자폐스펙트럼장애의 조기선별에 대한 관련 분야 종사자의 인식 조사

선우현정(Hyun-Jung Sunwoo),노동현(Dong-Hyun Noh),김경미(Kyung Mee Kim),김주현(Joo-Hyun Kim),유희정(Hee Jeong Yoo) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2017 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the professional knowledge and perceptions of the early screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in practitioners who have contact with patients with ASD. Methods: A survey was carried out among 674 practitioners in total, where practitioners are defined as those who work at primary medical centers, public institutions, educational institutions and treatment institutions. The survey was carried out both online and offline, and it mainly focused on 1) knowledge about ASD symptoms, 2) knowledge about the early screening of ASD, 3) measures taken after ASD detection, 4) thoughts on the development of early screening tools for ASD, and 5) the current status of ASD treatment. The data collected were analyzed through descriptive statistics, analysis of frequency and cross tabulation analysis using SPSS WIN 22.0. Results: The results of this study suggest that the practitioners were not aware of the exact symptoms of ASD and their professional knowledge and the environment for early screening were insufficient. Furthermore, very few and inappropriate measures were taken after the detection of ASD. In addition, there was a high demand for early ASD screening tools to be used on site and, regarding treatment, the significance of the implementation of evidence based treatments as well as the continuity of relevant research came to the fore. Conclusion: It seems that there is a lack of knowledge and perception of the early screening of ASD and that education and training among practitioners is urgently required. This issue is discussed in more detail in the paper.

막걸리 발효 중 이소말토올리고당의 변화

노동현(Dong-Hyun Noh),정석태(Seok-Tae Jeong),박보람(Boram Park),김용석(Yong-suk Kim),임보라(Bora Lim) 한국식품과학회 2022 한국식품과학회지 Vol.54 No.3

막걸리 발효 양조에 사용되는 누룩의 종류는 발효 온도와 기간에 따라 다르며, 전분분해효소의 활성 차이로 막걸리 발효 중 생성되는 구성당의 조성 및 함량이 다르기 때문에 본 연구에서는 TG에 따라 이소말토올리고당이 어떻게 생성되며, 발효기간에 따라 생성되는 이소말토올리고당의 변화와 최대 함량 시기를 확인하고 막걸리의 이소말토올리고당 생성에 누룩 미생물이 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하였다. 소율누룩 막걸리(SH), 산성누룩 막걸리(SS), 진주누룩 막걸리(JJ) 모두 발효 0일차 이후 유기산의 생성으로 총산은 증가하고, pH는 감소하였다. 알코올은 모든 처리구에서 발효 2-5일차까지 급격하게 증가하였으며, 이후 15일차까지 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 알코올 생성에 영향을 미치는 glucose는 1일차 SS에서 14.3%로 SH와 JJ보다 높은 값이 측정되었는데, SH의 1.5%보다 9배 이상 높게 확인되었다. SH, SS, JJ는 발효 중 maltose와 maltotriose가 기질로 사용되어 panose가 증가하는 사실을 확인할 수 있었으며, panose의 생성과 동시에 isomaltose의 생성도 확인되었다. SH의 panose 함량은 6일차에 24.7mM로 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었으며, SS은 2일차에 18.2mM, JJ는 3일차에 10.8mM로 각각 최고 함량을 나타냈다. 누룩별 막걸리의 올리고당 함량을 보면 SH에서만 maltopentose가 검출되었으며, 발효 종료 15일차에는 말토올리고당과 이소말토올리고당이 확인되었지만 JJ에서는 isomaltotriose만 검출되었으며, SS에서는 올리고당이 나타나지 않았다. β-Amylase 활성을 분석한 결과 JJ의 효소활성이 1일차에 1.5unit/g으로 다른 두 개의 누룩 막걸리보다 높게 나타났으며 다음으로는 0.9 unit/g으로 SH, 0.7 unit/g SS의 순서로 나타났다. 이는 maltose의 1일차 함량과 같은 경향으로 측정되었다. 세 종류의 막걸리 발효 0일차 TG를 분석한 결과 SH에서 TG의 활성은 0.2unit/mL로 다른 누룩 막걸리보다 훨씬 높은 효소활성 값을 나타내고 있으며, SS는 0.1 unit/mL로 0.03 unit/mL의 JJ와 활성 차이를 보이며, 0일차 이후 SS이 감소하면서 JJ와 비슷한 수치를 유지하며 발효가 진행되었다. 발효 중 미생물의 생육유무에 따른 이소말토올리고당의 생성을 분석한 결과 미생물이 생성하는 TG 전이효소에 의해서 긴 사슬의 이소말토올리고당이 생성된다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 이소말토올리고당의 생성은 누룩 자체의 효소보다 막걸리 발효 중 생육하는 미생물의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 판단된다. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the isomaltooligosaccharides present during Makgeolli production according to the type of Nuruk used, fermentation period, and presence of microorganisms. Makgeolli was fermented for 15 days using three kinds of Nuruk (Soyul, Sansung, and Jinju) with and without microbial growth inhibitors. Isomaltooligosaccharide contents were analyzed using high performance anion exchange chromatography. The most abundant isomaltooligosaccharide was panose, which was highest in Makgeolli produced using Soyul Nuruk (SH) on day 6 (24.7 mM), followed by Makgeolli prepared using Sansung Nuruk (SS) on day 2 (18.2 mM) and Makgeolli prepared using Jinju Nuruk (JJ) on day 3 (10.8 mM). Isomaltotriose and isomaltotetraose, which were generated in the control, were not detected when microbial growth was suppressed. Based on these results, isomaltooligosaccharide production is affected more by the enzymes produced by microorganisms during Makgeolli fermentation than by Nuruk itself.

한국어판 사회적 의사소통 설문지 타당화 연구

김주현(Joo-Hyun Kim),선우현정(Hyun-Jung Sunwoo),박수빈(Su-Bin Park),노동현(Dong-Hyun Noh),정연경(Yeon Kyung Jung),조인희(In-Hee Cho),조수철(Soo-Churl Cho),김붕년(Bung-Nyun Kim),신민섭(Min-Sup Shin),김재원(Jae-Won Kim),박태원(Tae-Won P 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2015 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives:The purposes of this study were to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Social Communication Questionnaire (K-SCQ) and to determine cut-off scores for diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods:A total of 166 subjects with ASD and their 186 unaffected siblings were recruited through child psychiatry clinics of university hospitals. Board certified child psychiatrists screened all probands suspected to have ASD based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition. To confirm the diagnoses, the Korean versions of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (K-ADI-R) were administered to all the subjects. All parents completed the K-SCQ and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The non-ASD siblings were evaluated with the same instruments as the probands with ASD. We performed a factor analysis to examine the structure of K-SCQ. For testing the validity of K-SCQ, we compared the difference in Lifetime and Current scores of probands with ASD and their non-ASD siblings using t-test and analysis of covariance. Correlations between the K-SCQ and other measurements of ASD symptomatology, including K-ADI-R totals and domain scores and SRS, were examined. Receiver operation characteristic curve analysis was performed to extract cutoff scores discriminating affection status. Results:Four factors were extracted through factor analysis of K-SCQ ; 1) social relation and play, 2) stereotyped behavior, 3) social behavior, and 4) abnormal language. Cronbach’s internal consistency was .95 in K-SCQ Lifetime, and .93 in K-SCQ Current. There were significant differences in total score of K-SCQ, both in Lifetime and Current between the ASD group and non-ASD siblings group (p<.05). K-SCQ scores were significantly correlated with K-ADI-R subdomain scores and SRS total scores (p<.05). The best-estimate cut-off scores of K-SCQ for diagnosis of ASD were 12 for 48 months and over, and 10 for below 47 months. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the K-SCQ is a reliable and valid instrument for screening autistic symptoms in the Korean population. Lower cut-off scores than the original English version might be considered when using it as a screening instrument of ASD.

폴리에틸렌글리콜의 분자량이 공중합 폴리에스터의 열적 특성 및 알칼리 가수분해에 미치는 영향

김영준,지민호,이은희,최진욱,노동현,노환권,백두현,Kim, Young-June,Jee, Min-Ho,Lee, Eun-Hee,Choi, Jin-Uk,Noh, Dong-Hyun,Rho, Hwan-Kwon,Baik, Doo-Hyun 한국섬유공학회 2012 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.49 No.1

Copolyesters containing sodium sulfonate group and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized with various molecular weight of PEG. The selected molecular weights of PEG were 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, and 16000. The thermal properties and the crystallization behaviors of the copolyesters were investigated by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Alkaline hydrolysis of the copolyesters was studied as a function of the treatment time. The melting temperatures and the heats of fusion of the copolyesters increased with an increase in the PEG molecular weight, while the weight reduction rate of copolyesters in an alkaline solution decreased with an increase in the PEG molecular weight. At the same PEG content in copolyesters, hard segment length increases with the PEG molecular weight, which was thought to be the most important factor that determines the thermal properties and the alkaline hydrolysis behavior.

RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 MAPKs 신호 전달 경로의 활성화를 통한 침향의 면역 자극 활성

지선영(Seon Yeong Ji),황보현(Hyun Hwangbo),이혜숙(Hyesook Lee),구영태(Young Tae Koo),김진수(Jin Soo Kim),이기원(Ki Won Lee),노동진(Dong Jin Noh),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi) 한국생명과학회 2021 생명과학회지 Vol.31 No.8

면역 기능의 저하는 각종 감염에 대한 저항력의 부족을 초래하여 다양한 질병 유발에 기여하며, 면역 억제제의 부작용을 감소시키거나 면역력을 높이기 위해 면역 조절 생체 물질이 사용되고 있다. 침향은 침향나무의 방향족 수지 부분이며 전통적으로 다양한 질병을 치료하기 위한 목적으로 사용되어왔다. 비록 선행 연구들에 의하여 침향이 신체의 면역력을 향상시킬 수 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌지만 이에 대한 근거는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 인도네시아에서 구입한 A. malaccensisd 침향 메탄올 추출물의 면역 자극 효과를 RAW 264.7 대식세포 모델에서 평가하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 침향 추출물은 세포 독성이 없는 조건에서 식작용을 현저하게 향상시켰으며다. 또한 침향 추출물 처리된 RAW 264.7 세포는 활성화된 대식세포의 전형적인 형태를 보였으며, iNOS 발현 증가에 따른 NO 생성의 생성을 크게 증가시켰다. 아울러 TNF-α, IL-1β 및 IL-6과 같은 cytokine의 발현과 분비를 증가시켰으며, MAPKs 신호 전달 경로를 활성화시켰다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 고대 서적을 기반으로 침향의 효과를 확인하는 데 중요한 의미가 있으며, 침향이 잠재적인 면역 강화 효과가 있다는 근거를 제시하는 것이다. Deterioration of the immune function weakens the body’s resistance to various infections, leading to a series of diseases. Immunomodulatory biomaterials have been used to reduce the side effects of immunosuppressants or to enhance immunity. Agarwood is the aromatic resinous portion of Aquilaria trees that has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for the treatment of various diseases. Although previous studies have shown that agarwood can improve the body’s immunity, evidence for this claim is still lacking. In this study, the immune-enhancing effects of the agarwood methanol extracts of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk were evaluated in a RAW 264.7 macrophage model. Based on the results, the agarwood extracts markedly enhanced phagocytosis in the absence of cytotoxicity. The agarwood extract-treated RAW 264.7 cells exhibited the typical morphology of activated macrophages, which are spindle-shaped with elongated filopodia. Agarwood extract also significantly increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), which is associated with the increased expression of inducible NO synthase. Moreover, the secretion and expression levels of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were increased by agarwood treatment. Notably, these are also associated with a mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide scientific evidence that agarwood has potential immune-enhancing effects in vitro.

폴리에틸렌옥사이드 수용액의 동적 점탄성

송기원(Ki Won Song),배준웅(Jun Woong Bae),장갑식(Gap Shik Chang),노동현(Dong Hyun Noh),박영훈(Yung Hoon Park),이치호(Chi Ho Lee) 한국약제학회 1999 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.29 No.4

Using a Rheometrics Fluids Spectrometer (RFS II), the dynamic viscoelastic properties of aqueous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solutions in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow fields have been measured over a wide range of angular frequencies. The angular frequency dependence of the storage and loss moduli at various molecular weights and concentrations was reported in detail, and the result was interpreted using the concept of a Deborah number De. In addition, the experimentally determined critical angular frequency at which the storage and loss moduli become equivalent was compared with the calculated characteristic time (or its inverse value), and their physical significance in analyzing the dynamic viscoelastic behavior was discussed. Finally, the relationship between steady shear flow and dynamic viscoelstic properties was examined by evaluating the applicability of some proposed models that describe the correlations between steady flow viscosity and dynamic viscosity, dynamic fluidity, and complex viscosity. Main results obtained from this study can be summarized as follows : (1) At lower angular frequencies where De<1, the loss modulus is larger than the storage modulus. However, such a relation between the two moduli is reversed at higher angular frequencies where De>1, indicating that the elastic behavior becomes dominant to the viscous behavior at frequency range higher than a critical angular-frequency. (2) A critical angular frequency is decreased as an increase in concentration and/or molecular weight. Both the viscous and elastic properties show a stronger dependence on the molecular weight than on the concentration. (3) A characteristic time is increased with increasing concentration and/or molecular weight. The power-law relationship holds between the inverse value of a characteristic time and a critical angular frequency. (4) Among the previously proposed models, the Cox-Merz rule implying the equivalence between the steady flow viscosity and the magnitude of the complex viscosity has the best validity. The Osaki relation can be regarded to some extent as a suitable model. However, the DeWitt, Pao and Huseby-Blyler models are not applicable to describe the correlations between steady shear flow and dynamic viscoelastic properties.