다양한 냉·해동 방법을 사용한 냉동 밀키트 무채 제조 및 품질특성 관찰

김두리(Duri Kim),남정현(Jung-Hyun Nam),현지용(Ji-Yong Hyun),김창숙(Chang-Sook Kim),천지연(Ji-Yeon Chun) 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.51 No.5

본 연구는 밀키트 무채 제조를 위한 무의 최적 냉동 및 해동 분석 조건을 확립하기 위해 다양한 냉동 및 해동 방법에 따른 무의 이화학적 및 영양학적 특성을 비교하였다. 일반냉동(CF-20°C), -25°C 강제송풍냉동, -35°C 강제송풍냉동으로 중심부가 -20°C가 될 때까지 냉동한 후 냉장 해동, 상온 해동, 유수 해동을 이용하여 중심부의 온도가 4°C가 될 때까지 해동하였다. 강제송풍냉동을 사용할 경우 일반냉동에 비해 냉동 소요시간이 약 10배 감소했으며 해동은 유수 해동, 상온 해동, 냉장 해동 순으로 빠르게 일어났다. 냉·해동 후 L<SUP>*</SUP>값과 a<SUP>*</SUP>값은 전체적으로 낮아졌으며 ΔE의 최솟값이 12 이상으로 냉해동 후 색 변화가 일어난 것을 알 수 있다. pH는 일반냉동(-20°C)이 6.43~6.65로 가장 큰 변화를 보였다. 가용성 고형분(°Brix)은 수분함량이 감소하면서 전체적으로 증가했고 수분함량은 냉·해동 후 감소했지만, 그 차이는 미미한 수준이라고 판단된다. 해동 감량은 냉동 방법에 의한 변화가 더 두드러지게 나타났으며 냉동속도가 빠를수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 이에 따라 -35°C 강제송풍냉동이 높은 경도를 나타냈고 냉장 해동이 다른 해동에 비해 경도가 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 영양성분 분석 결과 비타민 C, 총페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 모두 냉・해동 전 무보다 전체적으로 감소했으며 냉장 해동이 다른 해동 방법에 비해 변화폭이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 냉·해동 후 무의 미생물수는 냉·해동 전과 유의적 차이가 없었으며 모든 처리구가 식중독으로부터 안전한 범위인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 전자주사현미경 측정 결과 냉・해동 속도가 빠를수록 기공이 작고 세포벽을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. -35°C 강제송풍 냉동한 후 해동 방법을 달리한 무를 이용해 무채를 제조한 후 관능검사를 실행한 결과, 원물을 사용했을 때 조직감(아삭아삭한 정도, 질긴 정도, 씹힘성), 유수 해동했을 때 시각적 특성(외관, 색), 냉장 해동했을 때 맛(단맛, 짠맛, 쓴맛, 매운맛)에서 높은 기호도를 나타내었다. 전체적으로 냉동온도가 낮고 냉동속도가 빠를수록 품질이 우수했으며 해동 방법도 마찬가지로 속도가 빠를수록 냉동 전 무와 품질 차이가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구 결과 -35°C 강제송풍냉동과 유수 해동을 적용하는 것이 냉동 무채 제품 제조에 효과적일 것으로 판단되며, 식품 종류에 따라 중요시되는 품질특성을 고려하여 적절한 냉동 및 해동 조건을 설정하여 식품 가공공정에 이용할 수 있다고 생각된다. This study was conducted to find the optimal freezing and thawing conditions for shredded radish (0.5×0.5×5 cm), which was frozen by conventional slow freezing (−25°C), or individual quick freezing (air blast freezing, −25°C, and −35°C). The frozen shredded radish was thawed using natural air convection thawing (25°C), running water thawing (18°C), and refrigeration thawing (4°C). The freezing and thawing were stopped when the core temperature reached −20°C and 4°C, respectively. The freezing time for air-blast freezing (7 min) was faster than conventional slow freezing, and the thawing time was faster in the order of running water thawing, natural air convection thawing, and refrigeration thawing. The pH of the radish increased after freezing and thawing. But no consistent trend of pH or °Brix as per the variance in thawing conditions was observed. Moreover, there was no significant difference seen in the moisture content. The thawing loss was affected by thawing rather than freezing. The hardness of the radish decreased after being subjected to all the freezing and thawing conditions. However, air blast freezing (−35°C) was most similar to the raw radish. The nutritional aspects of the air blast freezing (−35°C) and running water thawing samples were most similar to that of the raw radish (vitamin C contents, antioxidant activity, and total phenol contents). The sensory attributes of texture, visual form, and taste showed high scores in the raw material, running water thawing, and refrigeration thawing samples, respectively. It was observed from these results that the thawing conditions had a greater effect on radish qualities than the freezing conditions. Also, based on these results, we recommend that a combination of air blast freezing (−35°C) and running water thawing (18°C) could maintain the quality of shredded radish.

국제학술회의 개최 일정 안내 및 국제학회지 주요기사

김두기(Dookie Kim) 한국콘크리트학회 2009 콘크리트학회지 Vol.21 No.3

면진교량의 지진위험도 평가

김두기 ( Kim Doo Kie ),서형렬 ( Seo Hyeong Yeol ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2005 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

This study presents the seismic risk assesment for an extradosed bridge with seismic isolators of lead rubber bearings(LRB). First, the seismic vulnerability of a structure and then the seismic hazard of the site are evaluated using earthquake data set and seismic hazard map in Korea, and the seismic risk of the structure is assessed. The nonlinear seismic analyses to consider plastic hinges of bridge columns are performed, and nonlinear characteristics of soil are included. The ductility demand is adopted to describe the nonlinear behavior of a column, and the moment-curvature curve of a column is assumed to be bilinear hysterestic. The fragility curves are represented as a lognormal distribution function for colum damage, movement of superstructure, and cable yielding. And seismic hazard is estimated using the available seismic hazard maps. The results show that the effectiveness of the columns is more noticeable than those of cables and girders, in seismic isolated extradosed bridges under earthquakes.

노인의 주관적 기억장애로 인한 건망증 경험 분석

김두리(Doo Ree Kim),김광환(Kwang-Hwan Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.8

본 연구는 주관적 기억장애를 호소하는 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 스스로 경험하는 깜빡 잊어버리는 건망증에 대한 경험을 분석하기 위한 포커스그룹 면담을 적용한 질적연구이다. 본 연구 대상자는 D시의 일개 노인복지관에서 인지기능향상 프로그램에 참여하는 65세 이상 노인 남녀 10명을 대상으로 수행하였다. 연구대상자는 주관적 기억장애를 호소하며, 건망증을 경험한 노인으로 자신의 의사표현을 자유롭게 잘 할 수 있는 노인으로 하였으며, 총 3-4명 씩 3그룹으로 나누어 진행하였고 각 그룹 당 40~60분의 면담을 진행하였다. 본 연구 결과 ‘인간관계에서의 곤란함’, ‘일상생활에서의 불편감/안전위험성 노출’, ‘표현할 수 없는 양가감정’, ‘건망증을 이겨내기 위한 가족의 노력’, ‘자신만의 건망증 예방노하우’ 5개의 주제어가 도출되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 주관적 기억장애를 호소하는 노인들은 치매가 아닌 것에 대한 안도감과 치매로의 이환에 대한 불안감을 동시에 가지고 있었고, 건망증을 스스로 이겨내기 위한 각자의 방법을 수행하고 있었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 추후, 주관적 기억장애를 호소하는 노인들의 각자의 방법과 요구도를 반영한 기억력 향상 중재개발이 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다. This qualitative study employed focused group interviews to collect data on the forgetfulness experienced by elderly persons (over the age of 65) who suffer with subjective memory impairment. The participants were ten elderly persons who participated in the cognitive function improvement program at an elderly welfare center in D city. They were divided into three groups that were comprised of three/four people each, and each group was interviewed for 40~60 minutes. The results showed that "difficulties in human relations", "feeling uncomfortable in daily life", "exposure to a safety risk", "inexpressible ambivalence" and "family effort to overcome forgetfulness" were all expressed in the interviews. The elderly who participated in this study and who complained of subjective memory impairment had both feelings of anxiety and anxiety about non-dementia, and they were making efforts to overcome forgetfulness themselves. Based on this study, we suggest that interventions should be developed that reflect the individual needs of elderly people with subjective memory impairment.

치매안심센터를 이용하는 지역사회 노인들의 가상현실기반 뇌채움 인지훈련이 인지기능에 미치는 효과

김두리(Kim Du-Ri),김권민(Kim Gwon-Min),송승환(Song Seung Hwan),허업(Huh Up),장재혁(Chang Jae-Hyeok),탁영진(Tak Young-Jin),박종환(Park Jong-Hwan) 고령자치매작업치료학회 2020 고령자.치매작업치료학회지 Vol.14 No.2

목적: 본 연구는 치매안심센터를 이용하는 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 가상현실기반 뇌채움 인지훈련이 인지기능에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법: 치매안심센터를 이용하는 지역사회 노인 10명을 대상으로 주 2회 12주간, 회당 50분씩 가상현실기반 뇌채움 인지훈련을 시행하였다. 인지기능의 효과를 알아보기 위해 중재 전과 후의 Korean Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE), Korean Version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment(K-MOCA), Digit Span Test(DST), Controlled Oral Word Association Test(COWAT), Digit Symbol Coding(DSC), Korean-Color Word Stroop Test(K-CWST) 평가를 시행하였다. 연구결과: 가상현실기반 뇌채움 인지훈련 중재 전과 후의 인지기능을 비교한 결과 K-MMSE(P=.019)와 Stroop Word(P=.011) 평가에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 나타났다. 결론: 가상현실기반 뇌채움 인지훈련은 지역사회 노인들에게 실제와 같은 일상생활활동의 훈련 환경을 조성하여 가상현실이라는 공간에서 만족감을 얻어 경험하고 행동할 수 있게 한다. 또한, 재미와 흥미 유발을 통한 집중력 증진이 치매예방 및 인지기능 향상에 도움을 주어 치매안심센터를 이용하는 지역사회 노인들에게 적절한 중재 프로그램으로써 적용해볼 수 있다. Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of virtual reality-based cognitive training on elderly adults in the community who use dementia care center. Methods : The subjects were 10 elderly adults in the community who use the dementia care center were provided with virtual reality-based cognitive training twice a week for 12 weeks, 50 minutes per session. To identify the effects of cognitive functioning was evaluated before and after the intervention for comparison using the K-MMSE, K-MOCA, DST, COWAT, DSC, K-CWST. Results : A comparison of changes in cognitive function before and after intervention of the virtual reality-based cognitive training, improved statistically significant in K-MMSE score(P=.019) and Stroop Word score(P=.011). Conclusion : Virtual reality-based cognitive training allows elderly adults in the community to experience and act with satisfaction in the space of virtual reality by creating a training environment for daily living activities like real life. It also suggests that the enhancement of concentration through the inducement of fun and interest can help prevent dementia and improve cognitive functions, which can be applied as an appropriate intervention program for elderly adults in the community who use the dementia care center.

C. parvum oocyst Log Inactivation을 고려한 오존접촉조 설계시 수리학적 특성의 영향에 관한 연구

김두일 ( Doo Il Kim ),현인환 ( In Hwan Hyun ),남해욱 ( Hae Wook Nam ),김관엽 ( Gwan Yeop Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2011 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-

국제소식

김두기(Dookie Kim) 한국콘크리트학회 2010 콘크리트학회지 Vol.22 No.3

일개 노인복지관을 이용하는 노인의 사회참여에 대한 태도, 사회적관계지지망, 노인역량이 노인차별경험에 미치는 영향요인

김두리(Kim, doo ree),류주희(Ryu, joo hee),문효원(Moon, hyo won),민수현(Min, soo hyun),박신숙(Park, sin sook),이기란(Lee, gi ran) 한국노인복지학회 2019 한국노인복지학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

본 연구에서는는 고령화 사회를 살아가는 노인 스스로가 느끼는 노인차별경험에 대해 알아보고, 노인차별에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하여 노인의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구는 D시의 일개 복지관을 이용하는 노인을 대상으로 노인차별경험에 대한 영향요인을 알아보기 위한 서술적 상관관계 조사연구이다. 자료수집을 위해 만 65세 이상 노인 217명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 각 변수간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 노인차별경험은 사회참여태도(r=-.160, p=.019), 자녀관계지지(r=-.150, p=.030)에서 부적인 상관관계를 보였다. 노인차별경험에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성별(β=-.25, p<.001), 직업(β=.18, p=.011), 스마트폰 사용(β=.13, p=.049), 자녀관계지지(β=-.17, p=.021)가 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 영향요인 변수들의 노인차별경험에 대한 설명력은 15.4%이었다.

외식사업 경영자의 경영마인드 분석 : 외식사업 경영관리를 중심으로

김두라(Doo Ra Kim) 한국외식경영학회 2000 외식경영연구 Vol.3 No.1

This study was intended to analyze the career consciousness and business management of foodservice business managers. As a result, the following findings were obtained: As for the method of opening the foodservice store as the part of career consciousness, most of the respondents showed that they themselves planned and established the business item. Seeing that the proportion of satisfaction for and worry about the present situation of business based on sales was almost similar, the phenomenon of polarization was continuing. As for career, 83.8% of the respondents were satisfied and had the bright vision of the prospect for business in expectation that they would run the expanded store in the future than they did at present. The respondents with the longer period of service took greater pride on their foodservice business and wanted to hand it over to their children as the family occupation. They cited the attractive advantage of foodservice business that can be run on the manager's will. As for the prospect for foodservice business, many respondents thought that the law of survival of the fittest would prevail and only the competitive store would survive as competition become more intense. They thought that the highest priority should be given to differentiated marketing to survive the competitive environment. As for business management, they thought of taste and service as the most important factors in restaurant management and employee management (manpower shortage) as the most difficult factor in the process of business management.. As for the recipe for the successful restaurant, taste and service were regarded as the important and essential factors because they scored the first. It was found that the greatest investment made in the process of business operation was in facility and interior decoration rather than employee education and product R &D. This directly indicates the form of management that foodservice managers attached importance to external appearance. Management information was the method most used in benchmarking, and the internal education of the store was most used as employee education. It was found that foodservice business reinforced employee welfare and mostly introduced economic guarantee for employees as the scheme to prevent their turnover and promote their long service. As shown above, it was found that foodservice business managers took pride on their career and much expected their business to be successful. They were conscious that the manager s own efforts along with a shift in social thinking was an important factor for the successful business. And they thought it important to be most faithful to the basic part of foodservice business such as taste and service. It was found that they were making efforts to introduce effective business management techniques through human, material and information resource planning and its implementation.

상용치료원 보유가 의료기관 종별 선택에 미치는 영향: 대형병원 환자집중현상 완화방안을 중심으로

김두리 ( Doo Ri Kim ) 한국보건행정학회 2016 보건행정학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Background: Concentration of patients to large hospitals is serious problem in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to propose appropriate policy direction to relieve concentration of patients to large hospitals. It is focused on evaluation of the possibility of family doctor system as a policy alternative to relieve concentration of patients to large hospital by empirically analyzing the effect of usual source of care (USC) on large hospitals medical care use. Methods: Korea Health Panel conducted 2009, 2012, 2013 by KIHASA (Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs) and NHIS (National Health Insurance Service) was used for analysis. For dependent variables, first, the ratio of the amount of using large hospital to total amount of using medical care, and second, the amount of using large hospital are estimated. Independent variables are having an USC and type of USC. Panel analysis was done with above variables. Results: Main results are as follows. First, having an USC increases using large hospital. Second, having a domestic clinic type USC decreases using large hospital and ratio of using large hospital. Third, the effect of domestic clinic type USC is greater in older group, less income group, worse health status group, not having private insurance group, and having chronic disease group. Conclusion: These results show that family doctor program can be a policy alternative to relieve concentration of patients to large hospital. Nonetheless, primary care system in Korea is unsatisfied. It is recommended to reinforce primary care system and family doctor system to relieve concentration of patients to large hospitals.