SGML을 이용한 특허정보처리 연구

권영숙,Kwon, Young-Sook 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 1999 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.30 No.3

A description of SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language) is given together with a detailed description of WIPO Standard ST.32. The benefits of the use of SGML are highlighted-its system Independence and flexibility in building publication systems and full-text databases. A structure of WIPO Standard ST,32 based patent content is defined by DTD(document type definition) written in ST.32, and full-text itself is described with generalized markup depending on DTD. This article explains how to represent a document structure : a hierarchy structure like a entire document, a specific, sub-document, a paragraph, or non-hirarchy structure like a table drawings, or chemical structures. Merits of SGML In patent document processing are also discussed. SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language)의 디스크립션은 WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization) Standard ST.32의 디스크립션과 더불어 자세히 기술되고있다. SGML의 이용에 대한 이점이 강조되고 있으며, 그것은 시스템 독립적이며 특허출판 및 전문 데이터베이스구축에 타당성이 있다는 것이다. WIPO Standard ST.32를 적용한 특허문헌의 내용구조는 ST.32에 따라 작성한 DTD로 표현하고 텍스트 자체는 DTD에 따른 범용 마크업을 사용하여 기술한다. 본고에서는 전체문헌, 특정 서브문서, 문단 등의 계층구조와 표, 도면, 화학구조식 등의 비계층구조로 되어 있는 문서구조를 어떻게 표현하는가에 대하여 예를들어 설명하였다. 그리고 특허 문헌처리에서 SGML의 효과에 대하여 논의하였다.

종합병원 간호사의 요통발생 실태와 관련요인

권영숙,김정남,Kwon, Young-Sook,Kim, Chung-Nam 한국지역사회간호학회 1996 지역사회간호학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of the survey was to find out the prevalence rate and related factors for low back pain of nurses and to develop educational program for prevention of the low back pain. The subjects of the survey were 593 nurses of general hospitals in Tae-gu City. The survey was conducted from June 10, 1994 to October 3, 1994. The questionnaire included 34 question items concerning general characteristics, factors related to low back pain, physical nursing activities, and characteristics of low back pain. The results were as follows : 1. Among 593 of subjects, the prevalence rate of low back pain showed 62.1%. 2. In relation of health related life activities and low back pain prevalence, self-reported health state was highly significant(P=.000). 3. In relation of work environmental factors and low back pain prevalence, job satisfaction (P=.026), job stress(P=.020), and workload(P=.002) were significant. 4. In relation of physical nursing activities and low back pain prevalence, bending (P=.000), trunk twisting(P=.003), stretching(P=.006), and pulling and pushing(P=.046) were significant. 5. Physical nursing activities inducing back stress was varicant according to wards. The results of this study pointed out that the subjects' low back pain prevalence was related to the work-related physiologic and psychologic factors. Therefore, for the effective prevention of low back pain, both practicing the body mechanics and raising the morale of the nurses are needed in educational program.

라미네이트 도재 수복물의 연마 방법에 따른 표면 거칠기의 비교

권영숙,이근우,Kwon, Young-Sook,Lee, Keun-Woo 대한치과보철학회 1996 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.34 No.2

After adjusting glazed surface of laminate veneer porcelain by reduction in the clinical procedure, an additional polishing procedure is required to smoothen the roughened surface by reduction, as it is difficult to glaze it again in the furnace. In this study, four kinds of laminate veneer porcelain were ground with diamond points as done in the clinical procedure. The adjusted porcelain surface was polished with Durawhite stone, Ceramiste points, Exa cerapol, Porcelain polishing wheel, Diamond polishing paste. The degree of surface roughness was evaluated with SEM and profilometer at each step, The self glazed surface and the glazed surface with glazing powder were compared with the polished surface and surface roughness of four kinds of laminate veneer porcelain according to the polishing method and step were obserbed. The following results were obtained : 1. There was no difference in the average surface roughness Ra value and the surface roughness obserbed under SEM according to the polishing methods and steps used, among the four kinds of laminate veneer porcelain including Colorlogic, Exelco, Vintage, and Vitadur alpha product. 2. Due to porosities, the surface in the course of polishing by polishing instruments was rougher than the glazed surface, evaluated with a SEM. 3. Insta-Glaze diamond polishing paste has no statistical difference with self glazed group 1, although it has a lower value in average surface roughness Ra value. 4. Group 2 which was glazed with galzing powder was lowest in view of SEM, but it revealed higher surface roughness Ra value than group 1, the glazed surface and group 8, polished by diamond polishing paste, due to surface waveness. 5. Proper surface smoothness could not be in the surface roughness analysis of SEM and profilometer by Shofu laminate polishing kit composed of Diamond point, Durawhite stone and Ceramiste points. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn. We obtain low surface roughness than glazed surface by polishing instruments, but not perfect results clinically. In order to obtain a perfect clinical result or a surface smoothness comparable to glazed porcelain there is a need for further improvement of porcelain materials, condensa-tion techniques, polishing instruments and polishing methods. Furthermore card should be taken not to breakdown the glazed surface during the clinical and laboratory procedure.

골유착성 임플랜트 지지 고정성 보철물과 자연치의 최대교합력 비교

권영숙,황선홍,한동후,Kwon Young-Sook,Hwang Sun-Hong,Han Dong-Hoo 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum occlusal force implant prostheses to natural teeth. Material and Method: Fifty nine patients treated either with $Br{\aa}anemark$ implants and ITI implants during the recent ten years were involved in this study. The maximum occlusal force were measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. Results: 1. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses and natural teeth were not significantly different where measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system. 2. The maximum occlusal forces were not significantly different between $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant and ITI implant prostheses. 3. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses had lower when compared with natural teeth during 1-6 months functional periods when measured with the unilareral bite force recorder(P<0.05) and 1-12 months functional periods when measured with the dental prescale system(P<0.05). After these periods there was not statistical significant difference between the implant prostheses and natural teeth. 4. The maximum occlusal forces of the wide diameter implant prostheses were higher than the maximum occlusal forces of the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with dental prescale system(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the wide diameter and the regular diameter implant prostheses when measured with unilateral bite force recorder. 5. The maximum occlusal forces of the single implant prostheses were not significantly different with the splinting implants prostheses. 6. The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different by age and sex. 7. There was significantly different between maximum occlusal forces measured with unilateral bite force recorder and dental prescale system(P<0.0001) but there was positive correlation(r=0.52. P<0.05). Conclusion: The maximum occlusal forces of the implant prostheses were not significantly different to natural teeth during clenching and unilateral maximum biting.

간호대학생의 병원감염 예방행위에 대한 인지도와 실천도 - 대구ㆍ경북을 중심으로 -

권영숙(Kwon Young Sook),김영아(Kim Yeong Ah) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2004 계명간호과학 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose: This study was aimed for investigating recognition and performance level of the nursing student for the prevention of nosocomial infection and providing information for development of effective education program. Method: The subjects of the study were 167 senior nursing students. Reliability of recognition level was Cronbach' α=.9593 and reliability of performance level was Cronbach' α=.9574. Result: 1) The mean score of recognition level, the category of disinfection equipment management get the highest record, and followed by respiratory tract infection management, hand washing, personal hygiene management, urinary tract infection management and fluid therapy & catheter management. The mean score of performance level, the category of urinary tract infection management get the highest record, and followed by personal hygiene management, disinfection equipment management, hand washing, respiratory tract infection management, and fluid therapy & catheter management. 2) In all categories, recognition level are higher than performance level and There was positive correlation. 3) Recognition level was significant between college students and junior college students, performance level wasn't significant. Recognition level was significant for nosocomial infection related education experience. Conclusion: I suggest the study to generalize result more subjects with objective tool and the development an effective education program, prevention of nosocomial infection related.

한국 임금근로자의 우울과 관련된 융복합적 요인 : 성별 차이를 중심으로

권영숙(Young-Sook Kwon) 한국응용과학기술학회 (구.한국유화학회) 2021 한국응용과학기술학회지 Vol.38 No.4

본 연구는 남녀 임금근로자의 우울 유병률과 우울 관련 융복합적 요인의 규명을 위해 시행되었 다. 2014년, 2016년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 19세 이상 65세 미만 성인 3,763명(남성 1,888명, 여성 1,875)을 대상으로 분석하였다. 우울은 Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)으로 측정하였으며 전체 근로자의 우울(PHQ-9≥10)은 4.1%(남성 3.2%, 여성 5.0%)로 나타났다. 남녀 근로자의 우울 영향 요인을 평가하기 위해 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 남성 근로자에서 일 관련 특성인 고용 유형, 주당 근로시간은 인구사회학적 특성, 건강 관련 특성, 생활습관 특성을 보정한 후에도 우울과 유의한 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 여성 근로자에서 일 관련 특성은 유의한 관련을 보이지 않아 남성과 차이를 보였다. 그러므로 우울 위험 요인의 성별 특성을 고려한 직장 내 상담 또는 정신건강 증진 프로그램을 개발, 수행할 필요가 있다. 또한 남녀 모두 건강 관련 특성(우울증 진단 여부, 자살 계획 여부, 스트레스 인지 수준, 미충족 의료서비스 여부, 주관적 건강상태)이 우울과 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났으므로 이들 요인에 대한 지속적인 관리가 요구된다. This research was conducted to investigate the prevalence of depression and convergent factors related to depression in male and female wage workers. Using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 3,763 adults (1,888 males, 1,875 females) between the ages of 19 and under 65 were analyzed. Depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the depression (PHQ-9≥10) of all workers was 4.1% (3.2% for men, 5.0% for women). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the depressive factors of male and female wage workers. In male workers, work-related characteristics such as employment type and working hours per week were found to be significantly related to depression even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, and life style characteristics. However, in female workers, work-related characteristics did not expose a significant relationship, showing a difference from male workers. Therefore it is necessary to develop and implement workplace counselling or mental health promotion programs that take into account the gender characteristics of depression risk factors. Also, as health-related characteristics (diagnosis of depression, suicide plan, perceived stress level, unmet medical services, self-rated health status) were found to be related to depression for both male and female workers, continuous management of these factors is required.

요실금과 관련된 국내 간호연구 분석

권영숙(Kwon Young Sook),김태희(Kim Tae Hee) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2004 계명간호과학 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to analyze the trends of research and to suggest future direction of research on urinary incontinence in Korea. Method : Sixty nursing researches conducted between 1993 and 2000 were analysed. The standard of analysis was degree theses, the year of publication, research design, measurement instruments, prevalence, intervention of experimental research and theme of qualitative research. Result : There were 29 theses and 31 articles published on nursing journals. There were 18 experimental researches, 40 nonexperimental researches and 2 qualitative researches. The scale that was the most used in researches was Hendrickon's situation scale of urinary incontinence, followed by Jackson's lower urinary tract symptoms, frequency of urinary incontinence, maximum vaginal contraction pressure, duration of pelvic muscle contraction. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 10.1∼85.0%. The age of subjects in survey ranged distributed from 20 to 94 and the number of subject ranged from 60 to 3,372. The major interventions for experimental researches included pelvic floor muscle exercise, electrostimulation of pelvic floor, prompted voiding therapy, moxibustion, urinary incontinence management program which provides pelvic floor muscle exercise, bladder training and education. The theme of qualitative research was experience of urinary incontinence. Conclusion : It is necessary to study prevalence of urinary incontinence repeatedly for reliable results, develop reliable and variable measurements of urinary incontinence, survey change of urinary incontinence status after nursing intervention and develop self management program of urinary incontinence.

체외배양중인 생쥐의 초기 배 발달에 대한 Medicult 및 Human Tubal Fluid 배양액과 난구세포 공배양의 효과

권영숙(Young Sook Kwon),박현정(Hyun Jeong Park),이현수(Hyun Soo Lee),이여일(Yu Il Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.11

목적: 본 연구는 보조생식술시 사용되는 기존의 Ham's F-10 배양액을 새롭게 소개되고 있는 Medicult와 Human Tubal Fluid (HTF) 배양액으로 대치할 수 있는지와 난구세포를 공배양 함으로써 배 발달율을 향상시킬 수 있는지의 여부를 알아보고자 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법: 배양액으로는 Ham's F-10, Medicult, 그리고 HTF 배양액에 0.4% 소 혈청단백을 각각 첨가하여 사용하였다. 2세포기 배아는 제 1세대 잡종 F1 암컷 생쥐에 pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG)와 human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)으로 과배란 유도 후 합사가 확인된 F1 생쥐의 난관으로부터 얻었으며, 공배양을 위한 난구세포는 ICR계 암컷 생쥐에 PMSG와 hCG 로 과배란을 유도한 후 생쥐의 난관으로부터 얻었다. 2세포기 배아를 Ham's F-10, Medicult 및 HTF 배양액 하에서 각각의 배 발달율을 비교 관찰하였고, 세가지 배양액 하에서 난구세포가 들어있는 공배양군과 들어있지 않은 대조군으로 각각 나누어 24, 48, 72, 96시간 동안 배양하면서 배 발달율을 비교 조사하였다. 결과: 각 배양액의 비교를 위해 96시간까지 배양하였을 때 부화까지 진행된 배 발달율은 HTF (87.5%)와 Ham's F-10 (85%) 배양액에서 Medicult (70.5%) 보다 유의하게 높았다. 생쥐 2세포기 배아의 세가지 배양액에 대한 난구세포 공배양에 의한 배 발달 증진 효과는 Medicult에서 24시간 (대조군 88.5% 대 공배양군 98.5%)까지는 유의하게, Ham's F-10 (86.5% 대 95.5%)과 HTF (91.3% 대 96.9%)에서는 48시간까지 유의성은 없지만 상승되게 나타났으나, 그 이후 96시간까지는 세가지 배양액 모두에서 대조군과 공배양군 간에 유사한 배 발달율을 보였다. 그리고 세가지 배양액 중 HTF가 유의한 차이는 없지만 배양 기간 동안 전반적으로 가장 높은 경향의 배 발달 효과 및 공배양 부가에 의한 배 발달 증진 효과를 나타냈다. 결론: 세가지 배양액에서 2세포기 배아를 96시간까지 배양하였을때 HTF와 Ham's F-10 배양액에서 Medicult 보다 더 높은 배 발달율을 보였으며, 공배양에 의한 효과는 Medicult에서 만이 한시적으로 유의한 배 발달 증진을 보였다. 양질의 배양액인 경우는 공배양에 의한 효과가 크지 않을 수 있는 점을 감안하면 Ham's F-10 과 HTF가 Medicult 보다는 더 안정화된 배양액으로 추정되므로, Medicult 보다는 HTF가 기존의 Ham's F-10 배양액을 대치할 수 있을 것으로 고려될 수 있으나, 본 연구결과 만으로는 보조생식술시 Ham's F-10 배양액을 Medicult나 HTF 배양액으로 대치할 수 없을 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: This study was to evaluate whether Ham's F-10 used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) could be replaced with newly-introduced Medicult or Human Tubal Fluid (HTF) media, and the rate of embryo development could be enhanced by cumulus cell coculture. Methods: Ham's F-10, Medicult, and HTF media supplemented with 0.4% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used. Two-cell embryos were obtained from oviducts of mated F1 hybrid female mice superovulated by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cumulus cells for coculture were obtained from oviducts of ICR female mice superovulated by PMSG and hCG. Two-cell embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10, Medicult, and HTF media respectively to observe and compare the rate of embryo development. In addition, two-cell embryos were cultured in these three media for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs with or without cumulus cell, and rates of embryo development were investigated and compared. Results: As for the rate of embryo development to hatched blastocyst after 96 hrs culture, HTF (87.5%) and Ham's F-10 (85%) were significantly higher than Medicult (70.5%). The beneficial effect of embryo development by cumulus cell coculture on two-cell mouse embryo among these three media was enhanced significantly in Medicult (control 88.5% versus coculture 98.5%) by 24 hrs, and was not enhanced statistical significantly but slightly elevated in Ham's F-10 (86.5% versus 95.5%) and HTF (91.3% versus 96.9%) by 48 hrs, but rates of embryo development were similar between control and coculture group in all three media by 96 hrs. Significant differences were not shown in three media, but HTF showed generally high tendency of the enhancing effect of embryo development and the beneficial effect of embryo development by coculture. Conclusions: As a result of culturing two-cell embryos in three media for 96 hrs, generally HTF and Ham's F-10 showed higher rate of embryo development than Medicult. As for the beneficial effect of coculture, Medicult only showed early transient significant improvement of embryo development. Considering that coculture effect of good quality media may be not so great, Ham's F-10 and HTF are more stable media than Medicult. Accordingly, HTF may be considered to be a medium to replace with Ham's F-10, however, the present study suggest that Medicult or HTF is not able to replace with Ham's F-10 in ART.

수행정도가 낮은 기본간호술과 자신감에 대한 연구

권영숙(Kwon Young Sook),박청자(Park Cheong Ja),김연하(Kim Yeon Ha) 계명대학교 간호과학연구소 2003 계명간호과학 Vol.7 No.1

This is a descriptive study to examine nursing students' low performance and confidence in basic nursing skills, and to identify the reasons for low performance in basic nursing skills after the completion of clinical practice. The data were collected from 86 nursing students who performed during clinical practices at 3 tertiary general hospitals, in D city from September 30 to October 16, 2002. The instrument was questionnaire that was developed by researcher based on textbooks of clinical nursing skills and orientation materials for novice nurses. This questionnaire consists of 106 items with basic nursing skills inn 11 categories and 8 items with general characteristics 45 items In 9 categories were analyzed finally on basic nursing skills with lower 25%(The direct practice ratio). The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 10 0 program Using statistics of frequency. The results of this study were as follows' Below 10% performances on basic nursing skills were all ages of CPRs and reliefs of FBAO in oxygenation category, gastric gavage, bladder irrigation, insertion of NG tube in nutrition and elimination category, vaginal medication and postmortem care. Reasons why the subjects only observed basic nursing skills during clinical practice were that there were 'no opportunities' of performance for subjects in all 45 items. Reasons for 'no performance' of basic nursing skills during clinical practice were 'no cases' on 29 items of 45 items. Most of the answers of the other 12 items were 'no opportunities' And more than 10%, the answers such as 'no confidence' of performance on basic nursing skills were all ages of CPRs and reliefs of FBAO, endotracheal suctioning etc in oxygenation category, gastric gavage, insertion of NG tube, bladder irrigation, gastrostomy feeding in nutrition and elimination category, postmortem care and blood transfusion and inhalation therapy. As a conclusion, there were many basic nursing skills for subjects to only observe or not to perform. Most of the reasons were 'no cases' or 'no opportunities' for subjects. As well it appeared the confidence was low in basic nursing skills of 'only-observation' or 'no performance'. Therefore, the reasons associated with low opportunities of direct performance by the nursing students need to be examined and to be considered for improvement of clinical practice education.

호흡바이오피드백 훈련이 간호대학생의 임상실습시 스트레스에 미치는 효과

권영숙(Kwon Young Sook),김태희(Kim Tae Hee) 기본간호학회 1999 기본간호학회지 Vol.6 No.2