Korean EFL Learners’ Perceptions of Learning Motivation

김채은 한국영어어문교육학회 2015 영어어문교육 Vol.21 No.3

This study examines how Korean university students perceive their language learning motivation and indentifies how their perceptions of motivation help them prepare in second language (L2) learning. To explore how perception of motivation is related to language learning, this study used two tools to collect qualitative data: (1) semi-structured questionnaires and (2) interviews. The analysis focuses on how students’ self-assessment of learning motivation is shaped and related to motivational types. The participants consisted of 20 college students, aged 21 to 26, from English major. The results indicate that (1) most of the English-major students who participated in the study are extrinsically motivated in learning English; (2) motivation itself (i.e., motivation vs. amotivation) is the key factor that encourages students to learn English, regardless of the individual’s type of motivation or reasons for being motivated; (3) knowing that learners’ motivation types has a positive impact on language learning.

Korean EFL Learners’ Use of Complex RCs in a CMC Context

김채은 현대영어교육학회 2018 현대영어교육 Vol.19 No.1

The researcher discussed second language (L2) English learners’ motivation as well as their development of syntactic structures with special focus on the complex structures used in computer-mediated communication (CMC). A particular focus of the study is learners’ use of English relative clauses (RCs). The researcher assumed that language complexity can be distributed based on L2 learners’ particular RC preference. Eighteen Korean EFL learners participated in a set number of internet chat sessions with Japanese university students. A total of 62 tokens of natural RCs were found in the data set. The findings of the study showed that 1) the learners produced only subject and direct object RCs, and they produced the two RC types in almost equal number; 2) most of direct object RCs used by EFL learners in computer chatting had an inanimate head noun; and 3) the subject of direct object RCs involved mainly pronouns. Therefore, the researcher concluded that EFL learner’s production of direct object RCs can reflect their strategies for planning their production pattern, which reduces the processing load of the parser. In addition, the present study’s results are very similar to previous findings on English RCs in both corpus studies and experimental works.

L2 Processing of English Direct Object and Oblique Relative Clauses

김채은 현대영어교육학회 2019 현대영어교육 Vol.20 No.2

This study examines how second language learners of English process English direct object (DO) and oblique (OBL) RCs. In L1 and L2 processing research, subject and DO RCs are frequently used to test the comprehension and production of complex structures. However, comparing the processing of these two types of RCs is potentially problematic because they differ in terms of typical head noun animacy and canonical word order. In order to eliminate potential effects from these factors, this study instead utilizes DO RCs and OBL RCs to accurately test for an effect of the length between the filler and the gap in sentences involving filler-gap dependencies. The participants were 39 intermediate- and advanced-level L2 English learners. The study’s analysis of their comprehension accuracy and reading times resulted in two main findings: (1) the learners comprehended DO RCs more accurately than OBL RCs and (2) they spent much more time reading OBL RCs than DO RCs. These results indicate that, for L2 English learners, DO RCs are less complex and easier to process than OBL RCs. The results support a filler-gap-dependency distance effect; that is, greater length between the filler and the gap increases L2 processing difficulty.

Second Language Acquisition of Complex Structures: The Case of English Oblique Relative Clauses

김채은 현대영어교육학회 2020 현대영어교육 Vol.21 No.2

Previous works on English relative clauses (RCs) have tested subject and direct object RCs to find an asymmetrical pattern in L2 syntactic development. Studies on English native speakers and L2 learners of English have shown that both groups were better at subject RCs than any other types of RCs. However, these test items potentially involve compounding factors such as animacy effect and word order canonicity. To resolve this issue, the present study used an elicited production task to see how Korean-speaking adult learners of English perform two types of English oblique RCs. Forty Korean college students (18 high proficiency group; 22 low proficiency group) showed better performance at oblique RCs with a short filler-gap dependency (FGD) than oblique RCs with a long FGD. Both proficiency groups showed better accuracy rates when oblique RCs with a short FGD were elicited. In addition, patterns of non-targeted responses can explain how L2 learners differently process two oblique RCs with dissimilar distance between the filler and the gap. Overall, the test results demonstrated a clear linear distance effect between the filler and the gap in producing oblique RCs.

Korean EFL Learners’ Production of English Relative Clauses

김채은 현대영어교육학회 2017 현대영어교육 Vol.18 No.2

Speakers constantly choose among alternative language structures that express the same meaning. The question of why speakers tend to prefer some structures over others raises issues involving language typology and processing. Relative clause (RC) structures are widely used to investigate these issues. Previous research on English RCs has reported that adults and children who speak English as a first language find it easier to produce subject RCs than object RCs. To expand this discussion, this study investigates L1-Korean English learners’ production of two types of RCs. The study tests the extent to which native speakers and non-native speakers of English choose passive subject RCs over active direct object RCs when describing animate entities. Data were collected from 10 native speakers and 18 EFL leaners using a picture-elicited production task. The results indicate two main findings: (i) L2 English learners’ production shows a strong preference for subject RCs and (ii) L2 English learners tend to employ an avoidance strategy in contexts that elicit direct object RCs, instead producing passive subject RCs. The patterns of response provide strong evidence for a subject-object asymmetry in L2 English learners’ production that is identical to that of L1 English speakers.

A Subject–Indirect Object Asymmetry in L2 Processing of English RCs

김채은 한국영어어문교육학회 2016 영어어문교육 Vol.22 No.1

This study investigates whether second language (L2) learners of English indicate any difference in the processing difficulty of subject and indirect object relative clauses (RCs). Previous work on sentence processing has shown that native English speakers read subject RCs faster than direct object RCs; however, the comparison is problematic due to the uncontrolled animacy of the heads. This study therefore examines the effects of gap types in English subject relative clauses and indirect object relative clauses on comprehension accuracy and total reading times. The study further investigates whether any such effects are correlated with L2 English proficiency. A total of 31 Korean college EFL learners participated in an on-line reading task. Their English proficiency was measured by a C-test. The analysis found no difference in the comprehension scores of either intermediate-proficiency or high-proficiency groups between the two types of relative clause. However, the reading time data demonstrate that all the L2 learners, regardless of English proficiency, had more difficulty processing indirect object RCs than subject RCs. These results support the distance effect of the filler-gap dependency; the longer dependencies in the indirect object clauses result in greater syntactic complexity and thus make processing more difficult.

Passivization Also Happens: Relative Clause Production in Korean

김채은 한국중원언어학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.46

Previous research on Korean relative clauses (RCs) has reported that adults and children who speak Korean as a first language find it easier to produce subject RCs than object RCs. Whereas subject passive RCs are produced by English speakers when direct object RCs are elicited, studies on Korean RCs showed no alternative answers with subject passive form. To test the possibility of passivization of direct object RCs in Korean, this study investigates L1-Korean adults and children’s production of two types of RCs. Data were collected from 21 native speakers and 14 Korean-speaking children using a picture-elicited production task. The results indicate three main findings: (i) Korean-speaking adults and children’s production shows a strong preference for subject RCs; (ii) adult speakers strongly tend to employ an avoidance strategy in contexts that elicit direct object RCs, instead producing passive subject RCs; and (iii) with the same materials and the same tasks, both English-speaking adults (in a parallel study of English by Kim (2017)) and Korean-speaking adults similarly used the avoidance strategy when the direct object RCs are targeted.

환상의 실현

김채은,Kim, Chae-Eun 한국과학기술단체총연합회 1989 과학과 기술 Vol.22 No.10

Analysis of Passives in English-to-Korean Machine Translation Systems’ Output

김채은 현대영어교육학회 2023 현대영어교육 Vol.24 No.-

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools for teaching and learning English as a foreign language have become increasingly functional, leading to the growing use of AI translators and chatbots in fields of English education and research. This study investigated the potential of English-to-Korean machine translators (MTs) as media of interactive language learning to support Korean EFL learners’ reading comprehension development. Using translation data from research articles on English passives involving NP movement, this study evaluated how well two popular MTs could translate English passive sentences into Korean. This study analyzed MTs’ output in two ways: (i) whether the product’s meaning was accurate, and (ii) what type of Korean passive the product was. First, it calculated rates of semantically accurate and grammatically appropriate translations, both actives and passives produced by the two MTs. Second, it calculated rates of three different types of Korean passives produced by MTs. Results demonstrated that currently available English-to-Korean MTs could produce semantically correct translations at high rates in the form of Korean passives. Active voice constructions also showed significant rates. These findings suggest that MTs have strong potential as tools for English reading pedagogy.

쌀 배유 조성 탄수화물 특성과 식미와의 연관성

김채은,손재근,강미영 한국작물학회 2007 Korean journal of crop science Vol.52 No.4

품종의 쌀을 시료로 하여 전분분자의 미세구조 및 전분입자 막 조성 탄수화물의 특성과 식미치와의 상관을 분석함으로써 밥맛에 영향을 미치는 탄수화물 성분 특성에 대해서 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 연구에 사용한 8품종 가운데 식미치는 고품벼가 가장 높았다. 2. 아밀로그램상의 호화특성에도 유의미한 차이가 있었는데, 최고 점도(Peak viscosity)와 강하 점도(breakdown)는 히토메보레가 가장 높았고, 미향벼가 가장 낮았다. 그러나 이들 아밀로그램상의 호화특성과 식미치와는 아무런 상관이 없었다. 3. 전분분자 중의 아밀로오스 함량은 품종 간에 유의미한 차이가 있었고, 토요식미기에 의해서 분석된 아밀로오스 함량과도 차이가 있었다. 그러나 아밀로오스 분자의 구조적인 특성과 식미치 간에는 상관이 없었다. 4. 아밀로펙틴의 미세구조 중 B/A의 값이 가장 큰 품종은 새추청벼였고, 가장 작은 품종은 팔공벼였다. 그러나 이들 수치와 식미치와는 상관이 인정되지 않았다. 5. DSC에 의한 전분입자의 호화특성도 품종 간에 차이가 있었으며, 특히 호화엔탈피는 품종 간 차이가 크게 나타났다. 그러나 호화엔탈피 역시 식미치와는 상관이 없었다. 6. 쌀 배유전분분획의 헤미셀룰로오스성 다당을 구성하고 있는 단당류는 rhamnose, fucose, ribose, arabinose, xylose 등이었으며, 총 단당류 함량은 새추청벼가 가장 높았고, 팔공벼가 가장 낮았다. 그러나 팔공벼를 제외한 양질미에서는 식미치와 상관이 없는 것을 알 수 있었다. Eight varieties of milled rice showing different palatabilities were studied in order to identify the relationship between physicochemical properties of carbohydrate components and their fine structure. Gopumbyeo showed the highest palatability value among the eight varieties tested. Both peak viscosity and breakdown were hightest in Hitomebore, and lowest in Mihyangbyeo. No relationship was indicated between the palatability and gelatinization properties. The amylose content of starch showed a significant difference among the varieties tested. However, no relationship was found between the structure of amylose and the palatability of milled rice. The degree of branching(B/A value) was highest in Saechucheongbyeo, and lowest in Palgongbyeo in fine structure of amylopectin. But no relationship was indicated between the B/A values and the palatability of milled rice. Difference was indicated in properties of gelatinization of starch by differential scanning calorimetry. The enthalphy for gelatinization showed a significant difference among the varieties. However, no relationship was found between the enthalphy for gelatinization and the palatability of milled rice. Monosaccharide in endosperm was composed of rice were compound of rhamnose, fucose, ribose, arabinose, and xylose. The total content of monosaccharides was highest in Saechucheongbyeo, and lowest in Palgongbyeo. However, 7 varieties of milled rice, expect Palgongbyeo, showed no relationship between the palatability and monosaccharides contents.