전기화학법(電氣化學法)에 의해 생성(生成)된 전해생성(電解生成) 염소(鹽素)를 이용한 루테늄의 침출(浸出)

안종관,이아름,김민석,안재우,이재령,Ahn, Jong-Gwan,Lee, Ah-Rum,Kim, Min-Seuk,Ahn, Jae-Woo,Lee, Jae-Ryeoung 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2013 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구에서는 전기화학법으로 생성된 염소를 산화제로 이용하여 루테늄의 침출에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 휘발성 루테늄산화물의 손실을 막기 위해 전 시스템이 밀폐형으로 제작된다. 루테늄의 침출의 최적조건을 조사하기 위해 pH, 온도, 전해 염소 생성시 인가전류 등의 영향을 조사하였다. 염소전해생성 시스템에 산화전류를 인가하여 염소가스를 발생시키고 침출조에 공급하여 루테늄 용해에 필요한 염소화합물을 생성시켰다. 산화제인 염소화합물의 농도가 포화상태에 도달하였을 때 루테늄 분말시료를 장입하고 침출반응을 진행하였다. 일정시간 간격으로 침출액을 채취하면서 루테늄 침출농도를 분석하였다. 본 실험결과 최적조건은 pH 10, 2 A, $40^{\circ}C$로 이 때 침출률은 88% 이다. In this study, a electrochemical-chemical combined dissolution technology was conducted by electro-generated chlorine to obtain ruthenium solution from ruthenium metal. To find out the optimum leaching conditions of ruthenium in chloride solution, this leaching process was carried out on the variation of pH, reaction time, temperature and applied voltage at the electro-generated chlorine system in the reaction bath. Also, ozone generator was used to obtain ruthenium(III) chloride solution to increase the leaching rate. The optimum condition was observed at pH 10.0, $40^{\circ}C$ within 1 hr of reaction time that more than 88% of ruthenium(III) chloride dissolved.

폐 초내열합금 염산침출 용액으로부터 Alamine304-1을 이용한 레늄의 용매추출분리

안종관,정희경,장재용,김민석,Ahn, Jong-gwan,Jung, Hee-Kyeoung,Jang, Jae-Young,Kim, Min-Seuk 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2015 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.24 No.5

Solvent extraction experiments for the separation and recovery of Re from hydrochloric acid leaching solution of spent super alloy by Alamine 304-1 were carried out. The effects of some variables, such as the nature and concentration of the extractants, HCl concentration, and the presence of impurities were investigated. The synthetic solutions of Re were prepared by dissolving ammonium perrhenate (APR), Alamine304-1, Cyanex272 and $D_2EHPA$ were used solvent extractants distilled in kerosene. The extraction percentage of Re by Alamine304-1 was higher than the other extractants as Cyanex272 and $D_2EHPA$ and the percentage is about 99%. Only 99% of Re was extracted in the presence of Al, Co and V in HCl solution. 폐 초내열합금으로부터 침출된 염산용액에서 레늄을 회수하기 위하여 용매추출법을 이용한 레늄의 분리연구를 수행하였다. 용매추출공정을 통해 수상은 레늄이 용해된 합성용액을 사용하고 추출제의 종류 및 농도, 수상의 pH, HCl의 농도, 불순물의 영향을 조사하는 연구를 진행하였다. 레늄의 원료로 Ammonium perrhenate ((APR), Aldrich, $NH_4ReO_4$)을 사용하였고, 수상에 존재하는 레늄을 유기상으로 추출하기 위해 추출제는 음이온추출제인 Alamine304-1, 양이온추출제인 Cyanex272과 $D_2EHPA$를 사용하였다. 음이온추출제인 Alamine304-1 사용시 레늄의 추출율이 99% 이상 나타났으며 수상의 pH 는 0-2 사이에서 99% 추출되었다. Alamine304-1의 농도를 0.1, 0.5, 1 및 2%으로 조절하여 추출실험한 결과, 농도가 증가함에 따라 추출율이 증가한다. 레늄용액에 알루미늄, 코발트, 바나듐을 첨가하여 용매추출법에 의해 분리 실험한 결과 레늄은 99.8 %으로 추출되었으나 기타 금속들은 거의 추출되지 않았다.

함구리 황산폐액으로부터 LIX84-Kerosene-Span80-H₂SO₄계 유화형 액막법에 의한 구리의 분리 농축

안종관,안재우,신선명,김동진 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.4

The separation and extraction of copper from waste water solutions by the liquid surfactant membrane process using LM84 as an extractant and Span 80 as a surfactant were investigated . In extraction, the extraction rate of copper was greatly accelerated by the presence of sodium acetate and with the increase of pH in the aqueous feed solution. The optimum concentrations of LIX84 and Span 80 in the membrane phase were 7-10 vol. % and 2.5-3vol. %, respectively. Experiments also showed that the concentration ratio of copper was greatly enhanced with the decrease of the ratio of V_(e) and V_(w) and with the decreasing of A/O ratio. After the extraction process, the concentration of copper in the raffinate solution reduced to 1-2 ppm, and the concentration of copper in the internal aqueous solution increased to 20 gll. (Received February 11, 2004)

내열합금 침출액으로부터 Alamine304-1을 이용한 금속이온의 용매추출 거동 및 레늄의 추출

안종관,정희경,이홍찬,김민석 한국열환경공학회 2016 열환경공학 Vol.13 No.1

구리, 니켈 및 코발트를 함유한 염산용액으로부터 LIX84에 의한 구리의 용매추출

안종관,안재우,오영주,이만승 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.3

Solvent extraction experiments with LIX84 have been performed to separate copper from synthetic hydrochloric acid solutions containing copper, nickel and cobalt. Experimental conditions such as solution pH, the concentration of chloride ion and LIX84 and manganese ion, the volume ratio of organic to aqueous phase and pH of stripping solution have been investigated. The optimum conditions for the separation of copper from nickel and cobalt were obtained from the experimental results.

고농도 니켈 침출액으로부터 Na-PC88A에 의한 Co, Mn 및 Zn의 분리에 관한 연구

安鍾寬,朴慶鎬,孫廷秀,안재우 대한금속재료학회 2001 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.39 No.12

Solvent extraction experiments for the separation of impurities from Ni-rich solution were carried out for manufacturing of high purity Ni compounds from acid leaching solution of spent Ni-Cd secondary battery. Synthesised and actual leaching solution were used as aqueous phases and PC88A saponified by sodium in kerosene were used as organic phases. The extraction order is Zn>Mn>Co>Ni and extraction percentage of metal ions was increased with an increase of the concentration of extractant, initial pH of aqueous phase and ratio of O/A The separation of Ni and other impurities was effectively accomplished at the condition of extraction stage = 1, O/A = 1, saponified percent 50%, initial pH 5.0, concentration of extractant 1.0M.

Mixer-setter를 이용한 연속공정에 의한 니켈과 코발트의 분리

안종관,안재우,이만승,김동진 한국자원공학회 2002 한국자원공학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Continuous separation experiments using mixer-settler have been performed to separate cobalt and nickel from hydrochloric acid solutions by Alamine336 dissolved in xylene. The composition of aqueous feed solution was 5.0g/l nickel and 0.7g/l cobalt and 5.0N hydrochloric acid. The mixer-settler consists of three stages extraction, two stages scrubbing, three stages stripping and two stages washing. In extraction, 99% of cobalt was extracted into the organic phase but the extraction percentage of nickel was negligible. Nickel in the organic phase was removed in two stages scrubbing by 6.0N hydrochloric acid solution. Over 92% of cobalt was stripped from the organic phase by 0.1N hydrochloric acid solution at the volume ratio of organic to aqueous of 2. After stripping, the organic phase was washed by 3.0N hydrochloric acid solution at the volume ratio of organic to aqueous of 2 and this washed organic solution could be reused in extracting metals. 추출제로 Alamine336을 사용하여 mixer-settler를 이용한 연속공정으로 코발트와 니켈 의 추출 분리거동을 조사하였다. Mixer-settler에 공급되는 수상의 니켈 및 코발트의 농도는 5.0g/l 및 0.7g/l 이며, 염소이온의 농도가 5.0N인 합성용액을 사용하였다. Mixer-settler는 3단의 추출공정(Extraction), 2단의 세 정공정(Scrubbing), 3단의 탈취공정(Stripping), 2단의 세척공정(Washing)으로 구성되었다. 추출반응시, 코발트는 약 99%가 유기상으로 추출되며 니켈의 경우에는 거의 추출되지 않았다. 유기상의 니켈은 6.0N 염산용액을 이 용하여 2단의 세정공정에 의해 제거할 수 있었다. 유기상중의 코발트는 유기상 대 수상의 비를 2:1로 조절하 고 0.1N 염산용액을 이용하여 3단의 탈취공정에서 92%를 회수할 수 있었다. 탈취공정을 행한 후, 유기상을 3.0N의 염산용액으로 세척하면 재사용이 가능하였다.

미생물처리를 이용한 산업폐기물로부터 금속의 제거 및 회수

안종관,김동진,Debaraj Mishra 한국자원공학회 2005 한국자원공학회지 Vol.42 No.5

Biometallurgical processes have been employed globally in the removal and recovery of valuable metals from industrial wastes. The toxicity of the mine waste contaminants can be abated by biosorption, bioremediation and biotransformation. In these conventional processes microorganisms play a potential role to mobilize the heavy metals and thus help in reducing toxicity. Metals like Hg, Cr, As, Se and Te can be transformed or volatilized by methanogenic bacteria. Bioleaching also has an attractive alternative in recovering metals from different industrial wastes. In these processes, metals like Zn, Cu, Al, Ni, Pb, Mn and Fe can be recovered from mine drainage, waste sludge, river sediments and electronic scrap. The present review describes different biological processes which are applied to treat industrial wastes. 산업폐기물로부터 유가금속의 제거와 회수시 최근에는 생물학적 제련법이 널리 주목받고 있다. 중금속을 용해시키거나 독성을 감소시키는 미생물을 이용하여, 흡착, 복원, 전환 등의 방법으로 광산 폐기물의 유독성을 감소시킬 수 있다. 수은, 크롬, 비소, 세륨 그리고 텔륨과 같은 금속은 메탄산화 박테리아에 의하여 변환되거나 용이하게 휘발된다. 또한 미생물 침출법을 활용할 경우, 광산폐수, 폐기물 슬러지, 하천 침전물, 전자 스크랩 등으로부터 아연, 구리, 알루미늄, 납, 망간 그리고 철과 같은 금속성분을 회수할 수 있다. 본 해설에서는 산업폐기물을 처리하는데 적용할 수 있는 여러 가지 생물학적인 처리방법에 대하여 기술하였다.

특허정보(特許情報)를 이용한 희소백금족(稀少白金族) 특성(特性)과 회수기술(回收技術)

안종관,이강명,이재령,Ahn, Jong-Gwan,Lee, Kang-Myoung,Lee, Jae-Ryeong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.4

지각 내 존재비율이 0.4 ppb 이하인 희소백금족 로듐, 루테늄, 이리듐, 오스뮴 원소에 대해 특성을 조사하고 일본을 중심으로 한 기술선진국의 특허 등록된 회수 및 분리기술을 정리함으로써 국내 발생 폐자원으로부터 희소백금족 회수기술과 원료소재화 활용기술 개발 필요성을 제시하고자 한다. Rare platinum group (RPG)including rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium, exists at the rate of 0.4 ppb or less in the earth's crust. For the purpose of suggestion to developing necessity for recycling technology with the RPG, survey on the characteristics and the recovery technologies was carried out by using patent information.

임플란트와 지대주간 내측 연결을 갖는 임플란트 보철의 유한요소 응력분석

안종관,계기성,정재헌,Ahn, Jong-Kwan,Kay, Kee-Sung,Chung, Chae-Heon 대한치과보철학회 2004 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Statement of problom: In the internal connection system the loading transfer mechanism within the inner surface of the implant and also the stress distribution occuring to the mandible can be changed according to the abutment form. Therefore it is thought to be imperative to study the difference of the stress distribution occuring at the mandible according to the abutment form. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of 3 implant systems with internal connection under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. Material and method: Three finite element models were designed according to the type of internal connection of ITI(model 1), Friadent(model 2), and Bicon(model 3) respectively. This study simulated loads of 200N in a vertical direction (A), a $15^{\circ}$ inward inclined direction (B), and a $30^{\circ}$ outward inclined direction (C). Result: The following results have been made based on this numeric simulations. 1. The greatest stress showed in the loading condition C of the inclined load with outside point from the centric cusp tip. 2. Without regard to the loading condition, the magnitudes of the stresses taken at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, and the abutment were greater in the order of model 2, model 1, and model 3. 3. Without regard to the loading condition, greater stress was concentrated at the cortical bone contacting the upper part of the implant fixture, and lower stress was taken at the cancellous bone. 4. The stress of the implant fixture was usually widely distributed along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the abutment post. 5. The stress distribution pattern of the abutment showed that the great stress was usually concentrated at the neck of the abutment and the abutment post, and the stress was also distributed toward the lower part of the abutment post in case of the loading condition B, C of the inclined load. 6. In case of the loading condition B, C of the inclined load, the maximum von Misess stress at the whole was taken at the implant fixture both in the model 1 and model 2, and at the abutment in the model 3. 7. The stress was inclined to be distributed from abutment post to fixture in case of the internal connection system. Conclusion: The internal connection system of the implant and the abutment connection methods, the stress-induced pattern at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, and the abutment according to the abutment connection form had differenence among them, and the stress distribution pattern usually had a widely distributed tendency along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the a butment post.