초등 저학년 경도 지적장애 아동의 수감각 특성: 만4세 일반유아와의 비교

김자경 한국지적장애교육학회 2019 지적장애연구 Vol.21 No.4

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of number sense among elementary students in lower grades with mild intellectual disabilities (ID). The subjects of this study are 15 students with mild intellectual disabilities in first and seconde grades, and 65 preschoolers at age 4 as a comparison group. The number sense test developed by Kim et al. (2018) was conducted to the subjects individually. The data were analysed by using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and Scheffé post hoc test. The results are as follows: First, the levels of number sense were compared between students with mild ID and preschoolers without disabilities. The students with mild ID showed lower levels of number sense than those of preschoolers on the total score and sub-area scores. Second, the comparison group was divided into four groups on the basis of the total score of the number sense test, then the differences among those four groups and mild ID group were analysed on the total and sub-area scores. The total score of the mild ID group was similar to that of the preschooler group below 25th percentile. Regarding to the sub-areas of the number sense, the mild ID group showed the lowest levels of the number sense on the areas of number recognition, quantity discrimination, and measure. On the area of counting, the scores of the mild ID group were similar to those of the preschooler group below 25th percentile, while on the areas of the pattern and the number transformation, the scores of the mild ID group were similar to those of the preschooler group below 25th percentile and the preschooler group in the low 26th∼50th percentile. The scores of the mild ID group were lower than those of the preschooler group above 76th percentile on the areas of the computation and the estimation, but higher than those of the other three preschooler groups. On the areas of the missing number and the number meaning, no differences were found between the mild ID group and the preschooler group above 76th percentile, but the scores of the mild ID group were higher than those of the other three preschooler groups. Although there were significant differences on the skip counting among five groups, no differences were found on the Scheffé post hoc test. In conclusion, the number sense of elementary students with mild ID was lower than that of the four-year-old preschoolers, and lower than or similar to the preschoolers below the 25th percentile in some sub-areas of number sense. These findings demonstrate the need for continuos and systematic number sense instruction for the elementary students with mild ID in the early grades. 본 연구는 일반 초등학교에 재학 중인 초등 저학년 경도 지적장애 아동의 수감각 특성을 만4세 일반유아와 비교하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Y지역에 소재한 다섯 개 초등학교와 한 곳의 사설치료실에 대상을 의뢰하였으며, 부모의 동의를 얻어 총 15명의 지적장애 아동을 선정하였다. 비교 대상은 두 개의 유아교육기관에 재원 중인 65명이며, 이들은 수감각 수준에 따라 4개의 집단(백분위 76이상, 백분위 51∼75이하, 백분위 26∼50이하, 백분위 25이하)으로 분류하였다. 본 연구에서는 김자경 외(2018a)가 개발한 수감각 검사를 사용하였으며, 개별검사로 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 경도 지적장애 아동은 일반유아에 비해 수감각 총점 및 모든 하위 영역에서 유의하게 낮은 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 경도 지적장애 아동집단과 수감각 수준별 유아집단을 비교한 결과, 경도 지적장애 아동집단은 수감각 총점이 백분위 25이하 집단을 제외한 다른 유아집단에 비해 낮은 수준으로 나타났다. 하위 영역별로 살펴보면, 수인식과 수량변별, 측정 영역에서는 모든 수준별 유아집단보다 낮게 나타났다. 수세기 영역에서는 백분위 25이하 집단과, 규칙과 합성분해 영역에서는 백분위 25이하 및 백분위 25∼50이하 유아집단과 유사한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 셈하기와 어림 영역은 백분위 76이상인 유아집단보다는 낮은 수준이었지만 다른 유아집단들과는 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 빠진 수 넣기와 수의미 영역에서는 백분위 76이상의 유아집단과 차이가 없었으며, 다른 유아집단보다는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 뛰어 세기 영역에서는 집단 간 차이가 있었으나, 지적장애 아동집단과 모든 유아집단 간 차이는 없었다. 종합하건데, 경도지적장애 아동의 수감각 수준은 발달수준을 고려하여 비교한 일반유아에 비해 낮았으며, 하위 영역에 따라서는 백분위 25이하의 유아집단보다 낮거나 유사한 수준임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 초등 저학년 경도 지적장애 아동에게 수감각 교육이 필요함을 입증해주며, 이를 위한 방안에 관해 논의 및 제언하였다.

해안사구와 산지지역에서 표범장지뱀 (Eremias argus) 서식지의 특성

김자경,김일훈,라남용,박대식 한국양서·파충류학회 2011 한국양서·파충류학회지 Vol.3 No.1

공익연계 마케팅에 대한 이론적 고찰

김자경,김정현 한국언론학회 2001 한국언론학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2001 No.-

표범장지뱀(Eremias argus)의 생태특성 및 증식기술개발 연구

김자경,김일훈,김빛나,박대식 한국양서·파충류학회 2010 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.1

아동용 목재 가구 재료 및 마감법에 따른 친환경성 연구

김자경 한국가구학회 2019 한국가구학회지 Vol.30 No.4

As children’s furniture is more environmentally friendly, the market for wooden furniture products using wood is increasing. However, wooden furniture does not guarantee environmental friendliness. There are various types of wood furniture and various processing methods. So even if the raw materials are environmentally friendly, they can contain harmful substances such as adhesives and finishes during the processing. However, it is difficult for real consumers to grasp the effect of furniture on indoor space. Therefore, in this study, we checked how much harmful substances are discharged according to wood and surface finishing methods that are used for eco-friendly wooden furniture for children. Therefore, the characteristics of the relative emission of hazardous substances according to the finishing method of each wood material were derived by using the indoor air quality measuring device rather than the chamber method or the three-dimensional method of measuring the emission of harmful substances by each wood plate material. The test materials include 2 ash and maple wood among the wood used in children's furniture, 3 cypress, cedar and pine wood laminated board, 1 natural birch plywood, 1 MDF, 1 PB (particle board) and 1 general plywood. These materials were used as the main raw materials, and the emission characteristics were analyzed by measuring formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds, which are hazardous substances according to various finishing methods.

학습장애 아동 어머니의 양육 스트레스와 지원 요구에 관한 연구

김자경,정세영 한국학습장애학회 2011 학습장애연구 Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting stress and child-care support needs of mother's children with learning disabilities using the in-depth interview. This study involved 6 mothers of low-grade elementary school children with learning disabilities. The participants were interviewed and asked to respond to each question of an semi-structured questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows. First, participants usually had two types of parenting stress about early learning difficulties and diagnosis problem in preschool and five types of parenting stress about worsening of learning problems, short understandings of class teachers about learning disabilities, alienation from friends, worrying about child's course, repetition of internal conflict in school age. Second, participants usually had four types of child-care support needs about early discriminations, education for specialists and educational program developments, sharing child-care experiences, support from my husband. 본 연구는 학습장애 아동의 어머니 양육 스트레스와 지원 요구를 살펴보고자 1∼3년 학습장애 자녀를 둔 6명의 어머니를 대상으로 개별 심층 면담을 실행하였다. 면담 내용을 분석한 결과, 어머니의 양육 스트레스에 대해서는 일곱 가지의 주제가 도출되었다. 학령 전에는 초기 학습 문제 시작, ‘진단’과 ‘늦됨’ 사이, 학교에 입학 한 이후에는 학업 문제 심화, 담임교사의 이해 부족, 또래로부터의 소외, 자녀의 진로, 내적 갈등의 반복이라는 주제가 나왔다. 또한 어머니들의 지원 요구는 조기 선별, 전문가 양성과 교육 프로그램 개발, 양육 경험의 공유, 남편의 도움과 같은 4가지 주제가 나왔다. 연구결과를 통해 학습장애 아동의 지원방안을 모색하는 데 유용한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

아동친화 친환경 놀이터 개발을 위한 사용자 선호도 조사

김자경 한국가구학회 2023 한국가구학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Abstract: At the national level, children must be protected as precious assets for the future and their rights to live healthy and happy lives must be guaranteed. As the movement to build child-friendly cities spreads around the world to guarantee the rights of these children, the num- ber of child-friendly cities certified by local governments is gradually increasing in Korea. However, it is necessary to review whether a safe and fun play space is created by sufficiently reflecting the opinions of children who are the subjects of play, and whether eco-friendliness is sufficiently reflected in consideration of the sustainability of the future city. Therefore, in this study, the preference and satisfaction of children's playgrounds and eco-friendly playgrounds were investigated. Accordingly, an analysis was conducted on 207 children under the age of 18, who are the main users of the playground, both face-to-face and on the Internet. As a result of the survey, 55% of the playgrounds currently used are apartment complex playgrounds, and the overall satisfaction rate is 59%. It was investigated whether there are fun rides or not has the most influence on playground satisfaction. And the most used play equipment is the swing, the most unsatisfactory play facility is the jungle gym, the lack of play facilities are experiential play facilities and adventure play facilities, and the facilities to be added are exercise facilities. And about eco-friendly playground, it was investigated that 79% of the subjects were not aware of it, and although they chose the nature-friendly playground as the most eco-friendly play- ground, they actually preferred green energy and nature-themed imaginary playgrounds as the playground they wanted to play the most. In addition, the preferred detailed types of 15 types of rides, from swings to water rides, were investigated. Based on this, basic information for fu- ture child-friendly eco-friendly playground development and major planning elements for design development were presented. .

해외 친환경 경기장 주변 공공시설물 유형 분석

김자경 한국가구학회 2023 한국가구학회지 Vol.34 No.2

. Abstract: Eco-friendly stadium construction is a prerequisite for hosting large-scale international games, and securing sustainability is very important for post-event use. Therefore, creating a community space through the composition of spaces where various activities are possible around the stadium is an important way to improve the sustainability of the stadium. Therefore, in this study, we tried to find a way to enhance the sustainability of public facilities composing the stadium in order to strengthen the green community around the stadium and to emphasize the eco-friendly stadium architecture and integrated image. To this end, we inves- tigated which facilities were reflected in an eco-friendly manner, along with the analysis of the surrounding space composition and the type of installed public facilities in 15 stadiums that re- ceived overseas eco-friendly certification. As a result of the study, the facilities with the most items applied are supply facilities(31) > road facilities(19) > convenience facilities(13) > environ- mental facilities(11) > others(3) > play facilities(2) in order. The installation rate is 86.7% for boundary facilities, 75.5% for management facilities and green spaces, 71.1% for U-City related facilities, 60% for information facilities, 56.7% for protection facilities, 55.6% for sanitation fa- cilities, 51.4% for transportation facilities, 47.5% for landscape facilities, Rest facilities 45.3%, lighting facilities 44.4%, traffic facilities 41.5%, play facilities 36.7%, and service facilities 27.7%. In addition, the most common design type is street lights, and the most applied eco-friendly planning elements are simple design, material aspects such as the use of natural materials, long-life materials, and recyclable materials. A number of facilities using modular structures and green energy were investigated.

공동자원의 공동관리에 입각한 주민자치 사례 분석 연구 - 제주의 농촌 마을 사례를 중심으로 -

김자경,박서현 한국농촌사회학회 2023 農村社會 Vol.33 No.1

In an era of multiple crises, the state and the market have failed to solve life problems. One of the alternatives is local self-governing as community-powered problem-solving. In Korea's history and institutionalization of self-governing, there has always been an antagonistic relationship between government-led self-governing and local self-governing. Therefore, local villages have been the terminal institutions of government-led self-governing as well as the frontline of local self-governing. In particular, today's local self-governing centered on residents' governing committees has the challenge of overcoming the limitations of bureaucratization and representative democracy. This paper examines the common structures of local self-governing in Jeju villages where those two forces intersect. By analyzing the cases of three villages, it was possible to identify a prototype of local self-governing that is being demanded today. We found that Jeju's villages centered on village assemblies to create self-governing rules, discuss and decide on various matters, promote common events, and mediate conflicts. In particular, the community experience of managing commons was significant. In the Jeju villages, we found that the foundation of local self-governing is the village's commons. This aspect of Jeju's villages can contribute to the theory of local self-governing today. How to organize commons and organize residents to activate local self-governing in other regions and cities other than Jeju requires further research. 복합위기에 직면해 있는 시대에 국가와 시장은 삶의 문제들을 해결하지 못했다. 그 대안으로 부상한 것이 공동체적 문제해결 방식이며, 지역과 마을 수준의 주민자치가 대안으로 대두되고 있다. 한국에서 자치의 역사와 제도를 살펴보면 언제나 단체자치와 주민자치 사이에 긴장 관계가 존재했다. 마을은 단체자치의 말단 기관이었으며, 주민자치의 최전선이기도 하다. 따라서 오늘날 주민자치위원회 중심의 주민자치는 관치화, 대의민주주의의 한계를 극복해야 하는 과제가 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 두 개의 힘이 교차하는 제주의 마을에서 공통으로 보이는 주민자치 구조를 살펴봤다. 3곳의 마을 사례를 분석한 결과, 오늘날 요구되고 있는 주민자치의 원형을 확인할 수 있었다. 제주의 마을은 마을총회를 중심으로 자치규약을만들고, 다양한 일을 의논하고 결정하며, 공동의 행사를 추진하고, 갈등을 조정하고 있다. 특히 공동자원을 관리하고 운영해 온 공동체적 삶의 경험이 매우 중요하다. 제주의 마을에서 주민자치의 토대는 마을의 공동자원임을 확인할 수 있었다. 제주 마을이 만들어 간 주민자치의 모습은 오늘날 주민자치론의 보완에 이바지할수 있다. 제주 이외의 다른 지역과 도시에서의 주민자치를 활성화하기 위해 공동자원을 어떻게 구성하고 주민들을 조직할 것인가에 대해서는 각 지역과 도시의 특성에 따른 별도의 연구가 필요하다.

경기장 주변 친환경성 향상을 위한 공공시설물에 관한 연구 - 국내 친환경 인증 경기장 외부 공공시설물을 중심으로 -

김자경 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2023 디자인융복합연구 Vol.22 No.2

Since 2000, the construction of eco-friendly stadiums has been a prerequisite for green sports and it is important to secure sustainability in post-use after large-scale games. Therefore, this study tried to find a way to improve the eco-friendliness of public facilities that plays the most important role in directing the stadium's surroundings in order to strengthen the image of the eco-friendly stadium and increase the integrated value of the stadium. To this end, the overall guidelines for public facilities of local governments in Korea were reviewed to derive eco-friendly and sustainable planning elements. After selecting 14 domestic eco-friendly stadiums, the composition of surro- unding spaces and installed public facilities were investigated. The results of the study are as follows in the order in which the most items were applied. Supply facilities(24)> Road facilities(18)> Convenience facilities(15)> Environmental facilities(12)> Others(3)> Amusement facilities(1). The installation rate was high at 64.3% for boundary facilities and 57.1% for service facilities. And the most applied eco-friendly planning elements were investigated as the use of natural materials and the use of long-life materials. On the other hand, elements that are not reflected in the eco-friendly planning elements are as follows in each aspect. Form aspect: securing identity through the symbolic identity of the stadium; Material aspect: recycling, using renewable materials, and reducing environmental load; Structural aspect: redundant construction performance; Productivity aspect: standardization; Maintenance aspect: good product repair and ease of disposal. 2000년 이후 친환경 경기장 건축은 그린 스포츠를 위한 필수 조건이며, 대규모 경 기 이후 사후 활용에서 지속가능성의 확보는 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 친환경 경 기장의 이미지를 강화하고, 경기장의 통합적인 가치를 높이기 위해 경기장 주변 연 출에 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 것은 공공시설물이며, 이러한 공공시설물의 친환경 성을 향상시키기 위한 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 지자체 공공시설물 가이드라인을 전반적으로 검토하여 친환경성과 지속 가능한 계획 요소를 도출하고, 국내 친환경 인증 경기장 중 14곳을 선정하여, 주변 공간 구성과 설치된 공공시설 물을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 가장 많은 아이템이 적용된 시설물은 공급시설(24)> 도로시설(18)>편의시설(15)>환경시설(12)>기타(3)>놀이시설(1)순으로 적용 되었으며, 설치 비율은 경계시설 64.3%, 서비스 시설 57.1%로 높게 조사되었다. 그리고 가장 많이 적용된 친환경 계획 요소는 자연소재 활용과 장수명 소재 활용 으로 조사되었다. 반면, 반영이 안 된 친환경 계획 요소는 형태적 측면에서는 경기 장의 상징적 아이덴티티를 통한 정체성 확보, 재료의 측면에서는 재활용, 재생 가 능, 환경부하 저감 재료의 사용, 구조적 측면에서는 중복구성 성능과 생산적 측면 에서 표준화, 유지관리 측면에서는 제품보수 양호성과 폐기처리 용이성 등으로 조 사되었다.