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在美 韓國 有配偶 婦人의 再生産週期(初經─閉經)에 關한 硏究
朴祥華(Sang - Hwa Park),金應翊(Eung - Ik Kim),崔明姬(Mia - Myonghee Choe),徐敬萬(Kyung - Man Seo) 한국인구학회 1991 한국인구학 Vol.14 No.1
The objective of the study is to figure out the status of reproductive health and general characteristics related to maternal health for Korean-Americans living in Los Angeles. We collected data from the married women who wanted no more additional child birth and were attending the Family Planning Clinic of Koryo Health Foundation in Los Angeles during 1988. There were 494 women met the eligiblity requirement for this study. The results are summarized below. 1. In the age distribution of the women who desired no more additional child birth, women 30-34 age group constituted the largest proportion at 36.6 percent ; the mean age of women was 35.19±5.55. The mean number of child birth was 1.77, and the proportion of the women by number of child birth were 35.2 percent for one children, 50.1 percent for two children 10.5 percent for three children, and 2.6 percent for four children. All of the women experienced pregnancy at least once, and mean number of pregnancy was 3.42. The mean number of total experience of induced abortion was 1.56, and 76.7 percent of these women had experience with induced abortions. To prevent further pregnancies, 90.1 percent of the women were utilizing the contraceptive methods, and the highest proportion by the contraceptive methods was condoms(53.7%), 9.3 percent in spermicides, 8.7 percent in IUDs, 8.7 percent in rhythm method, and 6.9 percent in oral pills. 2. The mean age of women at each stage of reproductive life cycle were 14.74 years at time of menarche, 24.55 years at time of marriage, 26.60 years at time of the first child birth, and 28.75 years at time of the last child birth. In age distribution of the women by birth cohort (Group Ⅰ : birth cohort 1940-1954, Group Ⅱ : birth cohort 1955-1970), the mean menar-cheal age of the women was 14.96 years in group Ⅰ, and 14.53 years in group Ⅱ. Mean age at time of marriage was 25.01 years in group Ⅰ and 24.08 years in group Ⅱ. Mean child birth age of the women by birth cohort was 27.19 years in group Ⅰ and 26.01 years in Group Ⅱ for the first child birth and 30.07 years in group Ⅰ and 27.45 years in group Ⅱ for the last child birth. The total length of reproductive life cycle from menarche to menopause (presumed to be at 49 of age years) was 34.26 years. The len-gth of phase Ⅰ (from menarche to marriage) was 9.81 years, while phase Ⅱ (marriage to first birth) was 2.05 years, and phase Ⅲ (first birth to last birth) was 2.15 years, and the last phase of reproductive life cycle, phase Ⅳ (last birth to menopause) was 20.25 years. The proportion of each phase to total length of reproductive life cycle was 28.6 percent, 6.0 percent, 6.3 percent, and 59.1 percent respectively. In the tendency of each phase in reproductive life cycle by birth cohort (group Ⅰ, Ⅱ), the length of phase Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ of birth cohort group Ⅱ was diminished in comparison with those of birth cohort group Ⅰ, but the length of phase Ⅳ was extended by 2.38 years. 3. Among the women, the mean number of total pregnancy by birth cohort group was 2.01 in group Ⅰ and 1.10 in Group Ⅱ, and mean number of child birth was 1.97 in group Ⅰ and 1.58 in group Ⅱ. In terms of pregnancy was-tage rate by birth cohort group, among the total pregnacy of birth cohort group Ⅰ, 51.8 percent of the cases resulted in induced abortions or spontaneous abortions whils 48.2 percent resulted in live births, and 42.2 percent or total pregnancy in group Ⅱ resulted in pregnancy wastage and 57.8 percent of the cases resulted in live births.
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한국인(韓國人)의 주요사인(主要死因) 제거정도(除去程度)와 평균수명(平均壽命)에 관한 연구(硏究)
지기태 ( Kee Tea Chi ),김응익 ( Eung Ik Kim ) 한국보건사회연구원 1984 保健社會硏究 Vol.4 No.2
This study was conducted to examine potential gains in life expectancies when the three leading causes of death were partially or totally eliminated, based on the mortality situation during 1978-79 in Korea. It sought to ascertain what potential gains in longevity might be reasonably achieved through efforts to reduce mortality due to accidents and adverse effects, diseases of circulatory system and malignant neoplasms. In addition to the study seeks to determine how much of these potential gains can be expected during the total life span. The impressive gains theoretically achieved by total elimination do not hold up under the more realistic assumption of partial elimination or reduction. 1. Elimination of selected risks of death The potential gains in life expectancy at birth by the complete elimination are 4.27 years in male population and 4.34 years in female population. If it were possible to eliminate accidents and adverse effects as a cause of death the average length of life at birth would be increased by 2.16 years in male population and 1.40 years in female population according to mortality condition during 1978-79. The human life wasted by malignant neoplasms is estimated to be 1.89 years at ago 0 in male population and 1.72 years in female population. 2. Reduction in selected risk of death The life expectancy of a new-born child by 30 percent reduction in selected risks of death in male and female population respectively would be increased 1.09 years and 1.14 years in diseases of circulatory system, 0.63 years and 0.42 years for accidents and adverse effects, and 0.53 years and 0.50 years for malignant neoplasms. When the mortality rate for the causes of death being eliminated is relatively small, the increase in expectation of life is approximately a linear function of the proportion eliminated. In spite of the known limitation of multiple-decrement life table analysis the findings from this study have implications for practical decision making in setting up health goals, allocating resources and evaluating health programs.
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박상화(Sang-Hwa Park),김응익(Eung-Ik Kim) 한국인구학회 1996 한국인구학 Vol.19 No.2
출생성비는 재생산 양상, 자연도태 및 변이 양상과 인구구조의 변동과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다. 최근 한국 및 동아시아에서 출생성비의 불균형과 관련한 문제가 대두되고 있고 향후 파급효과에 대한 사항도 지적된 바 있다. 본 연구는 한국의 출생성비의 증가추세를 시계열적으로 분석하고 향후 성비추이를 분석해 봄으로써 인구정책에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 연구자료는 인구동태 통계(1980~1994)를 기초자료로 활용하였다. 출생신고 전에 사망한 출생아의 사망은 한국 현실을 감안해 볼 때 거의 누락되기 때문에 본 연구에서는 이 부분은 제외하고 출생성비를 분석하였다. 출생성비는 1980년 103.9에서 1994년 115.4로 증가추세를 나타낸다. 월별 출생성비는 1월이 가장 높았고 3월이 가장 낮았다. 각 연도 평균성비를 기준으로 한 월별 출생성비의 변동폭은 최근에 올수록 월별 출생변동폭이 점차 감소하는 추세였고 변동폭이 가장 큰 시점은 1989년 12월(-16.7), 1990년 1월(+20.61)이었다. 출생성비의 회귀식은 Y(성비) = 103.39 + 0.064(시간) + 4.808(1월) + …… + 0790(11월)였다(R² = 0.615, P<0.001) 출생성비는 1995년 116.9,2000년에는 120.86으로 추정되었다. 이러한 출생성비의 증가요인으로서 성감별에 따른 선택적 인공임신중절이 가장 중요한 영향인자로 대두되고 있으나, 다른 요인도 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. 예를 들어서 태아사망, 주산기 및 신생아 사망률의 저하에 따른 성별 사망력의 차이 요인, 출생아의 출생순위별 분포의 변화, 결혼 후 첫 출산 간격의 단축, 이상자녀수의 감소로 인한 합계출산율의 저하 및 남아 1자녀 출산 후 단산을 원하는 비율의 변화 등이다. 따라서 출생성비 증가요인의 체계적 분석을 위해서는 성비에 영향을 주는 인자를 고려한 포괄적 접근방법이 요구된다. The objective of this study was to analyze the trend of sex ratio at birth from the vital statistics of National Statistical Offices during 15 years(1980~1994). The total of registered birth during the period were 10, 770, 756 cases. The trend of sex ratio at birth increased from 103.9 in 1980 to 115.4 in 1994. Seasonality of sex ratio was higher in January and lower in March. The variation between yearly mean sex ratio and calendar month sex ratio showed a slight decline from 1980 to 1994. The regression analysis showed a statistically significant linear trend : Sex ratio = 103.39+0.064(time)+4.808(January)+……+0.790(November) ; (R²= 0.615, P < 0.001). The sex ratio was estimated to be 116.9 in 1995 and 120.86 in 2000, according to the equation. In Korea in recent years, male live births bave exceeded those of females by amounts far greater than those that occur naturally in human population. This imbalance of sex ratio may plausibly be attributed to sex selective abortion and other factors; decreasing early mortality rate, higher proportion of first birth order in total births, shorther period between marriage and first birth, and lower total fertility rate.
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