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김형렬,정상준,강준호,Hyung-Ryul Kim,Sang-Jun Jung,Jun-Ho Kang 한국암반공학회 2023 터널과지하공간 Vol.33 No.4
As the demand for urban underground space increases recently, urban tunnel planning is actively progressing. In the urban area, a underground station is planned in consideration of the living environment of residents, and 2-arch tunnel is applied for the stability of existing structures and reduction of environmental damage. However, since the depth of weak rock mass is deeply distributed in the urban area due to severe weathering, careful planning is required to secure tunnel stability. In addition, if TBM mechanical excavation is applied as the main tunnel excavation method considering the composite ground in urban area, the construction connectivity with the 2-arch tunnel of the NATM concept may be deteriorated. In this study, the design case of applying TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel for the first time in Korea was mainly described. The main considerations for the segment design of TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel were explained for side tunnels. Also, a stability analysis was conducted to verify the effectiveness and adequacy of the TBM pre-excavation type 2-arch tunnel.
김덕인 ( Deok In Kim ),김형렬 ( Hyoung Ryoul Kim ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ),박신구 ( Sin Gu Park ),임종한 ( Jong Han Leem ),노재훈 ( Jae Hoon Roh ),김정구 ( Jeong Goo Kim ),윤병갑 ( Byeong Kab Yoon ),김철우 ( Cheol Woo Kim ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2005 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.25 No.4
Background: Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is known to be the most common cause of occupational asthma (OA) in Korea. Although TDI can elicit humoral immune responses including specific-IgE (sIgE) and specific-IgG (sIgG) responses, the exact role of these immune responses has not been clearly clarified yet. Objective: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of TDI-induced OA, and to evaluate the clinical significance of TDI-related humoral immune responses in currently TDI-exposed workers. Method: Questionnaire interview for respiratory symptoms was conducted to 170 workers with direct exposure to TDI (exposed group). After screening survey, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for methacholine and TDI bronchial provocation tests (BPTs). Serum sIgG and sIgE antibodies to TDI-HSA conjugate, and sIgG to cytokeratin (CK) 8, 18, and 19 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 170 exposed workers, and compared with 61 unexposed workers in the same workplace (unexposed group) and 75 unexposed healthy controls(healthy control group). Result: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained symptoms of OA, and 7 of 11 symptomatic workers showed positive airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (4.1%). One worker with spray-painting job was confirmed as having TDI-induced asthma by showing positive responses to both methacholine and TDI BPTs. The prevalence of sIgG to TDI-HSA conjugate was significantly higher in TDI-exposed workers (10.1%) than in unexposed workers (0%) and healthy control (2.7%). However, no significant difference was noted between symptomatic (18.2%) and asymptomatic workers (9.5%) among the exposed group. The prevalences of sIgE to TDI-HSA conjugate and sIgG to CK 8, 18, 19 were not significantly different between the three groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI-induced OA was noted to 0.58% in the current working environments. The clinical significance of TDI-induced humoral immune responses may be clarified by further prospective studies. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;25:276-283)
SWOT 모형에 따른 한국의 비전과 그 실현을 위한 인프라 구축
김형렬 ( Kim Hyung Yul ) 한국정책연구원 2013 한국정책논집 Vol.13 No.-
The purpose of the paper is to suggest the infrastructure for attaining the vision of Korea utilizing SWOT model. The vision of Korea is suggested to be advancement, welfare and unification. In reaching the vision, the foremost condition is economic advancement, which will lead the government to provide all kinds of welfare programs for the people. The advancement will also build the infrastructure for unifying Korea. The author proposes that all the systems be reformed and that the government provide action programs in the direction for realizing the vision.
김형렬 ( Hyung-yul Kim ) 한국정책연구원 2003 한국정책논집 Vol.3 No.-
The purpose of this article is to set up the proposition that policy is philosophy, for which both deductive and inductive methods are utilized on the basis of literature and qualitative analysis. Since policy can be defined as the basic objective, plan, and program for attaining organizational vision and goal, it connotes both abstractness and concreteness. Philosophy that denotes abstractness can be positively affirmed by concreteness. As such, policy represents philosophy. Whereas some scholars treat economics as ethics, others deal with public administration as wisdom rather than science or rationality. And some theorists analyze an organization as a moral problem. In this vein, we can suggest that policy itself is philosophy.