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申王植 ( Shin Wang-sik ) 한국소년정책학회 2003 少年保護硏究 Vol.- No.6
More and more countries today are moving away from its former passive position of retaliatory penalty in punishing offenders and instead exercising constructive measures aimed to rehabilitate or reform criminals before reintegrating them back into the community. However, the same is true for US and several countries favoring punishment-based paradigm founded on conventional doctrine, which triggered caustic remarks from advocates of the unconventional school. They argue that the waning of humanism and decline of social justice are consequences of the widespread practice of excessive enforcement of severe punishment policy, prolonged confinement and prison programs that serve the purpose of lightening the burden of the warden's job responsibilities rather than de facto rehabilitation. Since 1989, Korea has changed its course from imprisonment philosophy and joined the international transition to probation system designed to constructively aid the re-integration of the offender back into the society. The probation system serves as the main means of administrating to criminal within societal boundary during the past 15 years. While the probation system has developed substantially over the years as the mainstay of criminal policy in Korea, I have found the operational aspects of the system and its legal foundation riddled with many loopholes, which, unless corrected of these defects, could lead to its breakdown.
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壁塗り構文における格交替条件について -動詞「塗る」の意味と名詞句との係わり-
申義植(Shin, YiShick) 중앙대학교 일본연구소 2020 日本 硏究 Vol.0 No.52
In this paper, I discuss the properties of meaning about the relation of noun phrase and verb ‘nuru’ in the spray paint hypallage. There are sentences like as ‘?bataa-de pan-o nuru’ that aren’t able to alternate with ‘-de -o nuru’ in the spray paint hypallage. In other to know why the alternation isn’t caused, we have to examine the noun phrase of ‘o’ and ‘de’ in the type of ‘-de -o nuru’ sentence. Moreover, we have to analyze the properties of meaning of the ‘-ni -wo nuru’ sentence about being possible to alternate with the ‘-de -o nuru.’ For this purpose, this paper will illustrate the noun phrases of ‘o’ like as ‘bataa(butter)’ that isn’t able to be chosen the direct object of verb ‘nuru.’ Then, it will be illustrated that the noun phrases of ‘de’ are [material] which cause visible change in the sentence of ‘-de -o nuru.’ Finally, it will be known that the verb’s meaning which can alternate between ‘-ni -o nuru’ and ‘-de -o nuru’ is the ‘appearance formation’ in this hypallage.
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申亨植(Shin Hyung Sik) 미국헌법학회 2011 美國憲法硏究 Vol.22 No.3
민주주의를 심화 발전하는 데 있어 시민교육은 필수불가결하다. 국민들이 그 나라가 추구하고 있는 민주주의의 이념, 민주 정치체제를 명확히 이해하고, 정치과정에서나 사회관계에서 민주적으로 행동할 수 있는 역량을 지니고 있지 않으면 안 되기 때문이다. 이러한 필요성은 미국도 예외가 아니다. 건국 이래 미국에서는 교육이 시민교육의 임무를 띠고 있다고 여겨 왔다. 다시 말해서 미국 입헌민주주의의 가치와 원리에 헌신하면서 교양 있고, 합리적이며, 참여하는 시민이 될 준비를 시킬 임무를 띠고 있다고 여겨 왔다. 미국의 지도자들은 건국 초기부터 민주주의 이념과 정치체제를 국민에게 이해시키고 정치과정과 사회관계에서 그들이 민주적으로 행동할 수 있는 능력과 태도를 함양시키기 위한 시민교육이 필요하다고 인식하였다. 그들은 보수와 진보라는 정치적 이념의 차이에도 불구하고 국가의 발전은 교육받은 시민의 존재가 전제되어야 한다고 믿었고, 교육이야말로 새로운 민주 국가 체제에 요구되는 정치적 덕목과 지식을 가진 시민을 양성하는 최선의 방안이라고 생각하였다. 이 글은 미국 헌법의 기본원칙과 가치에 대한 이해 증진을 위해 미국이 어떤 내용과 방법으로 시민교육을 실시하고 있는지 고찰한다. 이를 위해 우선 미국 시민교육의 전개과정과 시민교육 이론을 살펴본다. 다음으로 미국 시민교육센터에 대하여 설명하고 미국 시민교육의 내용골격과 글로벌 트렌드 및 미국 시민교육의 특징을 분석하면서, 미국 시민교육과 헌법적 기본원칙과 가치에 대해 검토한다. 마지막으로 미국 시민교육의 성과와 과제를 통하여 시민교육의 체계적인 접근방향에 대해 논의한다. Civic education is indispensable for the further development of democracy because it allows the people to understand the ideals of their country's democracy and democratic political system; and it gives them the capability to practice democratically in political processes and social relations. The United States has no exception. Since its founding, the the U.S. education is considered to be responsible for the mission of civic education. In other words, civic education is responsible to prepare cultured, rational and active civilians who are devoted to the values and principles of the constitutional democracy of the United States. Since the early years of the nation's founding, the leaders of the United States realized the needs for civic education to enlighten the ideology of democracy and political system to the people; and to cultivate the ability and attitude to be able to act democratically in political processes and social relations. Despite the difference of the political ideology, the conservative and the liberal, they believed the development of state assumes the presence of educated citizens, and thought civic education is the best idea of cultivating citizens who have political virtues and knowledges which is required in the new democratic state system. This paper discusses how the United States is implementing civic education to enhance the understanding of the basic principles and values of the Federal Constitution. Firstly, the development and the theory of the U.S. civic education are examined. Secondly, the Center for Civic Education is explained; the U.S. civic education and the basic principles and values of the Federal Constitution are considered by analyzing the framework of U.S. civic education, its global trend and characteristics. Lastly, the systematic direction of approach will be discussed through the performances and the tasks of the U.S. civic education.
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