수환경에서의 마이크로플라스틱 분류 및 정의

권범근,김극태,이상훈,라현주,백진 대한상하수도학회 2019 상하수도학회지 Vol.33 No.6

Since the discovery of the first artificial synthetic plastic, bakelite, polymer materials have been recognized as one of the most innovative fields of research. The plastic debris that is being piled up on the earth (called abandoned plastic litters) is now being observed everywhere on Earth, becoming an increasingly serious environmental threat. The term 'microplastics', created in 2004, now refers to plastic particles that are smaller than 5 mm, including all nano-sized plastic particles. However, there is no legal regulation, and there is still a lack of comprehensive definitions that practically include microplastic size standards. In this study, we will refer to “microplastics” as the English name, and look at how to identify these microplastics and propose new definitions that focus on their size. This study is expected to contribute to the domestic consensus on scientific definitions of microplastics.

Lease會計에 대한 硏究

權範根 경북대학교 경상대학 1984 經商論叢 Vol.8 No.-

NDMA 광분해로부터 생성 가능한 수산화라티칼 유사 반응성을 가진 새로운 화학종의 형성

권범근,김종오 대한환경공학회 2013 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.6

광촉매 반응에서의 하이드로페록시라디칼/슈퍼옥사이드라디칼의 물리화학적 특성

권범근,윤제용,박희진 한국공업화학회 2008 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2008 No.1

Monitoring of Mmicroplastic Particulates, Styrene Oligomers, Bisphenol A in the Atmosphere

권범근 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

Plastic pollution is a serious environmental problem. In particular, microplastics (MPs) monitoring in the atmosphere is an important issue. However, domestically, information on the monitoring of atmospheric MPs appears to be very limited. This study shows the monitoring results of Seoul, Jeju Island, Gwangju City, and other regions in Korea. In 2020, various microplastics in the atmosphere of Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeju Island were monitored. In this monitoring, a total of 9 types of microplastic materials were detected, mainly microplastics such as PP, PE, EVA, and Acrylate. When converted to the microplastic concentration using the sampled air flow rate, it was measured from the lowest 0.13 pieces/m³ to 1.13 pieces/m³. These microplastics are presumed to be plastics commonly encountered in our daily life.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT)의 광분해 특성

권범근,최원용,윤제용 대한상하수도학회 2010 상하수도학회지 Vol.24 No.6

The decomposition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and the mass balance of nitrogen (N) species as products were investigated in a UV/H2O2system by varying pH, concentrations of H2O2, and O2. All experiments were conducted in a semi-batch system employing a 50 mL reaction vessel and a coil-type quartz-tube reactor. In contrast with previous studies employing batch mode, TNT decomposition in the semi-batch mode was proportionally enhanced by increasing H2O2 concentration to 10 mM (0.034%), indicatingthat an inhibitory effect of excess H2O2on hydroxyl radical (∙OH) can be negligible. N compounds are released as NO2- in the early stages of the reaction, but NO2- is rapidly oxidized to NO3- by means of ∙OH. NH4+ was also detected in this study and showed gradually the increase with increasing reaction time. In this study, NH4+ production can involve the reduction of nitro group of TNT concurrent with the production of NO3-. Of the N species originating from TNT decomposition, 12 ~ 72% were inorganic forms (i.e. [NO3-] + [NO2-] + [NH4+]). This result suggests that the large remaining N portions indicate that unidentified N compounds can exist.

가수분해에 의한 2, 4, 6-Trinitrotoluene(TNT) 처리

권범근(Kwon, Bumgun),김종오(Kim, Jongoh) 한국지반환경공학회 2012 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.13 No.9

본 연구에서는 염기성 수산화이온을 이용한 TNT의 분해 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 TNT 처리 시 분광학적인 변화특성을 관찰하고, pH 영향 및 반응생성물에 대해 정량적으로 조사하였다. 실험결과, pH=12에서 가수분해에 의해 TNT 수용액이 갈색을 띄는 파장 400-600㎚ 범위 내에서 흡광도가 증가함을 관찰하였다. 수용액 상의 pH=12에서 TNT 가수분해 시 pseudofirst-order 속도상수는 0.0022min?¹으로 나타났으며, 그 반응속도는 매우 느린 것으로 초기 TNT 농도인 44μM이 약 90% 정도 분해되려면 약 1,047min(17.44hrs)이 소요될 것으로 예상되었다. 반응 생성물로는 아질산이온과 포름산이 주로 생성되며, 기타 미량 성분으로 질산이온, 옥살산 등이 확인되었다. This study investigated the TNT decomposition by the treatment of alkaline hydrolysis. To obtain this objecitive, spectrum shift characteristics, pH effect, kinetics, and product analysis were examined during the alkaline hydrolysis by means of hydroxide ions. At pH = 12, an aqueous solution of TNT was changed into yellow-brown coloring, in which its absorbances were newly increased in a range of wavelength 400-600 ㎚. From the kinetic data, pseudo-first-order rate constant in a excess of hydroxide ion, in contrast to TNT concentration, was 0.0022 min-1, which means that the reaction rate between TNT and hydroxide ion can be very slow, and that 1,047 min is necessary to achieve a 90% reduction of the initial TNT. In products analyses, nitrite ions and formic acid were mainly produced by the alkaline hydrolysis, nitrate ions and oxalic acid as minor products were generated.

스타이렌 올리고머를 이용한 제주도 모래 해변의 환경오염을 유발하는 요인의 정성적 평가

권범근(Bum Gun Kwon),고재준(Jea-Jun Ko),박정훈(Jeong-Hun Park) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.12

목적: 플라스틱 오염은 해외뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 매우 중요한 환경적 이슈이다. 이 연구의 목적은 polystyrene(PS) 플라스틱에서 유래된 styrene oligomers (SOs)를 이용하여 제주도 연안 환경의 오염을 유발하는 내・외부 요인을 평가하는 것이다. 방법: 상기 목적을 달성하기 위해 이 연구는 제주도 내 주요한 모래 해변을 중심으로 주변 해수와 해사 시료를 채취하여 gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS)로 12종 개별 SOs 화학종의 농도를 정량적으로 분석한다. 이 연구는 SOs 화학종이 갖는 물리・화학적 특성상 모래 입자 표면에 흡착되는 성질을 이용하여, 제주도 해변의 내부 또는 외부 요인에 따른 환경 오염도를 평가한다. 결과 및 토의 : 제주도 해변의 해사에서 SOs 평균 농도는 최저 9.80 ng/g에서 최대 13.62 ng/g으로, 해수에서 SOs 평균 농도는 비교적 일정한 0.05 ~ 0.11 ㎍/L로 낮았다. 채취된 시료에 따라 SOs 개별 화학종의 농도 분포가 상당한 차이가 나지만, 대체로 7종의 styrene trimers > 4종의 styrene dimers > styrene monomer 순으로 농도가 감소하였다. 제주도 해변에서 SOs 농도는 해수보다 해사에서 매우 높았다. 이 결과는 SOs 화학종이 모래 입자 표면에 흡착되어 이동성이 제한적이어서 제주도의 주요 해변이 주로 제주도 내부 요인(예, 인구 밀도, 인구 이동에 따른 여행객 수 등)에 의해 오염될 수 있음을 의미한다. 결론: 이 연구는 제주도 모래 해변이 주로 내부 요인에 의해 오염되는 것으로 보인다. 모래 해변의 오염도는 곽지해변 < 함덕 해변, 삼양 해변, 표선 해변 < 이호테우 해변, 사계 해변 < 섭지코지 해변, 김녕 해변, 협재 해변 순으로 오염도가 클 것으로 생각된다. 이 연구가 제주도 해안 환경에서 플라스틱 오염의 원인을 평가하는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Objectives : Plastic pollution is a very important environmental issue in Korea as well as abroad. The objective of this study is to evaluate the internal and external factors that cause pollution of the coastal environment of Jeju Island using styrene oligomers (SOs) originated from polystyrene (PS) plastic. Methods : In order to achieve the above objective, this study is conducted to quantitatively measure the concentration of 12 individual SOs chemicals, through gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analyzing seawater and beach sand samples around sandy beaches in Jeju Island. This study evaluates the degree of environmental pollution according to internal or external factors of the sandy beach by using the physicochemical characteristic that SOs species are adsorbed on the surface of sand particles. Results and Discussion : The average concentration of SOs in the beach sand of Jeju Island ranges from a minimum of 9.80 ng/g to a maximum of 13.62 ng/g, and the average concentration of SOs in seawater is relatively low with a constant 0.05 to 0.11 ㎍/L. Although the concentration distribution of SOs species differs considerably depending on the sample collected, the concentration of SOs decreases in the order of styrene trimers (7 isomers) > styrene dimers (4 isomers) > styrene monomer. As a result of monitoring, the concentration of SOs at the sandy beaches of Jeju Island is much higher in the beach sand than in the seawater. This result means that the major beaches of Jeju Island can be polluted mainly by internal factors (e.g. population density, number of travelers according to population movement, and so on), because SOs species are adsorbed on the surface of the sand particles and their mobility is limited. Conclusions : This study shows that the sandy beaches of Jeju Island are mainly polluted by internal factors. It is thought that the pollution degree of the sandy beaches is the highest in the order of Gwakji Beach < Samyang Beach, Hamdeok Beach, Pyoseon Beach < Ihoteho Beach, Sagye Beach < Seopjikoji Beach, Gimnyeong Beach, and Hyeopjae Beach. This study is expected to contribute to the evaluation of the causes of plastic pollution in the coastal environment of Jeju Island.

전자빔 공정에서 H₂O₂와 Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA의 첨가가 수산화라디칼 생성에 미치는 영향

권범근(Kwon, Bumgun),권중근(Kwon, Joongkuen),김종오(Kim, Jongoh) 한국지반환경공학회 2012 한국지반환경공학회논문집 Vol.13 No.10

본 연구에서는 전자빔공정(Electron beam process, E-beam)에서 생성되는 수산화라디칼의 생성특성을 조사하였고, 이 공정에 첨가제로 과산화수소와 Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA을 이용한 펜타클로로페놀(Pentachlorophenol, PCP)의 분해 특성을 조사하였다. 이를 위해 수산화라디칼의 측정은 벤조산(Benzoic Acid, BA)에 의한 hydroxylation으로 생성된 hydroxybenzoic acid(OHBA)의 농도를 정량화하여 수행하였다. 실험결과, 실제 측정된 수산화라디칼의 농도는 예측된 수산화라디칼에 비해 낮은 농도로 나타났으며, 이것은 아마도 E-beam 에너지의 조사와 동시에 형성되는 다양한 반응성 화학종이 수산화라디칼을 스케빈져(scavening)할 것으로 생각되었다. 특히,1mM 이하의 과산화수소 주입은 PCP 분해를 촉진시킬 수 있으나 그 이상의 과산화수소의 주입은 오히려 PCP의 분해를 감소시키거나 PCP의 부산물인 염소이온과 Carbon yield(%)를 증가시키는 요인으로 작용하였다. 반면에, 20μM의 Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA 첨가는 효과적으로 PCP를 제거하였고, 이에 따른 G-value도 증가한 것으로 나타났다. OHBA의 형성과 PCP의 분해를 고려하여 보면, 결과적으로 E-beam공정에 가하는 Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA의 첨가는 상대적으로 낮은 세기에서도 효과적으로 PCP를 처리할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study focuses both on the quantitative measurement of hydroxyl radicals formed by an electron beam (E-beam) process and on the decomposition of pentachlorophenol(PCP) in the presence of H₂O₂ and Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA as additives. To attain this objective, the quantitative measurement of hydroxyl radical was performed with the hydroylation of benzoic acid (BA), producing hydroxybenzoic acid (OHBA). As a result, the concentrations of hydroxyl radical measured were lower than those of hydroxyl radical predicted. Probably, it indicates that the reactive species generated during E-beam irradiation are able to scavenge the hydroxyl radicals. In particular, the degradation of PCP was promoted by the addition of H₂O₂ (< 1mM). On the other hand, its degradation as well as the generation of chloride ions as a by-product was inhibited by the addition of H₂O₂ (> 1mM), and thus carbon yield(%) of oxalic acid as a by-product was increased. During E-beam irradiation the addition of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA effectively decomposed the PCP, thus increasing the G-values. Considering the formation of OHBA and the decomposition of PCP, these results suggest that the addition of Fe<SUP>3+</SUP>-EDTA in the E-beam process can produce the further hydroxyl radicals and enhance the efficiency of PCP decomposition at low dose.

In-Situ Calibration of Hydroperoxyl Radical Using Immobilized TiO₂ Particles

권범근(Bum Gun Kwon) 대한환경공학회 2006 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.12