기후변화에 따른 지자체의 생태계 취약성 평가

공우석(Kong, Woo-seok),이슬기(Lee, Slegee),박희나(Park, Heena),유정아(Yu, Jeong Ah) 한국기후변화학회 2012 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.3 No.1

북한의 식물과 자연생태

공우석(Woo-Seok Kong) 대한지리학회 2019 대한지리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.11

연구논문 : 서울시 도시 숲의 경관생태와 관리방안

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ),김건옥 ( Kun Ok Kim ),이슬기 ( Sle Gee Lee ),박희나 ( Hee Na Park ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.3

This work aims to establish the landscape ecological countermeasures to improve the sustainability of urban mountain forest and to enrich the biodiversity in twenty mountains of the Seoul Metropolitan City. Landscape ecological analysis was conducted based upon various criteria, such as area and elevation of mountains, flora, naturalized plants, vegetation, forest types, mountain trails, and public facilities. Various measures were suggested for the better maintenances of floristic diversity, introduced plants, vegetation and forest types of urban mountain forests. Sustainable recommendations for land use adminstration were developed for the preparations of a climate change-adapted urban mountain forests, as well as rational managements of ecosystem, walking trails, and public facilities within mountain forest. Rich and diverse natural vegetation as well as high floristic diversity were reported at mountains with higher elevations, larger area size, and rich landscape diversity. Mountains with low elevation, small size with easy public access, however, might require an urgent action to decrease the burdens by anthropogenic disturbances and urban development.

극지ㆍ고산식물 월귤의 격리 분포와 기온요인

공우석(Woo-seok Kong),임종환(Jong-Hwan Lim) 대한지리학회 2008 대한지리학회지 Vol.43 No.4

월귤은 극지ㆍ고산식물로 북극권과 고산대에 주로 자라며, 한반도에서는 북한의 고산대와 아고산대, 남한의 설악산 대청봉과 중청봉 사이 암석지, 귀때기청봉 등 아고산대 그리고 홍천의 산록에 자란다. 월귤이 격리 분포하는 강원도 홍천군 해발고도 350m 부근 애추 말단은 풍혈이다. 플라이스토세 빙하기에 널리 분포했던 월귤은 홀로세에 기후가 온난해지면서 한반도 북부와 중부의 고산대 및 아고산대와 함께 여름이 서늘한 홍천 풍혈 주위를 후빙기 피난처로 삼아 빙하기 유존종으로 격리 분포하게 되었다. 월귤의 남한계선이며 하한계선인 홍천에 자라는 군락은 가장 가까운 거리에 있는 설악산 아고산대와 1,200m의 해발고도 차이가 있으므로 빙하기의 기온은 현재보다 6.6℃ 내외로 낮았던 것으로 추정된다. 극지와 고산에 격리 분포하는 월귤은 여름 고온에 민감한 식물이다. 홍천의 산록에 자라는 월귤은 지구온난화에 따라 생리적으로 영향을 받거나 높은 온도를 좋아하는 식물과의 경쟁에 밀려사라질 수도 있다. 한반도의 생물다양성 보전 차원에서 홍천의 월귤 군락지에 대한 보호 관리가 필요하다. Vaccinium vitis-idaea or lingonberry, a typical arctic-alpine plant, is common on the circumpolar regions and alpine belts of the Northern Hemisphere, and also occurs on the alpine and subalpine belts of the Korean Peninsula, including Mt. Sorak and Hongchon. Vaccinium vitis-idaea at the elevation of c. 350m a.s.l. of Hongchon is found on the wind hole area with cool summer, and mild winter. Vaccinium vitis-idaea at Hongchon is regarded as the glacial relict of the Pleistocene period, and shows a disjunctive distribution, along with the alpine and subalpine belts of the northern and central Korea since the Holocene period. Present vertical range of Vaccinium vitis-idaea between Mt. Sorak and Hongchon might indicates that the temperatures during the glacial epoch was colder than today, down to -6 to -7℃ Vaccinium vitis-idaea at this fragile wind hole site could be endanger if current global warming trends continues, and anthropogenic activities become serious.

지구온난화에 취약한 지표식물 선정

공우석(Woo-Seok Kong) 한국기상학회 2005 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.41 No.-

연구논문 : 한반도 주요 산정의 식물종 분포와 기후변화 취약종

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ),김건옥 ( Kun Ok Kim ),이슬기 ( Sle Gee Lee ),박희나 ( Hee Na Park ),조수현 ( Soo Hyun Cho ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.2

This work aims to select the potentially vulnerable plant species against climate change at alpine and subalpine belts of Mts. Sorak, Jiri, and Halla, from central, southern, southern insular high mountains of the Korean Peninsula, respectively. The selection of global warming related vulnerable plants were performed by adapting various criteria, such as flora, endemicity, rarity, floristically specific and valuable species, species composition at mountain summits, horizontal and vertical ranges of individual species, and their distributional pattern in the Korean Peninsula. Line and quadrat field surveys along the major trails from all directions at height above 1,500 meters above sea level of Mts, Sorak, Jiri and Halla were conducted each year during spring, summer, and autumn from 2010 to 2011. Based upon above mentioned eight criteria, high level of climate change related potentially vulnerable arboral plants, such as Rhododendron aureum, Taxus caespitosa, Pinus pumila, Oplopanax elatus, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Thuja koraiensis are noticed from at subalpine belt of Mt. Sorak. Species of Abies koreana, Rhododendron tschonoskii, Oplopanax elatus, Taxus cuspidata, Picea jezoensis, and Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii belong to climate change concerned vulnerable species at subalpine belt of Mt. Jiri. High level of climate change related species vulnerability is found at alpine and subalpine belts of Mt. Halla from Diapensia lapponica var. obovata, Salix blinii, Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Taxus cuspidata, Rhamnus taquetii, Abies koreana, Hugeria japonica, Prunus buergeriana, and Berberis amurensis var. quelpartensis. Countermeasures to save the global warming vulnerable plants in situ are required.

지역의 자연환경 분석과 지리교육에의 적용

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ) 한국지리환경교육학회 2005 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.13 No.1

쯔쯔가무시증의 시ㆍ공간적 분포와 환경생태요인

공우석(Woo-seok Kong),신이현(E-hyun Shin),이희일(Heeil Lee),황태성(Taesung Hwang),김현희(Hyunhee Kim),이난영(Nanyoung Lee),성지혜(Jihye Sung),이슬기(Slegee Lee),윤광희(Kwanghee Yoon) 대한지리학회 2007 대한지리학회지 Vol.42 No.6

쯔쯔가무시증 환자 발생의 시ㆍ공간적 분포를 기후, 서식환경 변화 등 환경생태요인과 관련하여 질병지리적 측면에서 분석하였다. 쯔쯔가무시증은 1951년에 보고된 뒤 1986년에 재발했고, 1998년과 2004년부터 급증하였다. 계절별로는 11월(58%)과 10월(33.2%)에 주로 노인층에서 발병한다. 남부평야지대에 발생하던 쯔쯔가무시증은 점차 동부산지지대를 제외한 전국으로 확산되었으며, 경기도 화성시는 발병자가 급증한 대표지역이다. 발병자가 급증한 것은 기후와 토지이용 변화 등 환경생태요인이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 본다. 전국적으로는 연평균기온이 상승하고 연평균강수량이 감소하면서 쯔쯔가무시증 환자가 증가하였다. 그러나 사례조사지역인 화성시, 합천군 등에서는 여름철 기온이 상승하고 강수량 많은 해에 환자가 증가했다. 여름에 기온이 높고 상대적으로 건조하면 식생이 무성해져 털진드기의 생장과 번식이 활발해진다. 이어서 가을이 온화해지면서 털진드기 활동이 활발해지면서 환자가 급증한 것으로 본다. 농촌에서 환자가 많은 것은 1980년대 이후 토지이용 변화에 따라 마을과 경작지 주변에 늘어난 관목숲, 풀숲을 중심으로 쯔쯔가무시증의 매개체인 들쥐류와 털진드기가 번성하면서 질병을 확산시킨 결과로 본다. The time-spatial distribution of Scrub typhus and its relationship with environmental ecology, such as climate, and habitat change are analyzed in respect of the geography of disease. Scrub typhus was firstly reported in 1951, and reemerged in 1986 mainly in southwestern Korea. Later it has sharply increased and spreaded out toward whole country in 1998 and 2004, except mid-eastern mountainous region. Hwasung City is the typical example of sudden upsurge of Scrub typhus. High incidence of Scrub typhus patients might due to elevated temperature and decreased precipitation during the summer, as well as milder autumn. Sharp increase of Scrub typhus patients at rural area since 1980’s might also be the result of the rapid changes of land use pattern, which eventually have contributed for the active development of dense vegetation and propagation of chigger mites around cultivated land.

연구논문 : 풍혈의 환경 특성과 식물지리적 가치

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ),이슬기 ( Sle Gee Lee ),윤광희 ( Kwang Hee Yoon ),박희나 ( Hee Na Park ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.3

Present work aims to establish an integrated management system of environmental data base for nine typical wind holes or air holes in Korea. It basically deals with definition, geographical distribution, morphological pattern, physical characteristics and anthropogenic environments of wind hole to propose systematic preservation strategy of their periglacial landscape and flora, which are known to be sensitive to global warming. Wind hole, in which cool air blows out during the summer, but mild air comes out during the winter from a cave or hole, is frequently found on northwest- and north-facing slopes on the terminal point of steep talus, block field, and block stream, and can be categorized into three types, i.e., talus, cave and sink types. Environmental characteristics of nine wind holes are analyzed on the basis of their geology, landform, climate, soil, hydrology, vegetation, road, footpath, land-use, and management system, and relevant DB are prepared. Wind hole areas with unique landscape and ecological values need to be designated as a nature reserve, and zoning of core, buffer, and transitional zones are required for the multi-dimensional preservation of periglacial landscape and ecosystem. Phytogeographical values of glacial relict plants, including mountain cranberry(Vaccinium vitis-idaea) at its global southernmost limit at Bangnaeri wind hole, Hongchon County, Gangwon Province of Korea are discussed in detail as a floristic refugia in connection with climate change during the Pleistocene Epoch and potential in-situ and ex-situ preservation sites in the future.

풍혈의 공간적 분포 특징과 관리 방안

공우석 ( Woo Seok Kong ),윤광희 ( Kwang Hee Yoon ),김인태 ( In Tae Kim ),이유미 ( You Mi Lee ),오승환 ( Seung Hwan Oh ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.3

Wind holes or air holes, from which cool air blows out during the summer, but mild air comes out during the winter, have provided the phytogeographically important refugia for cryophilous or cold-loving boreal flora during the Holocene period, At present, wind holes are serving as a faraway disjunctive habitat for Pleistocene relict glacial floristic elements, and present an invaluable information to reconstruct the natural history. Present work aims to collate the nationwide distribution and relevant DB on the potential wind holes of Korea based upon media and literature sources, along with geographical informations, such as place name, topographic map, environmental geographical information, flora, monitoring data of Korea National Arboretum, and field survey data, Geographical information on sixty nine wind hole sites have compiled and analyzed on the basis of flora and presence of fossilized periglacial landforms, such as talus, block field, and block stream, and sixteen sites have thereafter carefully selected and scrutinized through field surveys. To maintain a sustainability of wind hole ecosystem, including their original landform, micro-meteorological phenomena and plant community therein as a refugia or habitat for relict plant species of Pleistocene glacial period, appropriate restrictions and preservation measures are required.