Polysaccharide from Polygonatum Inhibits the Proliferation of Prostate Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Cells

Han, Shu-Yu,Hu, Ming-Hua,Qi, Guan-Yun,Ma, Chao-Xiong,Wang, Yuan-Yuan,Ma, Fang-Li,Tao, Ning,Qin, Zhi-Hai Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.8

Inhibition of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) may improve the efficacy of cancer therapy. Polysaccharide extracted from polygonatum can selectively inhibit the growth of prostate-CAFs (p<0.001) without inhibiting the growth of normal fibroblasts (NAFs). Polysaccharides from polygonatum stimulate autophagy of prostate-CAFs. 3-methyl-adenine(3-MA) is an autophagy inhibitor. 3-MA was added to prostate-CAFs with polysaccharide from polygonatum to determine whether autophagy plays an important role in the restrained effect. Finally, polysaccharide from polygonatum treatment significantly increased the activation of Beclin-1 and LC3, key autophagy proteins. Polysaccharide from polygonatum stimulates autophagy of prostate-CAFs and inhibits prostate-CAF growth, indicating that a novel anti-cancer strategy involves inhibiting the growth of prostate-CAFs.

Magnolol enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors: possible involvement of GABAergic systems

Ma, Hong,Kim, Chung-Soo,Ma, Yuan,Nam, Sang-Yoon,Kim, Dong-Seon,Woo, Sung-Sick,Hong, Jin-Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 Phytotherapy research Vol.23 No.9

<P>This study was performed to investigate whether magnolol enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the GABAergic systems. Magnolol prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, magnolol increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. The expression of the GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor &agr;-subunit was increased selectively by magnolol, but magnolol had no effect on the abundance of &bgr;- or &ggr;-subunits. The expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) was not influenced by magnolol. It is suggested that magnolol may enhance pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the activation of GABAergic systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>

Honokiol Potentiates Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors through GABA(A) Receptor CI- Channel Activation

( Yuan Ma ),( Hong Ma ),( Young Jun Jo ),( Dong Seon Kim ),( Sung Sick Woo ),( Ri Hua Li ),( Jin Tae Hong ),( Dong Cheul Moon ),( Ki Wan Oh ),( Jae Soon Eun ) 한국응용약물학회 2008 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.16 No.4

Korea Red Ginseng Alters Electroencephalogram Spectra of Sleep-Wake Stage in Rats

Yuan Ma,Jae Soon Eun,Jae-Hoon Cheong,Dong-Kwon Rhee,Jin Tae Hong,Ki-Wan Oh 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.3

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanolextract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 ㎎/㎏) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 ㎎/㎏) decreased the power density of the δ-wave (0.75-4.5 ㎐) and increased α-wave (8.0-13.0 ㎐) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased δ-wave power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 ㎎/㎏) increased δ-wave and decreased θ-wave (5.0-9.0 ㎐) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.

Sanjoinine A Isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen Augments Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors through the Modification of GABA-ergic Systems

Ma, Yuan,Han, Huishan,Eun, Jae Soon,Kim, Hyung-Chun,Hong, Jin-Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2007 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.30 No.9

<P>Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS) has been widely used for the treatment of insomnia in oriental countries. This experiment was performed to investigate whether sanjoinine A, one of major alkaloid compounds of ZSS, has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Sanjoinine A itself did not induce sleeping at the higher dose used in this experiment. However, sanjoinine A prolonged sleeping time and reduced the sleeping latency induced by pentobarbital in a dose-dependent manner similar to muscimol, a GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor agonist. Sanjoinine A also increased sleeping rate and sleeping time when administered combined with pentobarbital at a sub-hypnotic dosage and showed synergistic effects with muscimol in potentiating sleeping onset and enhancing sleeping time induced by pentobarbital. In addition, both sanjoinine A and pentobarbital increased chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Sanjoinine A also showed similar effects with muscimol in potentiating chloride influx inducing effects of low dose pentobarbital. Sanjoinine A decreased GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor α-subunit expression and increased γ-subunit expression, and had no effects on the abundance of β-subunits in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, showing different subunit expression from pentobarbital. In addition, we found that sanjoinine A also enhanced expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), but pentobarbital did not. In conclusion, sanjoinine A itself does not induce sleeping, but it augments pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors through the modification of GABA-ergic systems.</P>

Obovatol isolated from <i>Magnolia obovata</i> enhances pentobarbital-induced sleeping time: Possible involvement of GABA_A receptors/chloride channel activation

Ma, Hong,Jo, Young-Jun,Ma, Yuan,Hong, Jin-Tae,Kwon, Byoung-Mog,Oh, Ki-Wan Elsevier 2009 Phytomedicine Vol.16 No.4

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study aimed to investigate the effects of obovatol isolated from <I>Magnolia obovata</I> on pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors and to determine whether these effects were mediated by GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptors/chloride channel activation, using a western blot technique and Cl<SUP>−</SUP> sensitive fluorescence probe. GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptors subunits expression and chloride influx were investigated in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Obovatol (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2mg/kg) prolonged the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital (42mg/kg). In addition, obovatol (20 and 50μM) significantly increased Cl<SUP>−</SUP> influx in the primary cultured cerebellar granule cells. Moreover, obovatol increased the expression of GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor α-, β-, and γ-subunits. However, it had no effect on the abundance of the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), suggesting that obovatol might not activate GAD. These results suggest that obovatol potentiates pentobarbital-induced sleeping time through the GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptors/chloride channel activation.</P>

Therapeutic Effects of Ginseng on Psychotic Disorders

Yuan Ma,Jae Soon Eun,Ki-Wan Oh 고려인삼학회 2007 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.31 No.3

Ginseng, the root of Panax species, a well-known herbal medicine has been used as a traditional medicine for thousands of years and is now a popular and worldwide used natural medicine. Ginseng has been used primarily as a tonic to invigorate weak bodies to help the restoration of homeostasis in a wide range of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune deficiency and hepatotoxicity. Although conclusive clinical data in humans is still missing, recent research results have suggested that some of the active ingredients ginseng exert beneficial effects on central nervous system (CNS) disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting it could be used in treatment of psychotic disorders. Data from neural cell cultures and animal studies contribute to the understanding of these mechanisms that involve inhibitory effects on stress-induced corticosterone level increasing and modulating of neurontransmitters, reducing Ca²? over-influx, scavenging of free radicals and counteracting excitotoxicity. In this review, we focused on recently reported medicinal effects of ginseng and summarized the possibility of its applications on psychotic disorders.

A new paradigm of N back task for the focus of attention

( Yuan Ma ),( Tsutomu Fujinami ) 한국감성과학회 2019 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2019 No.-

We propose a new approach to investigating the focus of attention (FoA) by revising the N back paradigm, which is popular for cognitive training by providing a range pair of targets that need to be identified in different conditions. We review firstly the mainstream work in the field of focus of attention, especially those regarding the expendability perspective of dynamic capacity acquired through the training by N back (mainly 1 to 5) tasks. However, the N back paradigm employed in related works can be adjusted to study the dynamic capacity of FoA with a new presentation of targets with two new characteristics that can obtain an initial capacity model similar to those employed in related work. The first one is to present only one symbol without location information. The second one is to employ shape-based symbols for presenting targets instead of numbers to reduce the effect due to the associative memory. In the future, the improved FoA capacity through the training of the new paradigm will be valid owing to the fact that these characteristics reduce the impact of paradigm based on the location information and associative memory.

Ginseng Extract Regulates the Alterations of Sleep Architecture and EEG Power Spectra in Restraint Stressed Rats

Yuan MA,Jae Soon EUN,Shulong YANG,Kwang Seung LEE,Eun-Sil LEE,Chung-Soo Kim,Ki-Wan OH 고려인삼학회 2010 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.34 No.1

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the regulation of sleep architecture by the red ginseng water extract (RGE) in acutely and chronically restraint stressed rats. Adult rats were fitted with sleep?wake recording electrodes. Following post-surgical recovery, rats were extensively habituated for freely moving polygraphic recording conditions. Polygraphic signs of sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h after RGE administration and induction of stress and were analyzed to understand the regulation of sleep architecture. Acute stress decreased wakefulness and increased total sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both the daytime and nighttime recording. RGE shortened the daytime NREM and REM sleep, without changing the wakefulness and total sleep. RGE increased nighttime wakefulness, and decreased total, NREM and REM sleep. Chronic stress increased wakefulness and decreased total sleep in the daytime recording, and increased REM and decreased NREM sleep in both the day and night time recording. RGE ameliorated chronic stress and induced alterations of REM and NREM sleep in the day and night time sleep architecture. Acute and chronic stress could also induce alternations in cortex electroencephalogram (EEG) recording during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness. These findings suggest that RGE may modulate the sleep behavior in acutely and chronically stressed rats and the ameliorating effect of RGE on the sleep architecture may involve in modulation of α-, θ- and δ- wave activities of the cortical EEG.

Korea Red Ginseng Alters Electroencephalogram Spectra of Sleep-Wake Stage in Rats

Ma, Yuan,Eun, Jae-Soon,Cheong, Jae-Hoon,Rhee, Dong-Kwon,Hong, Jin-Tae,Oh, Ki-Wan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.3

The present investigation was performed to evaluate the homeostatic regulation of sleep architecture by the ethanol extract of Korea red ginseng (KRG), since the available data were often controversial. In addition, it was also interested in whether the sleep-wake stages were differently affected by low and high doses of KRG. Each adult Wistar male rat was implanted with a transmitter for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. After one week of surgery, polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h (between 9:00 am and 9:00 pm) after KRG administration. KRG (10 and 100 mg/kg) increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep as well as total sleep. The total percentages of wakefulness were decreased comparably. KRG (10 mg/kg) decreased the power density of the ${\delta}-wave$ (0.75-4.5 Hz) and increased ${\alpha}-wave$ (8.0-13.0 Hz) in the NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. KRG also decreased ${\delta}-wave$ power density in wake time. However, KRG (100 mg/kg) increased ${\delta}-wave$ and decreased ${\theta}-wave$ (5.0-9.0 Hz) power density in wake time, while showed little effect on the power density in NREM and REM sleep. In conclusion, low and high doses of KRG increase spontaneous sleep and NREM sleep and differently regulate the EEG spectra in REM and NREM sleep.