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백선기(Seon-Gi Baek),이금아(Keum-Ah Lee) 부산울산경남언론학회 2011 지역과 커뮤니케이션 Vol.15 No.1
본 연구는 미디어 보도가 지니는 담론 형성과 그에 따른 이데올로기적 의미를 파악하고자 하였다. 미디어 보도는 수용자가 사회적 현실을 인식하는 데 중요한 역할을 하며, 특정 담론과 이데올로기적 의미를 생성한다. 이는 대부분의 수용자들이 미디어 보도를 통해 사안을 인식함을 의미한다. 특히 남북관계나 안보와 관련한 사안은 직접적으로 얻을 수 있는 정보의 양이 매우 적기 때문에, 수용자들은 미디어를 통한 간접적인 정보에 따라 사안을 인식하게 된다. 바로 이러한 점에서 남북관련 사안에 대한 미디어 보도는 중요한 역할과 기능을 수행한다. 이에 본 연구자들은 2010년 3월 발생한 ‘천안함’ 침몰 사건에 대한 우리 언론의 보도경향과 그에 따라 생성되는 담론 형성에 주목하였고, 그에 따른 이데올로기적 의미에 대해 숙고하였다. 분석대상으로 조선일보와 경향신문을 선정하였고, ‘천안함’ 침몰이 발생한 3월 26일부터 최종보고서가 발간된 9월 13일까지의 이들 신문들의 기사들을 수집하였다. 이들 기사들에 대해 백선기가 최근에 창안한 기호네트워크분석(Semiotic Network Analysis)과 담론구조분석(Discourse Structure Analysis)을 적용하였다. 연구결과, 각 언론사는 자사의 이념적 스펙트럼에 따라 우호적인 기호들을 사용하였고, 이들의 특정 네트워크를 구성하였음이 발견되었다. 그리고 이들 기호네트워크 구조들을 근간으로 각기 서로 다른 담론들이 생성되었음도 발견되었다. 이는 ‘천안함 침몰’ 사건에 대해 신문별로 서로 다른 성격의 사건으로 규정하였고, 서로 다른 해석과 해결 방안들을 제시하였음을 의미한다. 이로 인해 우리 사회는 천안함 침몰에 대해 전혀 다른 대립적 시각들이 존재하게 되었고, 이로 인해 사회는 이데올로기적으로 명료하게 분리되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate media coverage patterns on the sinking of “Cheonan warship” and their ideological implications. On March 26, 2010 the warship was sunk suddenly by unidentified causes so that 46 crew members should be dead. in Korean society, it happened to occur many discourses about this incident through media coverage. Various rumors and suspicious arguments about its causes and means were suggested without any kinds of clarifications. The most controversial issue was whether it was caused by sea-missile assaults of North Korean forces’ or not. The society was severely divided into two groups on the basis of belief or doubt on it. The authors were interested in why this kind of split could happen to occur in Korean society, how much such kind of social phenomenon would be connected to media coverage, and what it would imply in Korean society. In order to solve these interests as well as research questions, they collected news items of two high circulative newspapers from March 26, 2010 to September 13, 2010. As one newspaper was conservative and anti-North Korea oriented, the other was progressive and pro-North Korea oriented. Each of news items was analyzed with a Semiotic Network Analysis (SNA) and a Discursive Structure Analysis (DSA) which were recently created by Seon-Gi Baek. As results of this study, it was firstly found that each of media tended to select specific signs and narratives to define the incident from its basic ideology and North Korea policy. The conservative newspaper tended to define it as ‘incident of North Korean attack’ and ask for ‘official sorry of North Korean leaders’, while the progressive newpaper defined it ‘unfortune accident’ and ask for ‘South Korean governmental responsibility’. Secondly, the former described such dead crew members as ‘war heroes’ because it assumed that they would be dead in the middle of battle, as the latter represented them as just ‘victims’ because they would be dead by uncertain causes. Thirdly, the former produced many discourses about ‘critic against the North Korean leaders’, ‘revenge against the North Korea’, ‘counter attack against the North Korea’, ‘reinforcement for the national security’, etc. On the other hand, the latter took initiatives to suggest another discourses about ‘critic against irresponsibility of South Korean government’, ‘doubt against the final report on the incident’, ‘warning against the reinforcement of national security’, etc. In conclusion, it could be argued that such kind of dividence in Korean society would happened to occur by the dichotomous coverage pattern between the conservative media and the progressive ones.
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한국 언론의 미국-이라크 전쟁 보도 경향 분석:TV 보도 영상의 의미구조와 서사구조에 대한 논의를 중심으로
백선기 한국방송공사 2003 방송 문화 연구 Vol.15 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate coverage patterns of Korea TV on the U.S.-Iraq War, and its narrative structure and meaning structures. It was also interested in discourse structure about this war as well as narrative structure of pictures of TV in covering it. In order to attain this kind of purposes of this study, the author constructed research questions as follows; ‘what were coverage patterns of Korea TV on the U.S.-Iraq War?’, ‘what kinds of narrative structure such kinds of coverage patterns had?’, ‘what kinds of discourse structure the coverage patterns had?’, ‘what were meanings of these coverage patterns in Korea society?’ For the purpose of solving these research questions, news items about this was from three main TV stations were collected as main analysing objects. They were also divided into ‘linguistic representation’ and ‘pictural representation’. Each of these representations were analysed with semiotic research methods as well as dicourse research methods. As results of this study, it was firstly found that Korea TV tended to cover this war on the basis of American perspectives with American news values. Secondly, it did not reflect Islamic perspectives with Islamic news values. Thirdly, it just followed the route of U.S.-U.K. coalition armies’ attacks, and focused on battle fields and fighting situations between U.S. and Iraq armies. Fourthly, it tended to show such kind of battle fields and fighting situations with image and pictures so that it could transform a war into a kind of internet war game. In addition, through this study, it was found that pictures of TV news had a certain of narrative structure with linguistic grammar. The TV picture had a power of defining meaning of news coverage with limited range and systematic structure.
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