팝핑 전처리를 이용한 폐목재의 효소당화

김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ),조은진 ( Eun Jun Cho ),이광호 ( Kwang Ho Lee ),김수배 ( Su Bae Kim ),배현종 ( Hyeun Jong Bae ) 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.1

We have investigated pretreatment of waste wood using milling refinery combined with poping method, which can save energy for pretreatment and enzyme loading for enzymatic hydrolysis. The chemical analysis of holocellulose of non and popping treated waste wood showed 65.9% and 58.8%, and the lignin, organic extracts and ash were increased by 3%, 4% and 0.7% after pretreatment, respectively. The reducing sugar yields of pretreated waste wood were increased four times more than non-pretreated one and the synergistic effect of cellulase and xylanase were evaluated compare with individual enzyme treatment. Especially, enzyme cocktail (cellulase 50U and xylanase 50U) treatment was very efficient in 1% substrate (50mg). Also, glucose and xylose conversion rate of pretreated waste wood by GC analysis were 45.9% and 38.7%, respectively.

재조합 Xylanase와 Cellulase의 연속처리에 의한 침엽수 Kraft 펄프의 Biobleaching

김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ),위승곤 ( Seung Gon Wi ),배현종 ( Hyeun Jong Bae ) 한국목재공학회 2007 목재공학 Vol.35 No.6

Trametes versicolor 배양액으로부터 단리 정제된 Laccase의 효소적 특성

김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ),배현종 ( Hyeun Jong Bae ) 한국목재공학회 2007 목재공학 Vol.35 No.4

팝핑전처리한 스위치그라스로부터 바이오에탄올 생산

김현주 ( Hyun Joo Kim ),비현종 ( Hyeun Jong Bae ) 한국목재공학회 2012 목재공학 Vol.40 No.3

Switchgrass was selected as a promising biomass resource for bioethanol production through popping pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification and fermentation using commercial cellulase and xylanase, and fermenting yeast The reducing sugar yields of popping pretreated switchgrass after enzymatic saccharification were above 95% and the glucose in thesaccharificaiton solution to ethanol conversion rate after fermentation with Saccbaromyces cerevisiae was reached to 89.6% Chemical compositions after popping pretreatment developed in our laboratory were 40.8% glucose and 203% xylose with much of glucose remaining and only xylose decreased to 415%. This means that the hemicelluloses area broke off during popping pretreatment, FE-SEM examination of substrate particles after popping pretreatment was showed fiber separation, and tearing and presence of numerous micro pores These changes help explain, enhanced enzymatic penetration resulting in improved hydrolysis of switchgrass particles after popping pretreatment.

고밀도 물질에 기인한 CT영상 화질저하 개선을 위한 Iterative MAR 알고리즘 적용의 유용성에 관한 연구

강지원(Ji Won Kang),조인완(In Hwan Jo),김현주(Hyeun Joo Kim),정우준(Woo Joon Jeong),고병근(Byeung Geun Go),이정탁(Jeong Tak Lee),유회성(Hoi Seong Yoo),유병헌(Byeong Heon Yoo) 대한CT영상기술학회 2016 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Purpose: In this research we tried to know the limitation and how much IMAR algorithm useful is in the clinical field by the evaluation of image and ana lysis using image data from phatom research and clinical research which used the Iterative MAR(Metal Artifact Reduction) algorithm from Inc. C that chose the way to get the data through its own HU of the kinds of metal in the human body(Titanium:4.5g/cm³ Around 6500HU, Stainless steel:7.8g/cm³ Around 50000HU, Gold:19.3g/cm³ Over 100000HU). Materials and Methods : We made the phantom with the dense material used in the replacement arthroplasty(L-spine : Titanium, Hip joint : Stainless steel), made of platinum for aneurysm in cerebral vessels and gold for dental filling. Also we used these machines, Somatom Derinition Flash from Inc. 5 and 64-MDCT Discovery 750 HD from Inc. G. we had studied from 1st May to 31st Oct. in 2015 using the image data from the patients to visit the hospital for f/u test. We used Advantage workstation program for alnalysis. We chose the ROI sized 2mm at the same part of Black Streak artifact and White streak artifact to record the average of the CT value after measuring it 20 times. Calculating the attenuation number, using the CT value measured, we calculate the attenuation number for each machines as the percentage to know how much the attenuation decrease, then compared and analyzed that. We got the image data after scan and set the same WW/WL of image data through Advantage Workstation program for research about clinical image. After then two groups, one consists of 2 radiologists and another one consists of 3 radiology technicians, evaluate how much the artifact reduce and the factors deciding the image quality such as resoultion and contrast. Result : As a result of converting attenuation coefficient into a percentage in the phantom research, Black streak artifact and White streak artifact of GDC coil image with MAR algorithm were 94% and 51% but both of them of GDC coil image with IMAR algorithm were 1% and 37%. Both of them decreased by 93% and 14% each. In Titanium, Black streak artifact decreased by 6%, from 17% to 11% and White streak artifact decreased by 19%, from 21% to 2% after using IMAR algorithm instead of MAR. In stainless steel Black streak artifact decreased by 5%, from 7% to 2% and White streak artifact decreased by 27%, from 34% to 7%. According to this phantom research, GDC coil, titanitum, and stainless steel are evaluated ‘adequate’ which had 3points in most of categories. Gold is the only one evaluated ‘good’ which had 4points in most of categories. This is the result of using IMAR algorithm instead of WFBP in the clinical image research, after converting attenuation coefficient into a percentage. Black streak artifact decreased by 17%, from 24% to 7%, and White streak artifact decreased by 7%, from 9% to 2% in plantium(GDC coil). In gold for dental filling, Black streak artifact decreased by 23%, from 33% to 10%, and White streak artifact decreased by 25%, from 30% to 5%. Also in stainless steel, Black streak artifact decreased by 48%, from 52% to4%, and White streak artifact decreased by 45%, from 46% to 1%. According to the evlauation for clinical images, GDC coil, titanium, and Stainless got 4points which meant ‘good’ in most of categories. Gold evaluated ‘adequate’, 3points in most of categories. Condusion : IMAR algorithm is more useful to reduce metal artifact caused by dense material rather than MAR algorithm. Using IMAR algorithm can provide information of various kinds to tissue with less artifact around metal foreign body, so it will be much more helpful for accurate diagnois. 목적 : 본 연구에서 인체에 삽입된 금속의 물질별(Titanium :4.5g/cm³ Around 6500HU, Stainless steel:7.8g/cm³ Around 5000HU, Gold:19.3g/cm³ Over 100000HU)로 고유의 HU(Hounsfield Unit)값을 적용하여 Data를 얻는 방식인 S사의 Iterative MAR(Metal Artifact Reduction) 알고리즘을 팬텀 연구와 임상 연구를 시행하여 획득된 영상데이터를 이용하여 정량적 분석과 임상 영상평가를 통하여 IMAR 알고리즘 유용성과 더불어 제한점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 임상에서 치료목적으로 사용하는 재료 중 정형 외과적 치환술 시 이용하는 고밀도(L-spine: Titanium), (Hip joint: Stainless steel)물질과 머리 혈관 동맥류의 시술을 위해 사용하는 Platinum성분의 고밀도 물질인 GDC coil, 치아 충전재로 사용하는 Gold(Dental filling)를 이용하여 자체 제작한 팬텀과 이를 토대로 적용한 임상연구의 순으로 진행하였다. 연구를 위해 이용한 장비는 S사의 Somatom Definition Flash와 G사의 64-MDCT Discovery 750 HD를 사용하였다. 임상연구는 2015년 5월 1일부터 10월31일까지 5개월간 추적검사를 위해 내원한 환자의 영상데이터를 이용하였다. 정량적 분석은 Advantage workstation 프로그램에서 Black streak artifact와 White streak artifact의 동일한 부위에 직경 2mm의 ROI를 그려 CT value값을 20회 씩 측정 후 평균 CT value값을 기록 하였다. 측정 CT value 값을 이용하여 감약계수로 환산 후 각 장비별 인공물 감소 정도를 백분율로 계산 후 비교 분석 하였다. 임상영상 연구는 스캔 후 획득한 영상 Data를 Advantage Workstation 프로그램을 이용하여 WW/WL을 동일하게 설정 한 후 영상의학과 전문의 2명, 방사선사 3명 등 총 5명의 관찰자가 5점 척도로 인공물의 감소 정도 및 영상의 화질 좌우인자인 해상도 및 대조도 등의 항목을 적용하여 평가하였다, 결과 : 팬텀연구에서 감약계수를 백분율로 환산한 결과 GDC Coil에서 Black streak artifact와 White streak artifact순으로 MAR는 94%, 51%, IMAR는 1%, 37%로 93%, 14% 감소되었다. Gold에서 MAR는 30%, 22%, IMAR는 24%, 16%로 둘 모두 6% 감소되었다. Titanium에서 MAR는 17%, 21%, IMAR는 11%, 2%로 6%, 19% 감소되었다. Stainless steel에서 MAR는 7%, 34%, IMAR는 2%, 7%로 5%, 27% 감소되었다. 팬텀 영상 평가는 GDC coil, Titanium, Stainless steel 모두 Adquate(3점)이 가장 많았고, Gold는 Good(4점)이 가장 많았다. 임상 영상 연구에서는 감쇠계수를 백분율로 환산한 결과 Platinum(GDC Coil)에서 WFBP는 24%, 9%, IMAR는 7%, 2%로 17%, 7% 감소되었다. Gold(Dental filing)는 WFBP 33%, 30%, IMAR 10%, 5%로 23%, 25% 감소되었다. Titanium은 WFBP 93%, 61%, IMAR 35%, 15%로 58%, 46% 감소되었다. Stainless steel은 WFBP 52%, 46%, IMAR 4%, 1%로 48%, 45% 감소되었다. 임상 영상 평가는 GDC Coil, Titanium, Stainless steel 모두 Good(4점), Gold는 Adquate(3점)이 가장 많았다. 결론 : 고밀도 물질에 의한 Metal Artifact를 기존의 MAR Algorithm 보다 IMAR Algorithm을 적용시켰을 때 보다 유용하게 감소시킬 수 있으며. IMAR는 Artifact가 감소된 금속구조물주변의 다양한 조직들의 정보를 제공할 수 있어 영상의학과 판독의와 임상의에게 정확한 진단을 결정하는데 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

3급 부정교합아동의 악관절강 크기의 방사선학적 계측

김현주,김영진,남순현 大韓小兒齒科學會 1990 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.17 No.1

유치열 및 혼합치열기 3급 부정교합 아동에 있어서 중심교합위시 악관절내 하악과두의 위치관계를 관찰하기 위하여 유치열 3급 부정교합 아동 35명(남:17, 여:18, 4세-6세 3개월)과 혼합 치열기 3급 부정교합 아동 47명(남:23, 여:24, 6세 10개월-11세 5개월)을 실험군으로 유치열기 정상아동 49명(남:27, 여:23, 6세 9개월-12세 2개월)을 대조군으로 하여 악관절 측방 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 악관절강 크기를 계측, 비교하므로써 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 유치열 및 혼합치열기 각각에서 두군 공히 좌, 우측간의 차이가 나지않으므로 (p>0.05)대칭성이 인정되었다. 정상군에서 유치열기의 악관절강의 후방거리는 2.90±0.42mm, 전방거리는 2.03±0.38mm였고 혼합치열기의 후방거리는 2.54±0.49mm, 상방거리는 2.91±0.55mm, 전방거리는 2.03±0.43mm였다. 3급 부정교합군에서 유치열기의 후방거리는 3.56±0.56mm, 상방거리는 3.30±0.53mm, 전방거리는 2.05±0.41mm였고 혼합치열기의 후방거리는 3.08±0.53mm, 상방거리는 3.04±0.47mm, 전방거리는 2.01±0.36mm였다. 유치열과 혼합치열기간의 약관절강 계측치 비교시 두군 공히 후방거리, 상방거리가 유치열에서 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). 유치열 및 혼합치열기내 남, 녀간 비교시 유치열기에서는 두군 공히 남, 녀간 차이가 인정되지 않았으나(p>0.05) 혼합치열기에서는 두군 공히 후방거리 및 상방거리에서 남자가 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다.(p<0.05). 유치열 및 혼합치열기에서 정산군과 3급 부정교합군간의 남, 녀별 비교시 남, 녀 공히 후방거리에서 3급 부정교합군이 유의성 있게 크게 나타났다(p<0.05). The purpose of this study was to measure the tempormandibular joint spaces in Class Ⅲ malocclusion children with primary and mixed dentition. Materials included the test group of 34 roentgenorgrams of TMJ with primary dentition and 47 roentgenograms of TMJ with mixed dentition in Class Ⅲ malocclusion children and control group of 49 roentgenograms of TMJ with primary dentition and 44 roentgenograms of TMJ with mixed dentition in Normal children at centric occlusion. The result obtained from this study were as follows: 1. In both groups symmetry of left and right TMJ was recognized in the primary and mixed dentition(p>0.05). 2. In normal group, the size of TMJ space in centric occlusion 2.90±0.37mm posteriorly, 3.09±0.42mm superiorly and 2.03±0.38mm anteriorly in the primary dentition and 2.54±0.49mm posteriorly, 2.91±0.55mm superiorly and 2.03±0.43mm anteriorly in the mixed dentition. 3. In Class Ⅲ group, the size of TMJ space in centric occlusion 3.56±0.56mm posteriorly, 3.30±0.53mm superiorly and 2.05±0.41mm anteriorly in the primary dentition and 3.08±0.53mm posteriorly, 3.04±0.47mm superiorly and 2.01±0.36mm anteriorly in the mixed dentition. 4. In both groups, in t-test of every measured value between primary and mixed dentition, posterior and superior joint space were showed difference and the difference were greater in the primary dentition than in the mixed(p<0.05). 5. In both groups, in the primary dentition, there were no sex differences every measured value (p>0.05), but in the mixed dentition, there were sex differences in posterior and superior joint spaces and were greater in male than in female(p<0.05). 6. In t-test of Normal and Class Ⅲ group in the primary and mixed dentition by sex, only postrior joint space showed difference and the difference was greater in Class Ⅲ group than in Normal group(p<0.05).