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Goto, M.,Bae, H.,Lee, S.S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5
Effect of a surfactant Tween 80 on the bacterial growth in the rumen was examined on the in vitro pure cultures of Streptococcus bovis, Selenomonas ruminantium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Prevotella ruminicola, Megasphaera elsidenni, Fibrobacta succinogenes, Ruminanococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Dry matter degradability (DMD), concentrations and compositions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), and the most probable number (MPN) of cellulolytic bacteria and total number of bacteria in the presence of Tween 80 were also examined on the in vitro rumen mixed culture either with barley grain or orchardgrass hay. The growth of S. bovis, S. ruminantium, B. fibrisolvens, P. ruminicola, M. elsidenni and F. succinogenes were significantly higher (p<0.05) at over 0.05% concentrations of Tween 80 than those of the control cultures, while was not changed with R. albus and R. flavefaciens. With rumen mixed culture the DMD of barley grain and orchardgrass hay was significantly higher (p<0.05) at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 than the control, being reflected in the significantly higher (p<0.05) VFA production (mmol $g^{-1}$DDM) with orchardgrass hay. The higher (p<0.05) ratio of propionate to acetate at a 0.2% concentration of Tween 80 was also observed with orchardgrass hay, showing a similar trend with barley grain. No changes in the total bacterial number and MPN of cellulolytic bacteria were observed.
Tu, T H,Kim, C-S,Kang, J-H,Nam-Goong, I S,Nam, C W,Kim, E S,Kim, Y I,Choi, J I,Kawada, T,Goto, T,Park, T,Yoon Park, J H,Choi, M-S,Yu, R Macmillan Publishers Limited 2014 International journal of obesity Vol.38 No.8
Background:4-1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, has a role in various inflammatory pathologies through its interaction with 4-1BB ligand. We previously demonstrated that it participates in initiating and promoting obesity-induced adipose inflammation in a rodent model.Objective:In this study, we examined whether 4-1BB is related to obesity-induced adipose inflammation and metabolic parameters in humans.Methods:A total of 50 subjects, 25 obese (body mass index (BMI)⩾25 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) and 25 lean (BMI<23 kg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) participated in the study. The levels of 4-1BB transcripts and soluble 4-1BB protein (s4-1BB) in subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Inflammatory and metabolic parameters were measured by enzymatic analysis and immunoassay.Results:Obese subjects had higher levels of both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue than lean controls, and the levels were correlated with BMI and the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as with serum metabolic parameters. Moreover, s4-1BB was released from human adipocytes, and elicited chemotactic responses from human monocytes/T cells as well as enhancing their inflammatory activity, indicating that it may promote human adipose inflammation.Discussion:Our data demonstrate that elevated levels of 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB in adipose tissue are closely associated with obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. They suggest that both 4-1BB transcripts and s4-1BB could serve as novel biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic syndrome in humans.
S–N Fatigue and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviors of X80 Steel at Room and Low Temperatures
Jung, D. H.,Kwon, J. K.,Woo, N. S.,Kim, Y. J.,Goto, M.,Kim, S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Physi Vol.45 No.2
<P>In the present study, the S-N fatigue and the fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviors of American Petroleum Institute X80 steel were examined in the different locations of the base metal (BM), weld metal (WM), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) at 298 K, 223 K, and 193 K (25 degrees C, 50 degrees C, and 80 degrees C). The resistance to S-N fatigue of X80 BM specimen increased greatly with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 193 K (25 degrees C to -80 degrees C) and showed a strong dependency on the flow strength (1/2(yield strength + tensile strength)). The FCP rates of X80 BM specimen were substantially reduced with decreasing temperature from 298 K to 223 K (25 degrees C to 50 degrees C) over the entire Delta K regime, while further reduction in FCP rates was not significant with temperature from 223 K to 193 K (-50 degrees C to -80 degrees C). The FCP rates of the X80 BM and the WM specimens were comparable with each other, while the HAZ specimen showed slightly better FCP resistance than the BM and the WM specimens over the entire Delta K regime at 298 K (25 degrees C). Despite the varying microstructural characteristics of each weld location, the residual stress appeared to be a controlling factor to determine the FCP behavior. The FCP behaviors of high strength X80 steel were discussed based on the microstructural and the fractographic observations. (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013</P>
Frequency Responses of Ambulatory ECG Systems and Their Correction by a Compensation Circuit
Iwao, K.,Yokoi, A.,Suzuki, S.,Goto, T.,Doniwa, K.,Okajima, M. The Korean Society of Medical and Biological Engin 1990 의공학회지 Vol.11 No.1
Frequency responses of ambulatory electrocardiogram systems were measured. Phase shift was assessed by our improved Wagner's method. The characteristics of the systems were found much worse than that of ordinary ECG equipment both in gain and phase responses. The decay of -3dB in amplitude observed in 0.2Hz and the lead of 45 dog in phase was observed in 0.6Hz. In order to investigate which of these 2 responses play major role in generating false S -T deviation, mathe- matical filters were Composed in a computer and actual ECGs were fed. The false S-T deviation were found to be caused mostly by enormous lead in phase, and then, the compensation circuit to diminish the lead in phase was inserted in the commercial systemes. The compensated systems showed no false deviation in S-T segment.
Chiral BEDOT-based copolymers prepared by chemical and electrochemical polymerization
Y.S. Jeong,H. Goto,S. Iimura,T. Asano,K. Akagi 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5
Optically active conjugated copolymers, poly[1,4-bis[2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl]-2,5-benzoic acid-1-methylheptyl ester] [poly(BEDOT-B(OCT.)], were synthesized by chemical and electrochemical oxidative polymerizations. Poly[BEDOT-B(OCT.)] of both(R) and (S) conguration were synthesized by introducing chiral octyloxycarbonyl group in the side chain. The dibromo com-pounds, (R)-1 and (S)-1, were prepared by Mitsunobu reaction by an esterication of (R) o r (S)-octanol and 2,5-dibromobenzoicacid with an aid of diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) in tetrahydrofuran. The monomers were thenprepared with Stille coupling technique using Pd(PPh3)4Cl2 as a catalyst to produce (R)-1 and (S)-1. The monomer was electropo-lymerized onto platinum button and ITO glass electrodes by repeated scanning from. 1.0 V to +1.0 V versus Ag/Ag+ at 20 mV/s.The polymer was electrochromic and reversibly switching from purple green upon oxidation. The chemical polymerization was alsocarried out in dimethylformamide with a Ni(cod)2 catalyst. Optical absorption and circular dichroism (CD) measurements wereof chiral polymer with helicity, which can disclose a possibility toward chiralelectrochemistry.
Goto, M.,Bae, Hee-Dong,Yahaya, M.S.,Karita, S.,Wanjae, K.,Baah, J.,Sugawara, K.,Cheng, K.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
The study evaluates the enzymatic dry matter (DM) degradability and water holding capacity of leaf and stem fractions of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at different growth stages with or without the presence of surfactant Tween 80. While Tween 80 significantly (p<0.05) increased water and enzyme holding capacities in the leaf blades fraction, less was observed in the fraction of leaf sheath and stem of orchardgrass. The enzyme holding capacity in the leaves was also altered more than that for water holding capacity. This resulted in the increased rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of the leaf blade fractions at two growth stages, whereas little was with leaf sheath and stem fractions. It was also observed that at 0.005% concentrations of Tween 80 the enzymatic DM degradability of young leaf blades was higher (p<0.05) by 20-30% compared to that of the control, as well as for water and enzyme holding capacity. For matured leaf blades the DM degradability were increased with over 0.01% concentrations of the surfactant, but the increase was less than leaf blades of young orchardgrass. This result suggests the possibility of using the surfactant Tween 80 to improve forage digestibility in the rumen.
Goto, M.,Teshima, N.,Han, S.Z.,Euh, K.,Yakushiji, T.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2013 Engineering fracture mechanics Vol.110 No.-
The effects of post equal channel angular pressing annealing on microstructure and high-cycle fatigue behavior of ultrafine-grained copper were examined. Grains with sizes up to a few tens of micrometers surrounded by fine grains were formed after the annealing as a result of discontinuous recrystallization. The fatigue life of annealed samples in the short- and medium-life fields was found to decrease, while in the long-life field, the fatigue strength at 3x10<SUP>7</SUP> cycles was about 9% greater than that of ultrafine-grained copper without annealing. Long-term stressing for as-received ultrafine-grained samples produced large grains over 100μm as a result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization. For annealed samples, there were no significant differences in grain sizes between pre- and post-stressing, showing the higher stability of bimodal microstructure. This stability was related to the slightly increased fatigue strength in long life fields. The effect of bimodal microstructure on the growth behavior of small surface-cracks was discussed.
Goto, M.,Karita, S.,Yahaya, M.S.,Kim, W.,Nakayama, E.,Yamada, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.1
Effects of supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells on fiber-degrading activity and cell growth of Ruminococcus albus (R. albus, strain 7) was tested using a basal substrate of rice straw and formulated concentrate. Cultures of R. albus alone and R. albus with rumen protozoa were grown at $39^{\circ}C$ for 48 h with an 8.4% crude protein (CP) substrate, 33% of the CP supplemented with either ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal. The ruminal epithelial cells had lower amounts of rumen soluble and degradable protein fractions as compared to defatted soybean meal, as determined by an enzymatic method, and the same was found with amino acid composition of protein hydrolysates. Ruminal epithelial cells were directly utilized by the R. albus, and resulted in greater growth of cell-wall free bacteria compared to defatted soybean meal. The effect of epithelial cells on bacterial growth was enhanced by the presence of rumen protozoa. In consistency with cultures of R. albus and R. albus with rumen protozoa, fermentative parameters such as dry matter degradability and total volatile fatty acid did not differ between supplementation with ruminal epithelial cells or defatted soybean meal.