Steroid hormone intervenes in the endometrial tumorigenesis of Pten ablation

김홍임,김태훈,임정묵,정재욱 대한암예방학회 2013 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.18 No.4

Endometrial cancer, the most common gynecological cancer, is closely associated with endometrial hyperplasia, unopposed estrogen exposure, and genetic alterations. Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor genes completely lost or mutated in >50% of primary endometrioid endometrial cancers. Estrogen-dependent endometrioid carcinoma is the most common type of endometrial cancer. Progesterone is a hormone that antagonizes the growth-promoting properties of estrogen in the uterus. Progestin is used as a conservative endocrine treatment of early endometrial cancer in order to preserve fertility as well as a palliative measure for advanced-stage patients. Progesterone therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing endometrial cancer as well as controlling growth of the endometrium. However, the effectiveness of progestin for women with endometrial cancer is less clear. In order to understand the effect of steroid hormone on endometrial cancer progression, we used a mouse endometrial cancer model with conditional loss of Pten in the mouse uterus (PRcre/+Ptenf/f, Ptend/d). To assess the effect of steroid hormones, ovariectomized Ptenf/f and Ptend/d mice were treated with estrogen or progesterone over a period of three month. Uterine weight gain was significantly decreased in ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/f mice compared to intact PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice. Ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 or vehicle also exhibited decreased uterine cancer size compared with intact PRcre/+Ptenf/f mice. Proliferation of ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 is highly decreased compared to other groups. The levels of stromal progesterone receptor were highly increased in ovariectomized PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice treated with P4 which resulted in decreased epithelial proliferation. Therefore, these results suggest that P4 treatment significantly reduces tumor mass but does not affect cancer progression in PRcre/+Ptenf/fmice.

충북대학교 교양교육 개선방안 연구

김홍은, 홍성선, 박주현 忠北大學校 學生生活硏究所 1985 學生生活硏究 Vol.9 No.-

본문참고

주변부 고립결절성 폐암의 전산화단층촬영 소견

김홍,김옥배,우성구,서수지,김성수,Kim, Hong,Kim, Ok-Bae,Woo, Seong-Ku,Suh, Soo-Jhi,Kim, Sung-Soo 대한영상의학회 1985 대한영상의학회지 Vol.21 No.5

It is diffidult to distinguish benign from malignant, ulmonary nodule by conventional roentgenologic examination. But CT makes it easier to evaluate adjacent parenchymal invasion, pleural or mediastinal extension, or early metastasis to intra- or extrathoracic lymph node as well s distant organs, although only a solitary peripheral pulmonary nodule is seen on plain radiograph. Authors reviewed CT of 22 cases of histopathologically confirmed primary lung cancer seen as a solitary peripheral pulmonary mass from May 1980 to September 1984 at Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University. The results are as follows: 1. The incedence was most common in the 6th decade(36%). Male to female ratio was 10:1 and 2 females all had bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma. 2. The distributions of histologic cell type were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma 40%, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma and unclassified carcinoma 14% in each cases, and adenoid cystic c rcinoma 4%. 3. The computed tomographic findings were as follows: a) Superior and posterior basal segments of both lower lobes were most frequently involved(68%). b) The mean diameter of the mass was 48mm, and most common in the range of 30-49mm in the greatest dimension(46%). c) The mean CT attenuation value was 57 H.U., and most common in the group of 41-70 H.U.(64%). d) Lymph node metastasis was found in 13(59%) of 22 cases, and the involved nodes were as follows: hilar nodes 10 cases, paratracheal nodes 8 cases, subcarinal nodes 7 cases and extrathoracic nodes 3 cases. In 2 of 3 cases with small cell carcinoma, diffuse multiple lymph nodes were involved. e) Distant metastasis was seen relatively early in 3 cases: cerebral metastasis in 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma, right adrenal metastasis without intrathoracic lymph node metastasis or invasion of adjacent structures in 1 case of bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, and liver and bone metastases in 1 case of unclassified carci oma. f) Adjacent pleural or mediastinal invasion was found in 7 cases(32%): pleural invasion alsong chest wall in 4 cases, and invasion of adjacent mediastinal pleura in 3 caes of 2 squmous cell carcinoma and 1 unclassified carcinoma. g) Calcifications within the mass were found in 5 caes(23%), and most common in squamous cell carcinoma(3 caes). In all cases, a few granular calcifications were seen along the peripheral margin of the mass. h) Tumor necrosis was seen in 4 cases(18%), and 3 cases were squamous cell carcinoma, and one of them showed irregular central cavitation. i) The margins of tumor were irregularly lobulated with radiating spiculations in all except one of adenoid cystic carcinoma, which revealed oval shaped, smooth clear margin. j) In 9(41%) of 22 cases, some enlargement of pulmonary vessels with perivascular linear infiltrations were found in the adjacent lung parenchymes of the mass, which were thought to be retrograde perivascular lymphangitic spread along pulmon ry vessels.

訴訟法上 和解

金弘毅 成均館大學校 法政大學 法律學會 1966 成均法學 Vol.11 No.1

조나단 에드워즈와 제1차 영적 대각성

김홍만 안양대학교 신학연구소 2006 신학지평 Vol.19 No.-

[영상진단 장치] 사람 속을 스크린 한 장에

김홍 샘터사 1988 월간 샘터 Vol.19 No.7

속리산 식물 조사 연구(I)

김홍은, 박승용 忠北大學 1979 論文集 - 忠北大學校 Vol.18 No.-

본문참고

학습 Fugue의 의의와 그 구성에 관한 소고

김홍인 新음악학회 2004 新음악논집 Vol.4 No.-

This study is mainly based on five French books on fugue literature published from the beginning of the Romantic period through the first half of the 20th century. It is necessary to trace the historical development of the fugue and the implementation of Fugue d'ecole in general in order to give any consideration to the structure and significance of the French Fugue d'ecole. The fugue was developed about 600 years ago as a technical tool and from there gradually developed into various types of independent compositions and exercises. Indeed, hardly before the appearance of the term "Fugue" the application of fugue had become a main disciplinary compositional method for young musicians. Various theoretical and technical ideas and structural contents of applied fugal composition are parallel to fugues and works applying fugal methods up to about the classical period. Accordingly, the contents of fugal practice correspond to the contents of compositions but these corresponding contents started going off on different tangents around 1750 due to rapid changes and various expansion in musical style. During the period of late Classical and early Romantic style, the contents of fugues as exercises and compositions were completely separated by the presentation of various fugal systems for exercise purpose only. French Fugue d'ecole was established at the beginning of the Romantic Era and was an integrated system that renovated the old system of modal and tonal fugue. In a sense, this type of fugue is a practical but one-sided system dealing with only technique and imagination for harmony and counterpoint and is therefore a compound practical system dealing mainly with the structure of a composition. The thematic elements of the Fugue d'ecole consist of subject(an tecedent), answer(consquent), counter-subject, and coda, and adds new theme when it is necessary. The structural elements consist of exposition, counter exposition, episode, pedal-point and stretto. The tonal development of the Fugue d'ecole is bound within related keys. In general, regulations in harmonic and contrapuntal practice are applicable to the progression of harmony, melody, rhythm and voice leading but these regulations are flexible depending upon the character of the themes or the propensity of the teachers. The practice of harmony and counterpoint nowadays have regulations and is a part of the curriculum of practical theory with a high regard to integrating the vertical and horizontal structure. The Fugue d'ecole deals with the presentation of main thematic elements and their developmental arrangement and exposition. It is exercise for composers to have technical practice and is also a practice in creativity for performers to understand and grasp the meaning and structure of the composition in detail.

아내의 기(氣) 살리기도 급선무다

김홍인 사회발전연구소 1988 한국인 Vol.17 No.5

都市의 綠地의 造成에 關한 硏究

김홍은 忠北大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.19 No.-