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강나리 부산고고학회 2022 고고광장 Vol.- No.31
There are two similarities in the iron bits before Xiongnu Period, as known as Schyto-Siberian Culture period, which was existed around the eastern Eurasian steppe area in terms of using two pieces of iron rods made of bronze and having two holes on the bit to connect to the horse straps. During Xiongnu Period, people accepted the previous traditions which are having the two holes on a bit and making the two edges of a bit symmetrically. They began in earnest to use iron to make the iron bits to make their own shape of bits. The characteristic of Xiongnu iron bits can be seen in the iron bits of Han Dynasty which was existed at the same time with Xiongnu in the structure and shape including having the two holes on the bit to connect to the horse straps and making the two edges symmetrically. On the other hand, Han iron bits have their own characteristics such as using three pieces of iron rods and decoration on the two edges of the bit. The iron bits in Korean Peninsula can be divided into two regional bases, the western North Korea and Yeongnam areas. Among the iron bits from the western North Korea, there are S-shape bits that look similar to one in Xiongnu bits. There are gaps of time and distance in the iron bits from the western North Korea and Xiongnu so that it is hard to assumed that the S-shaped iron bits of the both regions are directly related. But it is reliable that there is technological connection between the two regions in terms of having the two holes on the bit. In Yeongnam area, S-shaped and I-shaped iron bits are found. It is assumed that the S-shaped bits were came to the area through the relationship with the western North Korea. On the other hand, I-shaped iron bits are only found in this area. The I-shaped iron bits look the same with Xiongnu iron bits (e.g. axe blade-shaped bits) so that it could be thought of Xiongnu's impact on Yeongnam except for and manufacturing technique of rods. In this study, I could examine the formation of Xiongnu iron bits and the relationship with the surrounding areas including Han dynasty and Korean Peninsula. Base on the Xiongnu iron bits, I wanted to scrutinize overall aspect of the eastern Eurasian iron bits. 본 연구는 조기 스키토-시베리아문화와 스키토-시베리아문화 시기 유라시아 대륙의 동쪽에서 출토된 표비의 전체적인 양상을 살펴본 후 몽골지역에서 흉노 표비가 이전 시기의 어떤 영향을 받아 성립 되었는지에 대해 밝혀보고자 한 것에 목적이 있다. 흉노 이전의 조기~스키토-시베리아문화 시기 동부스텝에 존재하는 문화들의 표비는 기본적으로 청동제 2연식 함을 사용한다. 이 시기부터 단외환과 이중외환이 모두 출연한다. 표는 재질과 형태가 다르지만 표신의 측면에 2개의 구멍을 뚫어 굴레와 연결하는 구조에서 공통점을 가진다. 흉노 이전 시기 동부스텝의 전통적인 표신 측면에 2개의 구멍을 뚫어 굴레와 연결하는 구조와 양쪽 끝을 서로 대칭되게 만든 표의 형태를 수용하였다. 반면, 이전 시기에는 사용되지 않던 재질인 철을 사용하여 독자적인 표비를 제작한다. 또한 이전 시기의 이중외환의 청동제함은 더 이상 출토되지 않고 단외환의 철제함만이 출토된다. 이중외환의 소멸으로 인해 흉노는 고리형 인수를 고안하여 제작하였으며, 이를 통하여 재갈과 고삐의 연결을 유연하게 하였다. 흉노가 철제 표비를 제작하기 시작하면서 몽골지역에서 본격적으로 철제 표비가 유행하게 된다.
강나리,송정국,박준혁,곽영숙 대한우울조울병학회 2016 우울조울병 Vol.14 No.2
Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the depressive symptoms, quality of life and correlates of depressive symptoms in married immigrant women in Jeju. Methods : The subjects were 86 married immigrant women recruited from multicultural family support center in Jeju province. They completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), General Health Questionnaire-20 (GHQ-20), and the Korean Version of Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). We investigated demographic factors, Korean language ability and social support of them. Depressed participants were identified by BDI total scores. Demographic variables SF-36, and GHQ-20 were compared between depressed group and non depressed group. And also the correlates of depressive symptoms were investigated. Results : 20.7% of subjects was depressed by BDI. Depressed group showed high levels of parenting stress, lower spouse support and lower adaptation of mother role perceived by themselves than non depressed group. And depressed group had significantly lower scores of social function, vitality and mental health in Sf-36 than non depressed group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the level of their spouse support was correlated with their depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Our results suggest that mental health screening and intervention systems should be developed for marriage immigrants. And strategies to improve their spouse support is needed.
강나리,송재민,곽영숙,Kang, Na Ri,Song, Jae Min,Kwack, Young-Sook 대한생물정신의학회 2018 생물정신의학 Vol.25 No.2
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder. Recently, it has been suggested that brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our aim of this review is to understand the physiological functions of BDNF and its potential relationship with ADHD and therapeutic approaches of ADHD. Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Research Information Service System (RISS). In this review, we summarized important literatures for the physiological functions of BDNF in neurodevelopment, change of serum BDNF level in ADHD, association of BDNF polymorphism and ADHD and potential association of treatment of ADHD with serum BDNF level. Further studies are required to more clearly understand the source and the role of BDNF in ADHD and to develop BDNF based-ADHD treatement.