자연산 및 양식산 농어의 영양성분 비교

강동수,배태진,하봉석 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.12 No.2

The differences in the contents of nutritive components of meat were examined between wild and cultured sea bass. Total amino acid contents of the wild sea bass were higher than that of the cultured one. The main amino acids in the both sea bass were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine. The wild sea bass contained higher amounts of glycine than in the cultured sea bass. Total free amino acid contents of the cultured sea bass were higher than that of the wild one. In composition of free amino acid, taurine was abundant, and glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and histidine were the major free amino acids. The contents of glycine, alanine and histidine in the wild fish were higher than those in the cultured one, while the content of taurine was lower. In the contents of nucleotides and their related compounds, IMP was dominant, and followed ADP, AMP, in order. The contents of nucleotides and their related compounds in the cultured sea bass were markedly lower than that of the wild sea bass. In fatty acid composition, C16:0, C18:1, C22:6, C16:1 and C20:5 fatty acids were abundant. The wild sea bass showed higher levels in C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids than the cultured sea bass, while the cultured sea bass contained much amont of C22:6 fatty acid.

양식 넙치, 참돔의 사료 Carotenoids 대사와 체색개선에 미치는 영향

하봉석,강동수,김종현,최옥수,유호영,HA Bong-Seuk,KANG Dong-Soo,KIM Jong-Hyun,CHOI Ok-Soo,RYU Ho-Young 한국수산과학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

양식 참돔과 넙치에 대한 사료 carotenoid의 대사와 체색개선에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein ester, astaxanthin 및 ${\beta}$-apo-8'-carotenal을 각각 첨가한 사료로서 8주간 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 참돔에 있어서 carotenoid 축적율은 astaxanthin diester 첨가구에서 가장 높게 나타나 체색개선 효과가 가장 컸었으며, ${\beta}$-apo-8'-carotenal, astaxanthin monoester 첨가구의 순으로 효과가 컸었다. 2) 참돔의 carotenoid 대사경로는 astaxanthin이 tunaxanthin으로 되는 환원적 대사과정을 가지는 것으로 추정되었다. 3) 참돔 표피의 carotenoid 색소는 astaxanthin diester, tunaxanthin 및 ${\beta}$-carotene이 주성분을 이루고, 천연산과 양식산은 astaxanthin diester와 ${\beta}$-carotene의 함량에서 서로 차이가 있었다. 4) 넙치에 있어서 carotenoid 축적율은 ${\beta}$-carotene첨가구에서 가장 높게 나타나 체색개선 효과가 가장 컸었으며, 그 다음으로 lutein ester첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 넙치의 carotenoid 대사경로는 lutein이 tunaxanthin으로 환원대사되는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다. 6) 넙치 표피의 carotenoid 색소는 zeaxanthin, lutein이 주성분을 이루고, 천연산과 양식산은 lutein과 ${\beta}$-carotene의 함량에서 서로 차이가 있었다. To investigate the effects on pigmentation and carotenoid metabolism of red sea breams Pagrus major and flounders Paralichithys olivaceus by the supplemented carotenoids, fishes wire fed the diet each containing ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein ester, astaxanthin, astaxanthin monoester, astaxanthin diester and ${\beta}$-apo-8'-carotenal for 8 weeks. Carotenoids in the integuments were analyzed. In cultured red sea breams with supplemented carotenoids, carotenoid deposition and pigmentation were higher in order of astaxanthin diester group, ${\beta}$-apo-8'-carotenal group and astaxanthin monoester group. The main carotenoids of red sea breams were astaxanthin diester, tunaxanthin and ${\beta}$-carotene. Difference in the content of astaxanthin diester and ${\beta}$-carotene was observed from natural and cultured red sea breams. In cultured flounders with supplemented carotenoids, carotenoid deposition and pigmentation were higher in order of ${\beta}$-carotene group and lutein ester group. The main carotenoids of flounders were zeaxanthin and lutein. Difference in lutein and ${\beta}$-carotene contents was observed from the natural and cultured flounders. Based on the contents and composition of carotenoids in each group after feeding experimental diet, carotenoid metabolism in red sea breams were presumed the reductive metabolic pathway, astaxanthin to tunaxanthin, and likewise, in flounders, lutein to tunaxanthin.

박 種子油中의 C30Δ5,24-Triterpene Alcohol 및 C29Δ7,22-Sterol의 構造

鄭泰明,安守中,河奉錫 慶尙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.19 No.1

Two kinds of sterol isolated from unsaponifiables of gourd seed oil were identified, the structure as cucurbitadienol(10α-cucurbita-5.24-dien-3β-o1, C30??5,24-triterpene alcohol) and chondrillasterol[(24R)-24ethy1-5α-cholesta-7, E-22-dien-3β-o1; C29??7,22-setrol], by infrared, mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry using lanthanide shift reagent. The former has not been detected in higher plants so far although the compound has been synthesized from similar compound. The latter is unusual in the plant kingdom and has hitherto been found only in several species of green algae(Chlorophyta).

양식 담수어 및 해산어의 사료 Carotenoids 대사의 비교와 체색개선에 미치는 영향

하봉석(Bong-Seuk Ha),권문정(Moon-Jeong Kweon),박미연(Mi-Yeon Park),백승한(Sung-Han Baek),김수영(Soo-Young Kim),백인옥(In-Ok Baek),강석중(Seok-Joong Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 1997 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

무지개 송어, 산천어, 뱀장어, 볼락 및 우럭에 대한 사료 carotenoids의 체내대사와 체색 개선효과를 검토하기 위하여, 사료에 β-carotene, lutein, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin 및 β-apo-8’-carotenal을 각각 첨가하여 4 내지 5주간 사육하여 표피의 carotenoids 성분의 변화를 분석, 비교한 결과는 다음과 같다. 무지개 송어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, β-carotene 및 canthaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, isocryptoxanthin 및 salmoxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, astaxanthin, β-carotene 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 무지개 송어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, β-carotene이 isocryptoxanthin, echinenone 및 canthaxanthin을 경유하여 astaxanthin으로 lutein은 canthaxanthin으로 산화되고, canthaxanthin은 isozeaxanthin을 경유하여 β-carotene으로 환원되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 산천어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin이 주성분이며, 그 외 triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 canthaxanthin 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, lutein, β-carotene 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 산천어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, β-carotene이 zeaxanthin으로 산화되고, lutein은 tunaxanthin을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 β-carotene을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 산화되며 astaxanthin은 triol을 경유하여 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 뱀장어 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, β-carotene이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 lutein, zeaxanthin 및 β-cryptoxanthin등이 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸었고, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 뱀장어 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는, β-carotene과 lutein은 그대로 축적되며, canthaxanthin은 β-carotene으로 그리고 astaxanthin은 zeaxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정 할 수 있었다. 볼락 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C 및 lutein이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 β-cryptoxanthin, α-cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, β-carotene, canthaxanthin 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 볼락 표피에서의 carotenoids의 대사경로는, β-carotene은 lutein으로 산화되며, lutein, canthaxanthin astaxanthin 및 β-apo-8'-carotenal은 zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 각각 산화 및 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. 우럭 표피의 carotenoids 조성은, β-carotene, astaxanthin 및 zeaxanthin이 주성분이였으며, 그 외 α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein 및 canthaxanthin을 소량 성분으로 함유하며, 표피의 carotenoids 축적율은 lutein 첨가구에서 높게 나타나 체색 선명화 효과가 가장 컸으며, canthaxanthin, β-carotene 첨가구의 순으로 나타났다. 우럭 표피에서의 carotenoids 대사경로는 β-carotene은 β-cryptoxanthin으로 산화되고, lutein은 α-cryptoxanthin을 경유하여 β-carotene으로 환원되고, canthaxanthin은 β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 α-cryptoxanthin으로 환원되며, astaxanthin은 isocryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 tunaxanthin으로 대사되며, β-apo-8’-carotenal은 β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin을 경유하여 α-cryptoxanthin으로 환원되는 대사경로를 추정할 수 있었다. Effects of dietary carotenoids were investigated on the metaboβsm and body pigmentation of rainbow trout(Salmo gairdneri), masu salmon(Oncorhynchus macrostomos), eel(Anguilla japonica), rock fish(Sebastes inermis) and black rock fish(Sebastes schlegeβ). Three weeks later after depletion, these fishes were fed diet supplemented with β-carotene, lutein, canthaxanthin', astaxanthin or β-apo-8'-carotena1 for 4 to 5 weeks, respectively. Carotenoids distributed to and changed in integument were analyzed. In the integument of rainbow trout. zeaxanthin, β-carotene and canthaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, isocryptoxanthin and salmoxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of masu salmon, zeaxanthin was found to be the major carotenoids, while triol, lutein, tunaxanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and canthaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of eel, β-carotene was found to be the major carotenoids, while lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were the minor carotenoids. In the integument of rock fish, zeaxanthin, β-carotene, tunaxanthin(A~C) and lutein were found to be the major carotenoids, while β-cryptoxanthin, α-cryptoxanthin and astaxanthin were the minor carotenoids. Likely in the integument of black rock fish, β-carotene, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin were found to be the major carotenoids, whereas α-cryptoxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and canthaxanthin were the minor contributor. The efficacy of body pigmentation by the accumulation of carotenoids in the integument of rainbow trout and masu salmon were the most effectively shown in the canthaxanthin group and of eel, rock fish and black rock fish were the most effectively shown in the lutein group. Based on these results in the integument of each fish, dietary carotenoids were presumably biotransformed via oxidative and reductive pathways. In the rainbow trout, β-carotene was oxidized to astaxanthin via successively isocryptoxanthin, echinenone and canthaxanthin. Lutein was oxidized to canthaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to β-carotene via isozeaxanthin, and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the masu salmon, β-carotene was oxidized to zeaxanthin. Lutein was reduced to zeaxanthin via tunaxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via β-carotene. and astaxanthin was reduced to zeaxanthin via triol. In the eel, β-carotene and lutein were directly deposited but canthaxanthin was reduced to β-carotene, and cholesterol lowering effect by Meju supplementation might be resulted from the modulation of fecal axanthin, astaxanthin and β-apo-8'-carotenal were oxidized and reduced to tunaxanthin via zeaxanthin. In the black roch fish, β-carotene was oxidized to β-cryptoxanthin. Lutein was reduced to β-carotene via α-cryptoxanthin. Canthaxanthin was reduced to α-cryptoxanthin via successively β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. Astaxanthin converted to tunaxanthin via isocryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin, and β-apo-8'-carotenal was reduced to α-cryptoxanthin via β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin.

수산물의 지질에 관한 연구(제5보) - 쏘가리, 꺽지, 누치 및 메기의 근육지질조성의 비교 -

하봉석(Bong-Seuk Ha),강동수(Dong-Soo Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 1990 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.19 No.4

쏘가리, 꺽지, 누치 및 메기의 근육지질성분을 비교하기 위하여 TLC, GLC, column chromatography 그리고 UV-spectrophotometer를 이용하여 총 지질의 지질성분, 총지질의 지방산조성 및 sterol조성 그리고 cholesterol의 함량을 정량하였으며, 중성지질과 극성지질의 지질성분 및 지방산 조성을 분석하였다.<br/> 총지질의 함량은 메기가 7.4%로서, 쏘가리, 꺽지 및 누치의 1.4~2.2%보다 높은데 비하여 불검화물은 메기가 2.6%로서 , 쏘가리, 꺽지 및 누치의 6.0~6.5% 보다 함량이 낮았다.<br/> 총지질을 구성하는 지질성분으로는 triglyceride(74.6~86.5)가 주성분이고, 그 외 극성지질, free fatty acid, esterified sterol 그리고 free sterol을 소량성분으로 함유한다.<br/> 총지질의 지방산조성은 C_(16:0)(19.6~29.2%), C_(16:1)(17.3~30.7%) 그리고 C_(18:1)산(16.8~29.2%)의 함량이 가장 많고, 그 다음으로 C_(14:0), C_(18:2)산이 주요 구성지방산을 이루며, 특히 메기는 polyene산의 함량이 많았다. Sterol성분은 cholesterol만이 검출되었고, cholesterol의 함량은 총지질에 대하여 메기는 8.3㎎/g으로써, 쏘가리, 꺽지 및 누치의 36.9~59.9㎎/g보다 함량이 낮았다.<br/> 총지질에 대한 극성지질과 중성지질의 함량비율은 평균 1:19로서 중성지질의 함량이 높으며 극성지질중에도 인지질의 함량은 메기가 6.0%로서, 쏘가리, 꺽지 및 누치의 23.1~36.3%보다 함량이 낮았다.<br/> 중성지질을 구성하는 지질성분은 triglyceride(84.5~93.4%)가 주성분이고, 그외 free fatty acid, esterified sterol이 소량 검출되었고, 중성지질의 지방산조성은 총지질과 유사하였다.<br/> 쏘가리, 누치 및 메기의 인지질조성은 phosphatidyl serine이 23.1~49.8%, phosphatidyl choline 이 20.8~45.3%로서 인지질의 대부분을 점유하며 phosphatidyl choline이 49.9%, phosphatidyl ethanolamine이 42.3%로서 다른 어종에 비하여 phosphatidyl ethanolamine의 함량이 매우 높게 나타났다.<br/> 인지질의 지방산조성은 C_(16:0)(38.3~46.5%), C_(18:1)(14.2~21.7%) 그리고 C_(16:1)산(11.6~13.8%)의 함량이 가장 많고 그 다음으로 C_(18:2), C_(18:0) 및 C_(17:0)산이 주요 구성지방산을 이룬다.<br/> 당지질의 지방산조성은 C_(16:0)(28.8~40.1%), C_(18:1)(5.4~28.9%), C_(18:0)(5.1~28.9%) 그리고 C_(16:1)산(8.2~20.1%)의 함량이 가장 많고 그 다음으로 C_(14:0), C_(20:1)산이 주요 구성지방산을 이룬다.<br/> 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 비극성지질의 함량이 평균 63.0%를 함유하여 해산어류와 유사하였으며, 그외 각 지질의 지방산조성은 C_(20)산, C_(22)산의 함량이 해산어류에 비하여 절대적으로 적은 특징을 찾아 볼 수 있었다. The lipid compositions including fatty acid, sterol, lipid class and the lipid component of the total lipid extracted from the flesh of some fresh water fishes, i.e. mandarin, cornet, cat fish and Korean perch were compared. The levels of total lipid of flesh tissues from the fresh water fishes were high(7.4%) in cat fish, but low(1.4~2.2%) in mandarin fish, Korean perch and cornet fish. On the contrary, the content of unsaponifiable matters found in total lipid was low (2.6%) in cat fish, but high(6.0~6.5%) in mandarin fish, Korean perch and cornet fish. Total lipids were mainly composed of triglyceride(74.6~86.5 %) as major component in each sample and the other lipid components of total lipid, e.g. polar lipid, free fatty acids and free sterol were the minor components. The major fatty acids in total lipid of each sample were C_(16:0)(19.6~29.2%), C_(16:1)(17.3~30.7 %) and C_(18:1)(16.8~29.2%) and additionally it chiefly consisted of C_(14:0) and C_(18:2). Particularly the contents of polyenoic acids in total lipid of cat fish were higher than those of the other fish samples. The level of cholesterol in total lipid was low(8.3㎎/g) in cat fish, but were high(36.9~59.9㎎/g) in mandarin fish, Korean perch and cornet fish. The contents of fractionated neutral lipid(NL) were higher than those of polar lipid(PL) in each sample. Particularly, phospholipid content in PL was low(6.0%) in cat fish, but were high(23.1~36.3%) in mandarin fish, Korean perch and cornet fish. Neutral lipids were mainly consisted of triglyceride(84.5~93.4%) as major component in each sample and the other lipid components of neutral lipid, e.g. free fatty acids and free sterol were exhibited as a minor components. The fatty acid compositon of neutral lipids was very resembled to total lipids. The phospholipid in mandarin, cornet and cat-fish were mainly composed of phosphatidyl serine(23.1~49.8%) and phosphatidyl choline(20.8~45.3%). The relatively higher amounts of phosphatidyl serine were observed in mandarine, cornet and cat-fish than in Korean perch. But phosphatidyl ethanolamine(42.3%) and phosphatidyl choline(49.9%) were the main phospholipid in Korean perch. The extraordinary high content of phosphatidyl ethanolamine compared to other fishes was characteristics in phospholipid composition of korean perch. The major fatty acids in phospholipid of each sample were C_(16:0)(38.3~46.5%), C_(18:1)(14.2~21.7%) and C_(16:1)(11.6~13.8%) and additionally it chiefly consisted of C_(18:2), C_(18:0) and C_(17:0). The major fatty acids in glycolipid of each sample were C_(16:0)(28.8~40.1%), C_(18:1)(5.4~28.9%), C_(18:0)(5.1~28.9%) and C_(16:1)(8.2~20.1%) and additionally it chiefly consisted of C_(14:0) and C_(20:1).

미색동물 및 패류의 Carotenoids 색소성분과 돌연변이 및 종양세포 증식의 억제효과

하봉석(Bong-Seuk Ha),백승한(Seung-Han Baek),김수영(Soo-Young Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

해양생물에 함유하는 특이한 carotenoids 조성과 이들carotenoids의 생리활성을 밝히고저 미색동물 및 패류의 육과 표피에 존재하는 carotenoids 성분을 분리, 동정하였으며, 이들 marine carotenoids에 대한 돌연변이 유발억제 및 종양세포 증식억제 활성을 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 멍게류의 총 carotenoids 함량은 육에서는 붉은멍게, 미더덕, 참멍게, 이가보야개멍게, 리테르개멍게 및 흑미더덕의 순으로 함유하였고(18.65~2.39 mg%), 미더덕육이 참멍게 육보다 높게 나타나 특이하였으며, 붉은멍게, 참멍게 외는 육의 총 carotenoids 함량이 표피에 비해 높게 나타났다. 멍게류의 carotenoids 조성은 참멍게, 붉은멍게, 혹미더덕 그리고 미더덕에는 cynthiaxanthin(25.1~42.2%), halocynthiaxanthin(9.7~26.3%), diatoxanthin(8.0~18.7%) 및 β-carotene(7.7~21.2%)이, 리테르개멍게에는 canthaxanthin(19.6%), cynthiaxanthin(15.4%), halocynthiaxanthin(14.8%) 및 (3R, 3'R), (3S, 3'S)-astaxanthin(22.6%)이, 그리고 이가보야개멍게에는 fucoxanthin(26. 6%), cynthiaxanthin(21.8%), halocynthiaxanthin(15.2%) 및 β-carotene(9.3%)이 주성분으로 함유하나, 멍게류의 carotenoids 조성은 전체적으로 서로 유사하였다. 그리고 멍게류의 육과 표피의 carotenoids 조성도서로 유사하였다. 시료 패류중에서 비단조개 육, 키조개 난소, 비단가리비 난소 및 재첩 육의 총 carotenoids 함량(2.51~6.83mg%)이 다른 패류에 비해 매우 높았으며, 패류의 carotenoids 조성은 서식환경이 다른 것처럼 전체적으로 서로 상이하였다. 그러나 비단가리비 난소, 코고둥 육 및 굴 육에는 cynthiaxanthin(15.9~39.0%), zeaxanthin(9.6~21.9%)이, 재첩 육과 키조개 난소에는 cynthiaxanthin(21.5~48.6%), mytiloxanthin(14.6%)이, 그리고 비단조개 육에는 canthaxanthin(60.6%), isozeaxanthin(20.5%)이, 이 외다슬기 육 및 백합 육에는 β-carotene(23.7~34.8%) 및 zeaxanthin(18.2~20.4%)이 주성분으로 함유하였다. 또한 굴육에는 diester형 carotenoids가 유리형 carotenoids와 혼합되어 존재하는 것이 특이하였다. 한편, 멍게류 및 패류에서 분리한 주요 carotenoids의 돌연변이 유발억제 효과는 S. typhimurium TA 98에 대하여 20, 50 그리고 100 μg투여시 농도증가에 비례하여, IQ에서는 astaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, mytiloxanthin 및 halocynthiaxanthin 첨가구에서, AFB1에서는 β-carotene, isozeaxanthin 및 mytiloxanthin첨가구에서 유의적으로 돌연변이 유발이 억제되었다. 또한, 멍게류 및 패류에서 분리한 주요 carotenoids의 종양세포증식억제 효과는 5, 10 그리고 20 μg 투여시 농도증가에 비례하여, 자궁경암(HeLa)세포에서는 β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin 및 halocynthiaxanthin 첨가구에서, 위암(NCI-H87)세포에서는 β-carotene, astaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin 및 halocynthiaxanthin 첨가구에서, 결장암(HT-29)세포에서는 β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, mytiloxanthin 및 halocynthiaxanthin 그리고 골육암(MG-63)세포에서는 β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin 및 halocynthiaxanthin 첨가구에서 유의적으로 종양세포 증식이 억제되었다. To investigate the composition of carotenoids present in marine organisms and the biological activity of the carotenoids, carotenoids of the muscles and tunic of tunicates and shellfishes were isolated and identified. Anitmutagenic activities of the carotenoids for S. typhimurium TA 98 and cytotoxic activity for cancer cell lines were determined. Total carotenoid contents in the muscle of tunicata ranged from 18.65 mg% to 2.39 mg%. The highest amount of the total carotenoid was found in the muscle of Halo-cynthia aurantium, followed by Styela clava (HERDMAN), H. roretzi, H. hilgendorfi f. igaboya, H. hilgen-dorfi f. retteri, S. plicata (LESUEUR) in order. Interestingly, total carotenoid content in the muscle of S. clava (HERDMAN) was higher than that of H. roretzi. Total carotenoid content of all tunicata, other than H. aurantium and H. roretzi, were higher in muscle than tunic. The major carotenoids in H. roretzi, H. aurantium, S. plicata (LESUEUR), and S. clava (HERDMAN) were cynthiaxanthin (25.1~42.2%), halocynthiaxanthin (9.7~26.3%), diatoxanthin (8.0~18.7%) and β-carotene (7.7%~21.7%). Similar-ly, cantaxanthin (19.6%), cynthiaxanthin (15.4%), halocynthiaxanthin (14.8%), and (3R,3'R), (3S,3'S)-astaxanthin (22.6%) in H. hilgendorfi f. retteri and fucoxanthin (26.6%), cynthiaxanthin (21.8%), halocynthiaxanthin (15.2%), and β-carotene (9.3%) in H. hilgendorfi f. igaboya were major carotenoids in both tunicate. However, the composition of carotenoids in muscle and tunic of tunicata was similar each other. Among the shellfishes examined, total carotenoid content of the muscle of Peronidia venulosa (Schrenck) and Corbicula fluminea, and of the gonad of Atrina pinnata and Chlamys farreri, was ranged from 2.51 to 6.83 mg% which were relatively higher than that of other shellfishes. The composition of the carotenoids of shellfishes, which might depend upon their living environments, was varied. But cynthiaxanthin (15.9~39.0%) and zeaxanthin (9.6~21.9%) in gonad of C. farreri, and muscles of Buccinum Volutharpa perryi (JAY) and Crassostrea gigas, cynthiaxanthin (21.5~48.6%) and mytiloxanthin (14.6%) in muscle of C. fluminea and gonad of A. pinnata, and canthaxanthin (60.6%) and isozeaxanthin (20.5%) in muscles of P. venulosa (Schrenck), and β-carotene (23.7~34.8%) and zeaxanthin (18.2~20.4%) in muscles of Semisulcospira libertina and Meretrix lusoria were major carotenoids. Interestingly, diester type-carotenoids were present along with free type-carotenoids in muscles of C. gigas. Antimutagenic effect of the carotenoids isolated from tunicata and shellfishes against 2-amino-3-methylimidazol [4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) for S. typhimurium TA 98 was proportional to the amount (20, 50 and 100 μg/plate) treated. Mutagenicity of IQ was significantly reduced by astaxanthin, isozeaxanthin, mytiloxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, whereas the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was significantly reduced by β-carotene, isozeaxanthin, and mytiloxnthin. Growth inhibition effect of carotenoids isolated from tunicata and shellfishes for cancer cell was proportional to the amount (5, 10, and 20 μg/plate) treated. The growth of HeLa cell by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, NCI-H87 cell by β-carotene, astaxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, and halocynthiaxanthin, HT-29 cell by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, mytiloxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin, and MG-63 cells by β-carotene, cynthiaxanthin, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin and halocynthiaxanthin were statistically reduced.

서식환경요인에 따른 피조개육의 Carotenoid색소와 지질성분의 변화

하봉석(Bong-Senk Ha),강동수(Dong-Soo Kang),김용관(Yong-Gwan Kim),김귀식(Kui-Shik Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 1989 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.18 No.1

피조개 양식장의 수질변화와 양성중의 피조개 근육의 carotenoid조성 그리고 지질조성의 변화 등을 비교, 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다.<br/> 해수의 일반정상중, pH, 염분도, 전기전도도는 충무, 여수의 양수역이 비슷 하였으나, 년평균 수온은 충무수역이 약 2℃정도 높았다.<br/> 역수수역은 충무수역보다, 아질산성질소, 암모니아성질소, 인산성인등의 농도가 다소높았고, 특히 슈산성규소의 농도가 2배 정도가 높아 수질이 뒤떨어지는 것으로 판단된다.<br/> 대장균군과 분변계대장균의 변화범위는 충무수역이 3.6~93 / 100ml, 3.0~15 / 100ml이며, 역수수역이 7.3~150 / 100ml, 3.6~20 / 100ml로서 여수수역이 약간 불결하였다.<br/> 대장균의 조성은 Escherichia coli군의 8.9%, Citrobacter freundii군이 33.9%, Enterobacter aerogenes 군이 41.1%, 동정되지 않은 것이 16.1%로 나타났다.<br/> 피조개육의 Hb함량변화는, 충무산이 1.1~2.5g / dl, 여수산이 1.7~4.4g / dl로서, 년평균함량이 충무산보다 여수산이 높았다.<br/> 그러나, 총 carotnoid의 함량변화는, 충무산이 0.80~1.28㎎ / 100g(muscle), 여수산이 0.45~0.99㎎ / 100g(muscle)로서, 년평균함량이 충무산이 여수산보다 높았다.<br/> 피조개의 구성 carotenoids중에서, pectenolone(기하함량비율 : 충무산 63.0%, 여수산 59.0%), β-carotene(평균함량비율 : 충무산 6.5%, 여수산 18.9%), pectenoxanthin(평균함량비율 : 충무산 9.9%, 여수산 9.1%) 그리고 diatoxanthin monoester(평균함량비율 : 충무산 11.2%, 여수산 5.2%)등의 함량이 높게 나타났고, 특히 pectenolone 은 산란기 이전가지는 계속 증가하다가 산란기 이후 감소하며, diatoxanthin monoester는 성장기중 계속 증가하며, β-carotene은 산란기 이전까지 감소하다가 산란기 이후에는 계속 증가하여, 피조개육색에 적접 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다.<br/> 총지질, 중성지질, 및 극성지질등의 각 지질을 구성하는 주요지방산은 양적으로 C_(16:0), C_(18:1), C_(22:6), C_(20:2), C_(18:20), C_(20:5)그리고 C_(18:3)산의 순이었다.<br/> 충무산과 여수산 피조개육의 총지질중에서, 중성지질의 함량은 극성지질의 함량보다 2배량 많았으며, 총지질과 중성지질 함량은 산란기중에 감소하였다.<br/> 그리고 계절별 지질의 지방산조성의 변화에서도, 산란기중에는, 총지질과 중성지질의 polyene 산은 감소하고 포화산은 증가하며, 반대로 당지 질과 인지질의 polyene산은 증가하고 포화산은 감소하는 양상을 보여 대조적이었다.<br/> 총지질의 sterol조성은 충무산과 여수산에서 다 같이, cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol 및 β-sitosterol의 순으로 함유하며, 산란기중에 cholesterol의 함량비율은 감소되고 campesterol은 성장기중 3월에서 11월까지 증가하는 경향을 보였다. The seasonal variations of environmental sea water, and carotenoid and lipid composition of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, Anadara broughtonii in Chungmu and Yŏsu-area were investigated. In the sea water. pH value, salinity, electrical conductivity of Chungmu and Yŏsu-area were similar tendency, but water temperature in annual average at Chungmu-area was about 2℃ higher than that of Yŏsu-area.<br/> The concentration of nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, phosphate-phosphours at Chungmu-area were slightly higher than those at Yŏsu-area. Meanwhile the concentration of silicate-silicious at Yŏsu-area was about 2 times higher than that of Chungmu-area.<br/> The bacterial density of the sea water was ranged from 3.6 to 93/100ml for coliform and 3.0 to 15/100ml for fecal colifrom at Chungmu-area, but the coliform was ranged 7.3 to 150/100ml and the fecal coliform was ranged 3.6 to 20/100 ml at Yŏsu-area.<br/> Among the coliform, 8.9% Escherichia coli, 33.9% Citrobacter freundii 41.1% Enterobacter aerogenes groups were classified and 16.1% was not identified.<br/> In the hemoglobin content of reddish muscle tissue of arkshell, one from Chungmu-area was ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 g/dl and one from Yŏsu-area was ranged from 1.7 to 4.4 g/dl. In total carotenoid content, 0.80 to 1.28㎎mg/100g muscle was in Chungmu-area and 0.45 to 0.99㎎/100g muscle was in Yŏsu-area.<br/> Among the carotenoid compositions, pectenolone content was 63.0% in annual average from Chungmu area and 59.6% from Yŏsu-area, 6.5% from Chungmu area and 18.9% from Yŏsu-area in β-carotene. 9.9% from Chungmu-area and 9.1%from Yosu-area in pectenoxanthin, 11.2% from Chungmu-area and 5.2% from yŏsu-area in diatoxanthin monoester were observed. In the seasonal variation for the major carotenoids, the content of pectenolone was continuously incresed before spawning period and showed the maximum in July, but decresed after spawning period. Diatoxanthin monoester was gradually incresed during all growing period from March to next January. And β-carotene was decresed before spawning period and showed the maximum in July but incresed after spawning period.<br/> The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid classes from total lipid namely neutral-, glyco- and phospholipid were C_(16:0), C_(18:1) C_(22:6), C_(20:2), C_(18:2), C_(20:5)and C_(18:3)acid in the muscle tissue of arkshell.<br/> The content of neutral lipid showed about 2 times higher than polar lipid in the muscle tissue of arkshell from both Chungmu and Yŏsu-area. The content of total and neutral lipid was decresed during spawning period. In the seasonal variation for fatty acid compositions, the content of polyenenoic acid in total and neutral lipid was decresed and saturated acid was incresed. On contrary, polyenoic acid in glyco and phospholipid was incresed and saturated acid was decresed during spawning period from July to September.<br/> The sterol composition in total lipid were mainly consisted of cholesterol, campesterol, brassicasterol and β-sitosterol. Especially, the rate of content in cholesterol showed decrese during spawning period butcampesterol showed increse from March to November.

넙치와 방어의 Carotenoid 색소성분

하봉석(Bong-Seuk Ha),강동수(Dong-Soo Kang),조영숙(Young-Sook Cho),박미연(Mi-Yeon Park) 한국식품영양과학회 1992 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

천연산 및 양식산 넙치와 방어의 표피 carotenoid를 TLC, column chromatography, UV-visible spectrophotometer 및 co-TLC로 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 넙치의 총 carotenoid함량은 양식산 1.16㎎%로서 천연산 1.38㎎%보다 낮은 함량치를 보였고, carotenoid조성은 양식산이 lutein, zeaxanthin, tunaxanthin, trial 및 α-cryptoxanthin의 순으로 함유하였고, 천연산은 tunaxanthin, zeaxanthin, trial, lutein 및 α-cryptoxanthin의 순으로 함유하며, 천연산은 양식산에 비하여 tunaxanthin, trial의 함량이 높은 반면, lutein, zeaxanthin의 함량에서 훨씬 낮은 함량치를 보여 차이가 있었다. 방어의 총 carotenoid 함량은 양식산 0.09㎎%로서 천연산 1.08㎎% 보다 훨씬 낮은 함량치를 보였고, carotenoid 조성은 양식산, 천연산 모두 tunaxanthin의 획분이 총 carotenoid의 약 95%로 대부분을 차지하며, tunaxanthin은 tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B 및 tunaxanthin C의 세가지 혼합물로 확인되어 서로 유사하였으나, tunaxanthin A와 tunaxanthin B의 함량에서 다소의 차이를 보였다. 따라서 어류의 총 carotenoid 함량과 carotenoid의 구성성분은 어종뿐만아니라 먹이와 생육조건 등의 서식환경에 의해서도 상당한 차이가 있는것으로 나타났다. Difference of carotenoid pigments in integuments of the wild and cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus and yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata were studied. Total carotenoid contents in integuments of the wild and cultured flounder were 1.38㎎% and 1.16㎎%, respectively. The main carotenoids in integuments of the wild flonder were zeaxanthin (19.22%), β-carotene type triol (17.80%), tunaxanthin C (17.77%), lutein (16.44%) and tunaxanthin B (13.70%). In addition, tunaxanthin A (5.42%), α-cryptoxanthin (4.80%), astaxanthin (0.69%) and β-cryptoxanthin (0.24%) were also contained in small amounts. But in the cultured flounder, lutein (38.21%) and zeaxanthin (29.69%) were contained as main carotenoids. In addition, β-carotene type triol (7.80%), tunaxanthin C (7.05%), α-cryptoxanthin (4.34%), tunaxanthin B (4.21%), astaxanthin (2.40%) and β-cryptoxanthin (1.30%) were present in small amounts. Consequently, the wild flounder contained higher amounts of tunaxanthin and triol but contained lower amounts of lutein and zeaxanthin than the cultured flonder. The contents of carotenoids from integuments of wild and cultured yellowtail were 1.08㎎% and 0.09㎎%. Wild and cultured yellowtail have similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of tunaxanthin C (44.11%, 43.37%), tunaxanthin B (33.56%, 29.23%) and tunaxanthin A (18.22%, 21.68%), respectively.

연어과에 속하는 열목어와 산천어의 Carotenoid 색소성분의 비교

백승한,하봉석,BAEK Sung-Han,HA Bong-Seuk 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

담수산 어류에 관한 비교 생화학적 연구의 일환으로서, 우리나라 특산의 냉수성 담수 어류인 천연산 열목어와 천연산 및 양식산 산천어의 표피 carotenoids를 TLC, column chromatography 및 HPLC로 분리하고 $NaBH_4$에 의한 환원반응, $I_2$에 의한 이성화반응 및 uv-visible spect-rophotometer로 동정하여 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 열목어 표피의 총 carotenoids 함량은 천연산이 $3.72\;mg\%$으로서 연어과의 다른 어종에 비해 함량이 높았으며 carotenoids 조성은 zeaxanthin $36.9\%$, $\beta-carotene\;14.7\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 triol $7.8\%$, isocryptoxan-thin $7.3\%$, 4-hydroxy echinenone $5.7\%$, lutein $4.7\%$, salmoxanthin $4.5\%$ 및 astaxathin $2.2\%$의 순으로 나타났으며, canthaxanthin, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C, $\beta-cryptoxanthin$ 및 $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$이 미량성분으로 함유되어있다. 산천어 표피의 총 carotenoids 함량은 천연산 $0.82\;mg\%$인데 비하여 양식산은 $0.66\;mg\%$ 로서 천연산이 양식산에 비해 함량이 높았다. carotenoid 조성은 천연산에서 zeaxanthin $20.7\%$, isocryptoxanthin $17.0\%\;\beta-carotene$이 $15.8\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 $\beta-cryptoxanthin\;6.7\%$, triol $6.2\%$, 4-hydroxy echinenone $6.1\%$, salmoxanthin $6.1\%$, canthaxanthin $5.9\%$, Butein $5.8\%$, $\alpha-cryptoxanthin\;4.9\%$ 및 astaxanthin $1.0\%$의 순으로 함유하며, 양식 산에 는 isocryptoxanthin $19.7\%$, $\beta-carotene\;18.0\%$, Beaxanthin $10.3\%$이 주성분을 이루며, 그 외 $\beta-cryptoxanthin\;8.9\%$, $\alpha-cryptoxanthin\;8.5\%$, lutein $8.0\%$, canthaxanthin $7.6\%$, triol $5.1\%$ 및 astaxanthin $2.0\%$의 순으로 함유하였다. 한편 천연산 산천어에는 zeaxanthin, salmoxanrhin 및 4-hydroxy echinenone의 함량이 높은 반면 양식산 산천어에는 $\alpha$-cryptoxanthin의 함량이 높아 서로 다른 경향을 보여 상이하였다. 양식산 산천어에는 천연산 산천어와는 달리, 연어과 특유의 carotenoid인 4-hydroxy echinenone과 salmoxanthin이 검출되지 않았고 또한 천연산 및 양식산 산천어는 천연산 열목어와는 달리 tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B 및 tunaxanthin C가 존재하지 않았다. Carotenoids in integument of wild manchurian trout, Brachymystax lenok, and wild and cultured masu salmon Oncohynchus macrostomus, which are all the Korean native cold fresh water fish, were investigated by thin layer chromatography, column chromatography and HPLC. The total carotenoid contents of the wild manchurian trout were $3.72\;mg\%$ which is relatively higher compare to other species of salmonidae. The carotenoids were composed of $36.9\%$ zeaxanthin and $14.7\%$ $\beta-carotene$ as the major compounds, $7.8\%$ triol $7.3\%$ isocryptoxanthin, $5.7\%$ 4-hydroxy echinenone, $4.7\%$ lutein, $4.5\%$ salmoxanthin and $2.2\%$ astaxanthin as minor compounds, and other carotenoids such as canthaxanthin, tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B, tunaxanthin C, $\beta-cryptoxanthin$ and $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ as minute carotenoids. Wild masu salmon contained more total carotenoids than cultured one and the contents were $0.82\;mg\%$ and $0.66\;mg\%$, respectively. The composition of the carotenoids from wild masu salmon were $20.7\%$ xeaxanthin, $17.0\%$ isocryptoxanthin and $15.8\%\;\beta-carotene$ as major compounds, and $6.2\%$ triol, $6.1\%$ 4-hydroxy echinenone, $6.1\%$ salmoxanthin, $5.9\%$ canthaxanthin, $5.8\%$ lutein, $4.9\%$ $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$ and $1.0\%$ astaxanthin as minor compounds. The composition of the carotenoids from cultured masu salmon were $19.7\%$ isocryptoxanthin, $18.0\%$ $\beta-carotene$ and $10.3\%$ zeaxanthin as the major compounds, and $8.9\%\;\beta-cryptoxanthin$, $8.5\%\;\alpha-cryptoxanthin$, $8.0\%$ lutein, $7.6\%$ canthaxanthin, $5.1\%$ triol and $2.0\%$ astaxanthin as minor carotenoids. Based on these data, wild masu salmon contained more zeaxanthin, salmoxanthin and 4-hydroxy echinenone while cultured masu salmon contained more $\alpha-cryptoxanthin$, indicating that carotenoid pigment of masu salmon depends on their living conditions. Unlike wild masu salmon, 4-hydroxy echinenone and salmoxanthin which are the characteristic carotenoids of salmons, were not found in the integument of cultured masu salmon. Unlike manchurian trout, both wild and cultured masu salmon did not contain tunaxanthin A, tunaxanthin B and tunaxanthin C.

개불의 carotenoid 색소성분

김수영,하봉석,KIM Soo Young,HA Bong Seuk 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

어류 이외의 해양생물의 carotenoid 조성에 관한 비교 생화학적 연구의 일환으로 환형동물문의 개불의 carotenoid 색소성분을 Thin layer chromatography, Column chromatography 및 HPLC로 분리한 후, UV spectrometer, IR spectrometer 그리고 NMR 및 Mass spectrometer를 이용하여 분석, 비교, 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 개불의 총 carotenoid 함량이 3월에 1.19mg/100g 4월에 0.98mg/100g 그리고 5월에는 0.84mg/100g로서 서식 수온이 상승할수록 총 carotenoid의 함량이 감소했다. 채취시기에 따른 개불의 carotenoid 조성의 함량비의 변화를 보면, 3월에는 diatoxanthin monoester $16.3\%$, $\beta$-carotene $14.8\%$ 및 cynthiaxanthin monoester $12.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 anthiaxanthin diester $8.4\%$, zeaxanthin monoester $8.2\%$%, diatoxanthin diester $7.3\%$, astaxanthin $4.2\%$, diatoxanthin $2.9\%$, triol $2.4\%$, anthiaxanthin $2.3\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.7\%$, zeaxanthin diester $1.5\%$, zeaxanthin $0.8\%$ 및 lutein $0.5\%$의 순으로 함유하였으며, 4월에는 diatoxanthin monoester $21.9\%$, anthiaxanthin monoester $17.2\%$ 및 $\beta$-carotene $16.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 zeaxanthin monoester $10.9\%$, cynthiaxanthin diester $5.6\%$, diatoxanthin diester $4.9\%$, astaxanthin $3.1\%$, triol $2.4\%$, diatoxanthin $2.3\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.7\%$, lutein $1.5\%$, zeaxanthin $1.1\%$, cynthiaxanthin $1.0\%$ 및 zeaxanthin diester $1.0\%$의 순으로 함유하였고 그리고 5월에는 diaoxanthin monoester $25.3\%$, anthiaxanthin monoester $19.7\%$, $\beta$-carotene $13.0\%$ 및 zeaxanthin monoester $12.6\%$가 주성분을 이루고 그 외 cynthiaxanthin diester $5.8\%$, diatoxanthin $5.1\%$, astaxanthin $3.0\%$, triol $2.4\%$, diatoxanthin $2.2\%$, isocryptoxanthin $1.3\%$, zeaxanthin $1.2\%$, zeaxanthin diester $1.1\%$, lutein $1.0\%$ 및 cynthiaxanthin $0.9\%$의 순으로 함유하여 개불의 총 carotenoid에는 monoester형 carotenoid의 함량비가 $37.1\~57.6\%$ 및 diester형 carotenoids의 함량비가 $11.5\~17.2\%$로서 주성분을 이룬다. 한편, 개불에서 총 cantenoid 함량이 감소함에 따라 또한 해수의 수온이 상승함에 따라 zeaxanthin monoester, diatoxanthin monoester 및 cynthiaxanthin monoester의 함량비는 증가하는 반면, zeaxanthin diester, diatoxanthin diester 및 anthiaxanthin diester의 함량 비는 감소하여 특이하였다. Carotenoid pigments of echiurid, Urechis unicinctus were investigated during March, April and May as a part of comparative biochemical studies of carotenoid pigments for the marine organisms other than pisces. Total carotenoid contents were found to be 1.19 mg/100 g in March, 0.98 mg/100 g in April and 0.84 mg/100 g in May, indicating that total carotenoid content was negatively affected by the temperature of sea water that echiurid resided. The carotenoid isolated in March composed of $16.3\%$ diatoxanthin monoester, $14.8\%$ $\beta$-carotene and $12.6\%$ cynthiaxanthin monoester, $8.4\%$ cynthiaxanthin diester, $8.2\%$ zeaxanthin monoester, $7.3\%$ diatoxanthin diester $4.2\%$ astaxanthin $2.9\%$ diatoxanthin, $2.4\%$ triol, $2.3\%$ cynthiaxanthin, $1.7\%$ isocrytoxanthin, $1.5\%$ zeaxanthin diester, $0.8\%$ zeaxanthin and $0.5\%$ lutein. The carotenoid isolated in April composed of $21.9\%$ diatoxanthin monoester, $17.2\%$ cynthiaxanthin monoester and $16.6\%$ $\beta$-carotene $10.9\%$ zeaxanthin monoester, $5.6\%$ cynthiaxanthin diester, $4.9\%$ diatoxanthin diester, $3.1\%$ astaxanthin, $2.4\%$ triol, $2.3\%$ diatoxanthin, $1.7\%$ isocrytoxanthin, $1.5\%$ lutein, $1.1\%$ zeaxanthin, $1.0\%$ cynthiaxanthin and $1.0\%$ zeaxanthin diester. Similarly, the carotenoid isolated in May composed of $25.3\%$ diatoxanthin monoester, $19.7\%$ cynthiaxanthin monoester, $13.0\%$ $\beta$-carotene, and $12.6\%$ zeaxanthin monoester, $5.8\%$ cynthiaxanthin diester, $5.1\%$ diatoxanthin, $3.0\%$ astaxanthin, $2.4\%$ triol, $2.2\%$ diatoxanthin, $1.3\%$ isocrytoxanthin, $1.2\%$ zeaxanthin, $1.1\%$ zeaxanthin diester, $1.0\%$ lutein and $0.9\%$ cynthiaxanthin. Based on these data, monoester-type carotenoids ($37.1\~57.6\%$) and diester-type carotenoids ($11.5\~17.2\%$) of total carotenoids in echiurid were the major carotenoids. Meanwhile, when the sea water temperature was elevated and the contents of total carotenoid in echiurids were decreased, the contents of zeaxanthin monoester, diatoxanthin monoester and cynthiaxanthin monoester were increased, but the contents of zeaxanthin diester, diatoxanthin diester and cynthiaxanthin diseter were decreased, indicating that changes in ester-type caroteoids were differently affected by the sea water temperature.