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부모에 대한 애착이 학령기 아동의 사회적 능력에 미치는 영향
김정은(Jung En Kim),도현심(Hyun Sim Doh),김민정(Min Jung Kim),김재희(Jea Hee Kim) 한국아동학회 2013 아동학회지 Vol.34 No.3
The effects of parental attachment and empathy on social competence were examined with a sample of 403 fifth and sixth graders (192 males, 211 females) attending elementary school in Gyoung-gi province. All research variables were measured using self-reported questionnaires conducted by the children concerned. Date were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. The results indicated that parental attachment had no direct effect, but there was an indirect effect on children`s social competence mediated by children`s empathy. Maternal attachment influenced children`s social competence relatively more than paternal attachment. As compared to parental attachment, however, children`s empathy was the more influential variable when it came to social competence. These results were consistent in both genders. The results of this study emphasize that children`s own characteristics such as empathy tend to be important factors in developing social competence compared to the parental role in middle childhood. Accordingly, interventions aimed at improving children`s empathy need to be emphasized in order to develop children`s social competence of gender.
상용 미분탄 보일러 연소해석에서 석탄 탈휘발 모델 및 난류반응속도의 영향 평가
양주향(JooHyang Yang),김정은(Jung-en A. Kim),류창국(Changkook Ryu) 한국연소학회 2014 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2014 No.11
Predicting coal combustion by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) requires a combination of complicated flow and reaction models for turbulence, radiation, particle flows, heterogeneous combustion, and gaseous reactions. There are various levels of models available for each of the phenomena, but the use of advanced models are significantly restricted in a large-scale boiler due to the computational costs and the balance of accuracy between adopted models. In this study, the influence of coal devolatilization model and turbulent mixing rate was assessed in CFD for a commercial boiler at 500 MWe capacity. For coal devolatilization, two models were compared: i) a simple model assuming single volatile compound based on proximate analysis and ii) advanced model of FLASHCHAIN with multiple volatile species. It was found out that the influence of the model was observed near the flames but the overall gas temperature and heat transfer rate to the boiler were very similar. The devolatilization rate was found not significant since the difference in near-flame temperature became noticeable when it was multiplied by 10 or 0.1. In contrast, the influence of turbulent mixing rate (constant A in the Magnussen model) was found very large. Considering the heat transfer rate and flame temperature, a value of 1.0 was recommended for the rate constant.
1999년, 2005년, 2008년 피부반응검사 분석을 통해 본 지난 10년간 경기남부지역 대학병원에 내원한 알레르기 환자의 화분 알레르겐 감작률의 변화
이진우 ( Jin Woo Lee ),최길순 ( Gil Soon Choi ),김정은 ( Jung En Kim ),진현정 ( Hyun Jung Jin ),김주희 ( Joo Hee Kim ),예영민 ( Young Min Ye ),남동호 ( Dong Ho Nahm ),박해심 ( Hae Sim Park ) 대한천식알레르기학회 2011 천식 및 알레르기 Vol.31 No.1
Background: Pollen is a typical outdoor allergen, which is known as a major factor causing respiratory allergic diseases. Objective: This study was designed to observe changes in the sensitization rate to pollen allergens and their characteristics in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province over the last 10 years. Method: Targeting 7,103 patients in total, the results of allergy skin prick tests were obtained in 1999, 2005 and 2008. We assessed changes in skin reactivity to 13 major inhalant allergens, including alder, oak and beech, that cause pollinosis in spring as well as mugwort, ragweed and Hop J pollens that cause pollinosis in autumn, based on the rates of allergen/histamine wheal responses. Higher ratios than 1 were regarded as positive results. Result: The sensitization rates to tree pollens were increased gradually in 1999, 2005 and 2008. The sensitization rates to alder were 5.5% in 1999, 6.2%in 2005 and 9% in 2008 those to oak were 6.7% in 1999, 8.5% in 2005 and 9.6% in 2008. Also, the sensitization rates to weed pollens were increased gradually in 1999, 2005 and 2008 as well. The sensitization rates to mugwort were 11.3% in 1999, 13.1% in 2005 and 15.2% in 2008; those to Hop J were 7.1% in 1999, 8.0% in 2005 and 9.6% in 2008. Especially in cases of Hop J, the proportion of patients with high rates (more than 5+) tended to increase from 27.5% in 1999 to 31.3% in 2005 and 36.9% in 2008. The time point where the sensitization rate started to obviously increase was advanced from September to July, which implies the extension of the sensitization period. Conclusion: The sensitization rates to tree and weed pollens have increased significantly in the southern part of Gyeonggi Province over the last 10 years, which has been noted among the patients at different ages, especially young children and adults over their 40s. An increase in the degree of skin reactivity and the extension of the sensitization period were observed in cases of Hop J. (Korean J Asthma Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;31:33-40)