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국가연구개발 사업비 집행의 투명성 확보를 위한 제재조치(환수, 참여제한)에 관한 연구
노상균(Sang-Kyun Noh) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8
정부 연구개발사업은 미래지향적 성장동력창출, 예산확대 등 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 R&D의 효율성 · 투자방향 · 전략등 패러다임 전환을 통해 구체적으로 미래 비전을 제시하고 있다. 반면에 제재조치에 대한 연구와 관심은 저조함으로 본 논고를 통해 법적근거, 법령 비교분석, 국외사례 등을 검토해 국내에 적용하는 시사점을 도출하고 연구자들의 이해를 도와 실무에 활용하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 또한 제도시행을 알지 못하거나, 소홀함으로 겪는 피해를 사전에 방지하는 효과 및 연구비 집행의 투명성 제고에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 정부R&D의 특성과 제재조치에 대한 기준을 중소기업관련 R&D 투자 상위 3개 부처의 제재조치를 비교 · 분석하는 방식으로 수행되었다. 우리나라는 2001년 제재조치 도입을 시작으로 누적위반 중과제, 참여제한 기간의 확대, 삼진아웃제도의 도입 등을 통해 연구개발의 도덕적 해이를 방지하고, 재정 건전화를 위한 방향으로 강력히 추진하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 사업비 부정사용은 지속적으로 적발되고 있다. 따라서 강력한 제도보다는 연구자율을 최대한 보장하고, 책임이 강화될 수 있도록 연구수행 주체자 들의 투명한 사업비 집행 의지, 공공재원에 대한 도덕적 접근, 기술개발에 대한 사명감 등 인식전환의 선행이 중요하다. As government research and development projects become more important, such as the creation of future-oriented growth engines and expansion of budgets, the future vision of R&D is presented through paradigm shifts such as efficiency, investment direction and strategy. On the other hand, research and interest in sanctions are poor, and this paper examines legal grounds, comparative analysis of laws, and cases outside the country, draws implications for domestic applications, have. In addition, we will contribute to the prevention of damages caused by neglect, or the transparency of the execution of research funds. This study was conducted by comparing the characteristics of government R&D and sanctions with the sanctions for the top three R&D investment related SMEs. In Korea, starting with the introduction of sanctions in 2001, the moral hazard of research and development has been prevented through the cumulative violation of aggravation, expansion of the period of restriction of participation, and the introduction of a strikeout system. Nevertheless, fraudulent use of business expenses is constantly being detected. In order to ensure maximum autonomy and stronger responsibility than strong institutions, the willingness of the researchers to execute transparent business expenses, the moral approach to public resources, Precedence of recognition conversion is important.
노상균(Noh, Sang-gune) 한국역사연구회 2015 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.97
Liberalism was essentially a principle that was designed to battle premodern social norms, so it was a vital part of the modern society’s formation and development. In other words, it was a pivotal starting point for modern philosophies. And it played an important role in the modernization process of Korea as well. Since the opening of ports, through liberation from the Japanese imperial occupation, Koreans who lived through the modern and contemporary periods of Korean history, chose and embraced liberalism as an ideological platform for a modern state construction. Considering all that, determining the historical flow of liberalism in Korea would undoubtedly shed some light upon the task of determining what kind of process the Koreans took in their founding of modern states, as well as the nature of characteristics displayed along the way. Historical studies of the Koreans’ embracement of liberalism only began in the late 1990s, even though it was a very important theme in Korean modern and contemporary developments. Primarily examined were historical figures who were involved in the early enlightenment movements or the Independence Club, and mostly analyzed were liberal concepts such as ‘freedom,’ ‘individual,’ ‘(civil) rights,’ ‘political rights’ and ‘constitutionalism,’ in terms of how they were perceived by the Koreans at the time. Also examined were the political and social meaning of the Koreans’ acceptance of liberalism and the nature of such acceptance process. Impressive achievements were made in a rather short time, but considering the fact that previous studies concentrated upon determining what happened in the ‘embracement’ stage, how such efforts progressed, and what actually happened along the way, are yet to be examined. In order to overcome such problems, attempted in this article is an analysis of the process taken by Korean students, who were studying in Japan during the ending years of the Daehan imperial period, in their embracement of liberalism and how they actually viewed it. Also, a particular focus was placed upon the ‘dilemma’ that haunted all these students. At the time, the Daehan empire lost its sovereignty and became a protectorate, and was deprived by the Tonggam-bu office of all meaningful self-control. In the wake of such tragic events, intellectuals found themselves in a position which could force them to choose one goal to pursue between two very much important objectives: securing individual freedom from an oppressive premodern social structure, and securing the independence of the state from an imperialist invasion. That kind of dilemma started to tear themselves apart. Korea, which was the only state to suffer colonial occupation among all three Northeast Asian countries, had this unique problem that shaped Korean liberalism in a most peculiar way. The failures, frustrations and subsequent efforts of the Korean students who were studying in Japan at the end of the Daehan imperial period, who devised liberal reforms but were not able to maintain the spirit of it, and the public opinion that was vocally critical of such attempt, show us that Korean liberalism, entrenched in a colonized reality, was indeed starting to fracture. Their liberal suggestions were met with stark criticism because somewhere along the way it became clear that their suggestions would lead to Koreans’ assimilation into a structure of colonial ruling, and would force Koreans to steer away from their ultimate goal of liberating themselves from the clutches of Japanese imperialism. Initially they embraced liberalism as a method that would hopefully help them regain their country’s independence, but with their failure to explore other aspects of liberalism, the aspect that they did dig into actually ended up being abused as a theory that would justify their own cooperation and collaboration with Japanese authorities.