(-1), and 109.7hr, 112.6hr, 139.9 hr and 82.10hr, respectively. Fermentation rate constants and fermentation time of PDDM, PDCWC, PD ADF and PDcellulose of barley straw were 0.03117hr^(-1), 0.02643hr^(-1), 0.03020 hr^(-1) and 0,04630hr^(-1), and 32.1hr, 37.8hr, 33.1hr and 21.6hr, respectively.

볏짚의 사료가치 개선에 관한 연구 1 . 알칼리 처리가 통일볏짚의 화학적 성분과 In vitro 소화율에 미치는 영향

맹원재,오세정,채병익 ( Won J . Maeng,Se J . Oh,Pyeong I . Choe ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.4

The amount of cell wall constituent and hemicellulose of Indica type rice straw continually decreased with increasing level of NaOH treatment and the extent of decrease was considerably higher at 100℃ for 1 hour treatment as compared with at room temperature for 24 hours treatment. Acid detergent fiber and cellulose decreased slightly with increasing level of NaOH and were no difference between both treatment temperatures. However, both NaOH concentration and treatment temperature did not influence the lignin content of rice straw. Dry matter and cellulose digestibilities of rice straw markedly increased with increasing level of NaOH treatment and the extent of increase was much higher at 100℃ for 1 hour treatment than at room temperature for 24 hours treatment. Dry matter digestibility of untreated rice straw was about 51%, and of treated straw with 4, 8 and 12% NaOH were 59, 71 and 76% at room temperature for 24 hours and 67, 79 and 81% at 100℃ for 1 hour treatment, respectively. Cellulose digestibility of untreated rice straw was about 47%. However, cellulose digestibilities of treated straw with 4, 8 and 12% NaOH were 59, 69 and 78% at room temperature for 24 hours treatment and 72, 85 and 86% at 100℃ for 1 hour treatment, respectively.

볏짚의 사료가치 개선에 관한 연구 2 . 옥수수 및 요소 첨가수준과 Retention time 이 볏짚의 In Vitro 소화율에 미치는 영향

맹원재,오세정,최일,양양한 ( Won J . Maeng,Se J . Oh,Il Choi,Yang H . Yang ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Effects of different levels of corn and urea addition and retention time on the digestibility of rice straw (Mil Yang 23) were estimated in vitro. The optimum ratio of rice straw to corn for the highest dry matter digestibility of rice straw was 50% rice straw and 50% corn, and cellulose digestibility of rice straw was increased by increasing levels of corn in the incubation medium. Dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose digestibilities of rice straw were highest when 0.5% urea on the dry matter basis of rice straw was added. Dry matter digestibility of rice straw was 13.3% when retention time was 24hours and was 24.6% and 35.1% when retention time was 48 hours and 72 hours which were 85% and 164% increases as compared with 24 hours. Digestibilities of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose of rice straw were increased as increasing retention time as dry matter digestibility. Total amount of rice straw dry matter digested for a day was decreased 7.5% and 12.5%, respectively, when retention time was increased to 48 hours and 72 hours from 24 hours. But total amount of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and cellulose digested for a day were increased 10.0%, 11.1% and 2.9% when retention time was 48 hours, and 12.5%, 44.4% and 38.2%, respectively, when retention time was 72 hours as compared with 24 hours.

조사료의 발효율 및 발효속도 측정 4 . 알팔파와 오차드 그라스

맹원재,정태영 ( Won J . Maeng,Tae Y . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1981 한국축산학회지 Vol.23 No.6

Chemical composition and it`s influences on the potentially digestible fractions and fermentation rates of alfalfa and orchardgrass were estimated in in vitro method. Alfalfa and orchardgrass were harvested at early bloom and late vegetative stages, respectively. Alfalfa had lower cell wall constituents (CWC) and higher lignin content than orchardgrass, and lignin and cellulose ratios were 0.26 in alfalfa and 0.13 in orchardgrass. Potentially digestible dry matter, cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and cellulose were 57.3%, 37.4%, 41.6% and 63.59% in alfalfa and 73.1%, 59.9%, 61.5% and 86.6%, respectively in orchardgrass. Fermentation rates per hour (0-72 hour) of dry matter, CWC, ADF and cellulose were 0.66%, 0.70%, 0.59% and 1.17% in alfalfa and 1.21%, 0.90%, 1.00% and 2.21 % in orchardgrass, respectively, which were much higher in orchardgrass, but the potentially digestible fractions were ranged from 4.32% to 5.30% in alfalfa and from 3.21% to 4.39% in orchardgrass, which were higher in alfalfa.

볏짚의 품종별 사료가치 비교

맹원재,양양한,최일 ( Won J . Maeng,Yang H . Yang,Il Choi ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.6

Chemical compositions and in vitro digestibilities were estimated to evaluate the nutritive values of the different varieties of rice straws, The rice varieties used in this study were the Indica x Japonica breeding lines, Suweon 264 and Milyang 23, and Japonica, Jinheung, The heights of Milyang 23, Jinheung and Suweon 264 were 98㎝, 95㎝ and 70.4㎝, respectively, and the proportions of grain and straw were 53.8% and 46.2% of the total rice plant on a dry matter basis, Leaf blade, leaf sheath and stem were 29.6%, 36.4% and 33.9%, respectively, of the total rice straw on a dry matter basis, Crude protein and cell content were slightly higher and cell well constituents, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and lignin contents were slightly lower in Suweon 264 as compared with Jinheung and Milyang 23, but there were no differences between Jinheung and Milyang 23. Leaf sheath contained the highest amounts of cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber and cellulose followed by leaf blade and stem. In vitro dry matter, cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber andcellulose digestibilities of rice straw were the highest in Suweon 264 followed by Jnheung, and Milyang 23 was the least. In vitro dry matter, cell wall constituents, acid detergent fiber and cellulose digestibilities were the highest in stem and there were no differences between leaf sheath awe leaf blade.

사료자원 개발에 관한 연구 2 . 옥수수대 , 우분의 사료가치개선

맹원재,윤광로 ( Won J . Maeng,Kwang R . Yun ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The most effective alkali on a weight basis in increasing in vitro dry matter digestibility of corn stover was NaOH followed by KOH, but Ca(OH)₂ and NH₄OH were not effective. The in vitro digestibility of corn stover progressively increased with increasing concentration of NaOH and KOH, but Ca(OH)₂ and NH₄OH did not enhance the digestibility of corn stover by increasing concentration. By increasing the treatment temperature NaOH significantly increased and Ca(OH)₂ significantly decreased the digestibility of corn stover, but KOH and NH₄OH were not significantly different. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of cow manure also markedly increased by increasing concentration of NaOH and the response was greater at 100℃ for 1 hour treatment than at 23℃ for 24 hour treatment.