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공명석,이태구,이은진,정구복,김유학,정하일 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
This study was designed to assess the nutrients characteristics and redox potential changes as affected bywater management condition in rice paddy weighing lysimeter. Rice was grown from June to October 2015, and the water management was consisted of two methods: continuously flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Under the CF condition, the redox potential (Eh) of 5 cm topsoil began to decrease rapidly and maintained around -260 to -200 mV. The AWD showed the oxidation condition. The changes of soil pH in CF and AWD ranged from 6.0 to 7.0 and 5.7 to 7.1, respectively. Soil pH in the AWD condition indicated up and down patterns by irrigation. In changes in nutrient contents of the soil solutions, nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) was initially 12.2 to 26.6 mg L -1 at the highest concentration, and the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate (PO4 3) appeared to be lower than 1 mg L -1 during rice cultivation. The grain yield of rice was significantly higher in the CF than in the AWD. Nitrogen and magnesium content in both rice grain and straw were not significantly different between the water management conditions. Phosphorous, potassium, and calcium content in the rice grain were not statistically different between CF and AWD conditions. However, the nutrient contents in rice straw were higher in the CF, compared with that in the AWD. Although the iron content in rice straw was higher in the CF than in the AWD, the manganese content showed an opposite tendency. Interestingly, soil maximum temperature at the daytime was significantly higher in the AWD than in the CF, whereas the soil minimum temperature at the night time was 0.5-0.9℃ lower in the AWD, compared with that of the CF. Therefore, these results suggest that the decrease in rice yield in AWD condition can be linked to the inhibition of phosphate absorption into rice plants under oxidized-soil condition and/or high temperature difference between day and night in the soil.
공명석,배성일,김재석,Kong, Myoung-Seok,Bae, Sung-Il,Kim, Jae-Seok 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, C Vol.c36 No.1
본 논문에서는 이동 통신 시스템에서 많이 사용되는 다양한 사양의 비터비 복호기를 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 가변적 비터비 복호기의 설계방법을 제안한다. 여기서 제안하는 가변적 비터비 복호기는 구속장, 부호율, 생성다항식 등의 길쌈부호기 사양, 프레임당의 비트 수, 전송 속도 등의 데이터 전송 사양, 그리고 복호기의 성능을 위한 연판정 비트수 등을 매개 변수화(parameterization)하여, 사용자가 제공하는 사양변수에 맞는 비터비 복호기를 최적으로 자동 생성하도록 설계되었다. 이를 위해 C 언어로 설계된 사용자 인터페이스 환경 모듈을 구현하였고, 또한 VHDL 언어와 generic 변수를 활용한 비터비 복호기의 기능 블록 모듈이 계층 구조적으로 설계되었다. 설계된 가변적 비터비 복호기의 검증을 위해, IS-95 CDMA 시스템의 규격에 맞는 비터비 복호기를 자동 생성하여 기존의 설계된 내용과 비교 검증하였다. 제안된 방식은 앞으로 사양이 조금씩 바뀔 때마다 비터비 복호기를 새로이 설계할 필요없이, 변경된 사양만 제공함으로써 매우 빠른 시간내에 변경된 하드웨어 설계를 얻을 수 있는 새로운 설계방식이라 할 수 있다. In this paper, we proposed a design method of parameterized viterbi decoder, which automatically synthsizes the diverse viterbi deciders used in the digital mobile communication systems. It is designed to synthesize a viterbi decoder specified by user-provided parameters. Those parameters are constraint length, code rate generator polynomials of teh convolutional encoder, data rate and bits/frame of the data transmission, and soft decision bits of viterbi decoder. For the design of the parameterized viterbi decoder, we designed a user interface module C-language, and a viterbi decoder module in a hierarchical atructure using VHDL language and its generic statement. For the verification of the parameterized viterbi decoder, we compared our synthesized viterbi decoder with the conventional viterbi decoder which is designed for the IS-95 CDMA system. The proposed design method of the viterbi decoder will be a new method to obtain a required viterbi decoder in a very short time only by supplying the design parameters.
Changes of Chemical Properties in Upland Soils in Korea
공명석,강성수,채미진,정하일,손연규,이덕배,김유학 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.6
Soil testing is one of the major strategies for establishing sustainable agricultural practice as it analyzes nutrient contents of soil and determines the amount of nutrients required for crop growth. Soil testing for the field cultivating regional major crops in Korea has been conducting by National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), provincial agricultural research & extension services and agriculture technology centers since 2000. 1,006,227 soil samples were analyzed and uploaded on Korean soil information system (http://soil.rda.go.kr) from 2003 to 2013. Soil pH has changed from 6.1 to 6.2. Organic matter (OM), available (Avail.) phosphate and exchangeable (Exch.) K have decreased from 24 to 23 g kg-1, 541 to 399 mg kg-1 and 0.90 to 0.72 cmolc kg-1 between 2003 and 2013, respectively. Especially, Exch. Ca contents decreased to 5.7 cmolc kg-1 in 2009 and increased to 6.2 cmolc kg-1 in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for cropping were 48% for pH, 22% for OM, 26% for Avail. phosphate, and 23, 16, 22% for Exch. K, Ca and Mg in 2013. Ratios of optimal ranges for pH increased and low ranges for OM, Avail. phosphate and Exch. K increased. Frequency distribution was 64% for pH 5.5~7.0, 65% for OM 10~30 g kg-1, 48% for Avail. phosphate under 300 mg kg-1 and 23, 29, 22% for Exch. K 0.2~0.6, Ca 4.0~6.0 and Mg 1.0~1.5 cmolc kg-1.