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류종식,Kwang-Sik Lee,Ho-Wan Chang 한국지질과학협의회 2007 Geosciences Journal Vol.11 No.2
To investigate the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of a headwater tributary of the South Han River, we analyzed major elements, stable isotopes of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and sulfur, and strontium (Sr) isotopes of stream and groundwater samples collected from the Song Stream watershed in summer 2003. The stream water samples of the study area were divided into three water types, among which dissolved ion concentrations differed considerably. Our results strongly indicate that the chemical composition of Song Stream is controlled by silicate and carbonate weathering, as well as anthropogenic contamination, and variations in major dissolved ions and Sr isotopic ratios are mainly correlated to lithological variations in the watershed. The dissolved loads of the main channel of Song Stream are largely controlled by carbonate dissolution. Thus, the water chemistry of the main channel is probably dominated by the chemical weathering of carbonates, even where carbonates comprise only a minor proportion of the bedrock geology. The Sr isotopes and Mg/Ca molar ratios indicate that a dolomite end-member may exist in the study area, which would be compatible with the cationic characteristics of Song Stream. All groundwater samples from the study area, except for one, had significantly high nitrate concentrations (0.75–2.42 mmol/L) that exceeded the drinking-water standard and possibly resulted from both sewage and agricultural inputs.
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고강도 운동 시 식이형태가 혈중 그렐린과 렙틴에 미치는 영향
류형수(Ryu, Hyung-Soo),정현령(Jung, Hyun-Lyung),강호율(Kang, Ho-Youl),류종식(Ryu, Jong-Sik) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.4
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the difference between high carbohydrate diet(the traditional Korean diet pattern; KFG) and high fat diet(the traditional Western diet pattern; WFG) on plasma ghrelin and leptin responses in 3-day high-intensity aerobic exercise. The college male students were voluntary participated in this investigation(N=18). Each subject was belonged to either KFG group(n=9) and WFG(n=9). All subjects received 3,000 kcal meal per day in either KFG or WFG for 3 days. The subjects performed treadmill running at the 70% VO2max for 60min on Day1 Day 2 and Day3. Fasting blood samples were drawn from forearm vein and analyzed for lactate, glucose, insulin, leptin, triglyceride, free fat acid(FFA) and ghrelin. Plasma ghrelin levels in KFG were significantly lower than that of WFG on Day 4 (p<.05), but leptin levels were not. Plasma lactate concentrations in KFG was significantly higher than those in WFG (p<.05). Plasma glucose, insulin, triglyceride and FFA levels were not significantly different between KFG and WFG. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that the high carbohydrate meal like KFG have positive effects on decreasing plasma ghrelin that lessens hunger sensation.
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탈착용 종아리 압박 기구 착용이 여자 대학생들의 등속성 운동 시 하지 근기능에 미치는 영향
류종식(Ryu, Jong-Sik),김차룡(Kim, Cha-Ryong),송남석(Song, Nam-Seok),김상영(Kim, Sang-Yeong),황강민(Hwang, Kang-Min),채원식(Chae, Won-Sik),김종근(Kim, Jong-Geun) 한국체육과학회 2018 한국체육과학회지 Vol.27 No.6
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of muscular strength and muscle endurance on the isometric and isokinetic muscular strength of calf compression equipment. The subjects were selected among 18 college students who had no ankle related disorder among 20 subjects. All subjects measured ROM, maximum torque (Peak Torque), and total work of the ankle according to the presence or absence of the compression mechanism. Muscle strength test showed that the peak torque(Nm). Dorsi flexion was 33.41 ± 4.35Nm, 34.66 ± 4.45Nm, and plantar flexion was 120.94 ± 42.24Nm at the lower flexion, respectively, which was not significantly different from 123.97 ± 31.5Nm. Muscle endurance test showed that the total work(Nm). dorsi flexion was lowered from 82.22 ± 8.03Nm to 80.27 ± 7.93Nm, but there was no significant difference. On the other hand, plantar flexion was 237.05 ± 93.64 Nm and 255.94 ± 84.23 Nm, respectively (p<.05). These results suggest that wearing a calf compression equipment and dorsiflexion and flexion exercises will increase the range of static joint motion and improve strength and muscle endurance. In order to improve the ankle joint"s muscular function, Exercise seems to have a positive effect.
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류종식 ( Ryu¸ Jongsik ),김종근 ( Kim¸ Jonggeun ) 한국체육학회 2021 한국체육학회지 Vol.60 No.2
본 연구는 코로나 19 팬데믹으로 인하여 마스크 착용이 일상화된 현 상황에 마스크 착용이 성인 남성의 심폐체력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 남자대학생 11명을 대상자로 선정하여 마스크 미착용(NM), 비말차단마스크 착용(KF-AD), KF94 마스크 착용(KF94), 총 3회에 걸쳐 운동부하검사를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안정 시 마스크 착용 여부 및 마스크 종류는 심박수, 분당환기량, 호흡교환율, 1회 호흡량, 수축기와 이완기 혈압에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 둘째, 최대부하 운동 시 마스크 착용 여부는 분당 호흡수에는 유의한 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 반면, 심박수(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 분당환기량(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 1회 환기량(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 운동지속시간(p<.05, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 최대산소섭취량(p<.001 KF-AD, KF94 < NM), 그리고 환기역치(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM)의 경우 최대부하 운동 시 마스크 착용이 심폐체력에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 마스크 종류에 따른 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 마스크 착용은 최대부하 운동 시 환기능력에 영향을 미쳐 최대산소 섭취량과 환기역치 등의 유산소 퍼포먼스를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 마스크 착용 후 운동 시 운동강도 재설정 및 유산소 퍼포먼스 측정 시 마스크의 영향에 대한 재고가 필요하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 후속 연구에서는 다양한 종류의 마스크 착용에 관한 연구와 실험대상의 범위와 규모의 확대를 통한 데이터 누적을 바탕으로 마스크 착용 시 유산소성 체력 기준 정립 및 운동강도 설정에 관한 연구를 제언한다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing facial masks due to COVID-19 pandemic on cardiopulmonary exercise performance in adult men. To achieve this purpose 11 male university students were participated, followed by three exercise load tests: non-mask (NM), KF-AD mask wear (KF-AD), KF94 mask wear (KF94). The results of this study was as follows. First, the mask did not significantly affect HR, VE, RR, TV, SBP and DBP. Second, wearing a mask during maximum load exercise did not have a significant effect on the respiratory rate per minute (p=.890). On the other hand, wearing a mask during maximum load exercise test had a significant effect on cardiopulmonary fitness such as HR(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), VE(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), TV(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), ToE(p<.05, KF-AD, KF94 < NM), VO2max(p<.001 KF-AD, KF94 < NM), and VT(p<.001, KF-AD, KF94 < NM). However, there were no significant differences depending on the type of mask. Considering the above results, wearing a mask affects the ventilation ability during maximum load exercise, reducing aerobic performance such as VO2max and VT. These results confirmed that after wearing face masks, it is necessary to reconsider the effect of the mask on the reset of exercise intensity and the measurement of aerobic performance.
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초등학생의 신체활동이 신체조성, 혈압 및 기초체력에 미치는 영향
류종식(Ryu, Jong-Sik),강호율(Kang, Ho-Youll) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of physical activity on body composition, blood pressure and physical fitness in elementary school students. For this purpose, 157 sixth graders (89 boys, 68 girls) voluntarily participated in this experiment. Students wore pedometers for seven days, including weekend, except while sleeping and taking shower or bath. Also BMI, WHR, %body fat, blood pressure, muscular strength, muscle endurance, muscular power, flexibility, and Vo2max were measured. The result are as follows. 1) Analysis of body composition by physical activity level showed a significant difference between BMI (p<.01), WHR (p<.01), body fat (p<.01) for boys and BMI (p<.01), body fat (p<.01) for girls. 2) Blood pressure did not show a significant difference depending on the level of physical activity for boys. On the other hand, the girls had significant differences in their systolic blood pressure (p<.05). 3) Analysis of physical fitness by physical activity level showed the there is a significant difference between muscle endurance (p<.001), muscular power (p<.001), flexibility (p<.05), Vo2max (p<.001) for boys and muscle endurance (p<.001), muscular power (p<.05), Vo2max (p<.001) for girls. Physical activity is judged to have a positive effect on healthy body composition, control blood pressure, and improving physical fitness. Therefore, it is important to ensure sufficient physical activity for growing children.
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류종식(Jong-sikRyu),정현령(Hyun-lyungJeong),강호율(Ho-yulKang) 한국체육학회 2018 한국체육학회지 Vol.57 No.1
본 연구는 성장기 남학생의 비우세손과 우세손의 악력 발달과정을 살펴보고 이를 토대로 균형적인 신체 발달을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 피검자는 초등학교에 재학 중인 초등학교 3학년 남학생 82명, 초등학교 6학년 남학생 76명, 중학교 3학년 남학생 108명을 대상으로 비우세손과 우세손의 악력을 측정하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비우세손과 우세손 모두 각각 발육에 따라 악력이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 비우세손과 우세손의 악력에 차이가 있는지 알아본 결과 세 집단 아동 모두에게서 각각 비우세손과 우세손의 악력은 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 단, 왼손잡이의 경우 양 손의 악력에 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 비우세손과 우세손의 악력 차이의 변화를 알아보기 위해 학년에 따른 집단 간 비우세손과 우세손의 악력의 비율 변화를 알아본 결과 초등학교 3학년 남학생의 경우 초등학교 6학년 남학생과 중학교 3학년 남학생에 비해 상대적으로 비우세손과 우세손의 악력 차가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 성장기 남학생의 악력은 발육에 따라 비우세손과 우세손 모두 각각 증가하며, 비우세손과 우세손의 악력은 유의한 차이가 있지만 발육하면서 그 차이는 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine a grip strength development of non-dominant hand and dominant hand on growing male students and provide basic data for balanced physical development. To achieve this purpose, both the non-dominant and dominant hand grip strengths were determined in 82 students of elementary school third grade, 76 students of elementary school sixth grade, and 108 students of middle school third grade, respectively. First, the grip strength increased with the growth of both non-dominant hand and dominant hand, respectively. Second, there was a significant difference in the grip strength difference between non-dominant and dominant hand of all three groups. However, the grip strength difference between non-dominant and dominant hand on the left-handed students were not observed in all three groups. Third, the relative difference of strength in the third grade elementary student was significantly greater than those in other two groups. In conclusion, the results of this observation suggested that the relative grip strength difference between non-dominant and dominant hands was significantly reduced during growing period in male student. In addition, the significant strength difference was not observed in left-handed students in all three groups.
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