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다중셀 환경에서 OFDMA/CDM 기반 셀룰라 시스템의 성능 개선
김덕경,류제훈,정부섭,Kim, Duk-Kyung,Ryu, Je-Hun,Jeong, Bu-Seop 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.7a
본 논문에서는 사용자를 주파수로 구분하고 데이터를 주파수 영역 확산으로 다중화하는 OFDMA/CDM 기반 셀룰라 시스템을 제안하다. 셀 구분을 위해 랜덤코드를 이용하며, 시스템 성능 향상을 위하여 전치등화를 적용한다. 송신전력이 제한된 다중셀 환경에 적합한 전치등화 방법과 효율적인 전력할당 방식을 제안한다. 다중셀 환경에서 각 등화방법 및 전력할당 방식에 따른 성능을 분석하곤 특히 셀 중심으로부터의 거리에 따른 성능 변화, 다중화 데이터 개수에 따른 성능 분석을 통괘 다중셀 환검 적용 타당성을 분석한다. 끝으로 시간지연에 따른 성능저하를 전치와 후치 등화를 모두 사용한 전/후치등화를 적용하여 줄일 수 있음을 보인다. In this paper, we propose an OFDMA/CDM-based cellular system, which accommodates multiple users in frequency-domain and multiplexes user data with frequency-domain spreading. The proposed system utilizes random codes to discriminate cells and adopts the pre-equalization to enhance the performance. For cellular applications, a number of pre-equalization techniques are compared and an efficient power allocation scheme is suggested with a transmit power constraint. Especially, the validity of OFDMA/CDM based cellular system is investigated, by comparing the performance for varying the number of multiplexed data symbols at different locations. Finally the pre/post-equalization is proposed to reduce the performance degradation caused by time delay.
복부 가스괴저 환자의 마취 유도 과정에서 발생한 심정지 -증례보고
김덕경 ( Duk Kyung Kim ),김성협 ( Seong Hyop Kim ),윤태균 ( Tae Gyoon Yoon ),장성환 ( Sung Whwan Jang ),이준희 ( Jun Hee Yi ),주영 ( Young Joo ) 대한마취과학회 2009 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.57 No.1
We report here on a fatal case of abdominal gas gangrene. Two days after gastrectomy, a 56-year-old man presented with intractable abdominal pain and fever of a sudden onset, which quickly progressed over several hours to septic shock. Despite of the unexplained gas collections in the abdominal muscle, fascia, and subcutaneous layers on computed tomography scan, its clinical significance was overlooked. Emergency laparotomy was initially scheduled because of concern that there may have been a perforated viscus. At the time of monitoring for the anesthesia, we noticed marbled skin discoloration and the subcutaneous emphysema had spread on his flank. Shortly after the initial suspicion of gas gangrene, cardiac arrest developed during the arterial line cannulation. Despite prompt resuscitation measures, including the administration of catecholamines and the application of extracoporeal membrane oxygenation, he eventually died. Anesthesiologists need to understand this fulminant disease because extensive debridement under general anesthesia is essential for the treatment of abdominal gas gangrene. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2009; 57: 127~31)
임상연구 : Desflurane 흡입 마취가 Sevoflurane과 달리 수술 후 장관 기능의 회복을 지연시키는가?
김덕경 ( Duk Kyung Kim ),김혜경 ( Hae Kyoung Kim ),우남식 ( Nam Sik Woo ),김태엽 ( Tae Yop Kim ),권원경 ( Won Kyoung Kwon ),김양렬 ( Yang Lyoul Kim ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.52 No.6
Background: Sympathetic nervous hyperactivity presents in response to surgical stress has been implicated as an important component of postoperative ileus. Because desflurane induces sympathetic activation, the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on the recovery of bowel function were compared. Methods: Forty patients undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy were randomly assigned to receive either sevoflurane (Group S, n = 20) or desflurane (Group D, n = 20). The anesthetic, operative, and postoperative pain managements were standardized. The CRP (C-reactive protein), total leukocyte count, and ratio of the neutrophil to leukocyte counts were measured preoperatively and 12 hours postoperatively. The mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate, and end-tidal anesthetic concentration were measured at 10-min intervals during the surgery. The degree of postoperative pain, 11-graded surgical difficulty score, time to the first passage of flatus and first oral intake of clear fluid, as well as the postoperative hospital stay were also evaluated. Results: Finally, 16 and 17 subjects in Groups S and D were included the analyses. There were no significant differences in the MABP, heart rate, and end-tidal anesthetic concentration between the two groups. The clinical and laboratory parameters related to the severities of inflammation and surgical trauma were similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in the times to the first passage of flatus and first oral intake of clear fluid and the postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusions: Although desflurane induces sympathetic activation, unlike sevoflurane, it does not delay the return of bowel function following a laparoscopic appendectomy. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 52: 630~6)
김덕경(Duk Kyung Kim),장인성(In Sung Jang) 한국체육교육학회 2002 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.7 No.3
The main purpose of this study was to determine if similarity of task and practice schedule influenced upon motor learning in children. Fourty right handed subjects were randomly assigned to one of four(n=10) experimental conditions in 2×2(task similarity×practice schedule) between subject factorial design. All groups received five acquisition blocks consisting of nine trials per block. Following 45 acquisition trials, subjects performed 9 transfer trials. The results of the study found tat a group of high similarity-random practice obtained better performance than other three groups, but not significant statistically.
증례보고 : 원발성 신부전이 동반된 간부전 환자의 간이식술의 마취 관리
김덕경 ( Duk Kyung Kim ),김혜경 ( Hae Kyoung Kim ),김태엽 ( Tae Yop Kim ),임정애 ( Jeong Ae Lim ),김양렬 ( Yang Lyoul Kim ),장성환 ( Sung Whan Jang ) 대한마취과학회 2007 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.53 No.4
Renal failure frequently accompanies advanced hepatic failure. Even if adequate renal function is not considered as a prerequisite for transplant candidacy, impaired renal function prior to liver transplantation has been regarded as an independent risk factor of graft dysfunction and mortality. Liver transplantation in such a patient also presents a number of challenges to the anesthesiologists. Optimal fluid therapy, prompt and aggressive correction of electrolytes and metabolic disturbances, careful selection of anesthetic techniques and agents, and close monitoring of cardio-respiratory function help reduce the graft failure and perioperative mortality. In such cases, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is used with increasing frequency during or after the surgery. So, anesthesiologists need to understand the basic principles, potential applications, and anesthetic implications of several CRRT options. We therefore present the anesthetic experience in a patient with hepatic failure combined with primary renal failure, successfully managed during or after liver transplantation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 547∼553)
Testis - specific transcripts in the chicken
김덕경(Duk Kyung Kim) 한국가금학회 2005 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.22 No.-
본 연구에서는 닭의 정소 및 정자에 대한 기능 유전체 연구를 위한 자원을 확보할 수 있도록 정소 특이적 유전자로 예상되는 후보 염기서열을 분석하였다. TIGR Gallus gallus Gene Index 상의 데이터베이스에서 닭의 정소에서만 나타나는 것으로 공개된 EST 염기서열을 검색하여 나온 총 292개의 서열을 선택하였으며, 이와 같이 선별된 서열들에 대하여 닭의 정소와 난소를 포함한 다양한 조직에서 전사체의 발현을 검증하였다. 결과에서, 총 292개의 염기서열 중 110개가 정소 특이적인 발현을 나타내었다. Tentative consensus sequence (TC) 상에서 집합된 EST의 수와 정소 특이적으로 발현하는 TCs의 수 사이의 상관관계는 발견되지 않았다. Gene Ontology 데이터베이스 용어를 이용하여 분류한 결과에서는 정소특이적인 TC는 닭의 전체 TC를 분류한 것과 비교하면 catalytic activity (Molecular Functionbranch)의 카테고리에 많은 수의 TC가 포함된 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 닭의 정소특이적 유전자에 대한 연구와 그 기능 분석을 보다 더욱 촉진시킬 수 있을 것이다. Sequences of candidate chicken testis-specific genes were analyzed in order to develop a resource for functional genomic studies of the testis and male germ cells. Tentative consensus sequences (TCs) containing ESTs expressed in testis libraries only were selected from the TIGR Gallus gallus Gene Index, resulting in a total of 292 TCs. The transcriptional expression of these genes were evaluated in a variety of chicken tissues, including testis and ovary. Of the panel of 292 TCs, 110 were expressed in a testis-specific manner. The correlation between the number of ESTs assembled into each TC and the number of testis-specific TCs was not significant. Annotation of the TCs using the Gene Ontology database terms showed that the proportion of testis-specific TCs that were classified as having catalytic activity (within the Molecular Function branch) was larger than the proportion of total chicken TCs classified in the same way. Our results might facilitate the investigation of testis-specific genes and their functional analysis in the chicken, as well as in other avian species.