Cytokine and Tumor Environments

Jin Tae Hong1*, Ju Kyung Song, Sun Mi Kwon, Byung Woo Ahn, Youngsoo Kim, Sang Bae Han 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1

Cytokines are known to function as regulatory molecules that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell type in the body, including lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and many others. Cytokines include lymphocyte-derived factors (lymphokines), monocyte-derived factors (monokines), hematopoietic factors (colony-stimulating factors), connective tissue/growth factors, and chemotactic chemokines. Cytokines released in response to infection can affect tumor development in different ways. When exposed to infectious agents, cytokines are secreted by sentinel cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. These cytokines include interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as others, such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18. When released in sufficient quantities, these molecules can cause inflammation. Chronic inflammation is highly associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. In this article, we review the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor development.

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.

물리교육에 있어서 측정값 처리에 관한 분석

洪鎭泰 東亞大學校 1984 東亞論叢 Vol.21 No.3

Exact calculation of the various listed data on the basis of measurement theory is carried out to investigate the errors on data handling included in the scientific text books. Errors on the printed values, which are due to the rough verval explanation, are found in these books. Even if the derived values from the indirect measurement have the same significant figures as the measured values, the checking for precision is needed. Typical errors for attention in treating the data are listed on the exemplified table for a guide of handling the data and writing the book.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

2000년 부산광역시 서구에서 발생한 세균성이질 역학조사 평가

홍상기,김정규,전진호,손혜숙,이종태 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.3

Purposes : Bacillary Dysentery is one of the representative infectious disease that widely occurred in recent years, Korea. This study was performed to propose the helpful advices for control of Bacillary Dysentery outbreak based on an assessment of the results of epidemiological survey for Bacillary Dysentery outbreak on May 16, 2000 in Busan. Methods : Subjects were 7,188 peoples who showed diarrhea and contacted with active participants in a religious meeting and suspected cases surveyed from May 16 to May 31, 2000. Direct interview about participation, presence of diarrhea, and history of spring water drinking, and rectal swab on the patients who had diarrhea were done. Results : Among 7,188 peoples, 458 patients had simple diarrhea, and 135 patients confirmed infected with Shigella sonnei. Among confirmed cases. 94.8% had actively participated the religious meeting. The first case occurred on May 10, and consecutive outbreak was concentrated on May 12 and 13. Elementary school children(40.7%) and their parents(35.6%), and women(65.2%) were majority of the confirmed cases. Drinking history of the spring water during the meeting was highly suspected as a cause of this outbreak(odds ratio=3.29, 95% confidence interval=1.59∼6.82). Food intake history was not checked because with low possibility of causing factor. Conclusions : This outbreak appear to be closely related to drinking not sterilized spring water when participating in a religious meeting. However, actual route of transmission was not defined because the epidemiological survey was started six days after the first attack, and, could not find the causative agent in the spring water. The prompt epidemiological survey thought to be essential and important when occurred episode. And also, cooperation with the corresponding health authorities would be very important when the outbreak occurred distant area as this episode. Personal and public concerns and efforts should be sustained to prevent the outbreak and spread-out of Bacillary dysentery.

Monte Carlo Computer Simulation에 의한 Neutron Guide의 분석

홍진태,김종율 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Monte Carlo 컴퓨터 시물레이션에 의하여 곡율반경이 주어진 중성자 가이드가 1차원에서 분석되었다. 선택된 가이드는 폭 4.5 mm 높이 50 mm의 단면적과 300 m의 곡율반경을 갖는 소형 가이드이다. 4 Å의 단색, 등방성 중성자원에 의하여 가이드의 입구가 조사되었을 때 가이드의 출구에서 가이드를 통과한 중성자들의 각 및 위치분포가 결정되었다. 또한 transmission 효율, transmitted intensity 및 평균반사 횟수등이 중성자 파장의 함수로 계산되었다. Monte Carlo computer simulation mathod was used to analyze the properties of a one-dimensional curved guide. A simulation code tracing the behavior of neutrons within neutron guide systems was delveloped by authors for determining the transmission characteristics of the curved-neutron gudes. Spatial and angular distributions of the neutrons transmitted along a neutron guide was calculated for a 4 Å mono-energetic isotropic neutron source, neglecting imperfect reflectivity. Transmission efficiency, transmission intensity, and average number of reflections were also calculated as a function of wavelength.

하이브리드 광경화를 이용한 소광 도료 연구

홍진후,주형태,한승택 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 2004 生産技術硏究 Vol.26 No.1

We investigated the effects of photosynergist and LED curing on the kinetic and film properties of UV curable coatings containing micro-silica. Cure kinetics were studied by DPC and the degree of curing at the surfaces and the interfaces with substrate were investigated by FT-IR/ ATR. Coating properties such as hardness, gloss, chemical and stain resistances and adhesion of the UV cured films containing various concentration of micro-silica were investigated. The results showed that UV cured films containing micro-silica provide an excellent matting property while sacrificing chemical resistance due to the surface morphology and oxygen inhibition. The UV cured films containing photosynergist produced superior surface properties such as chemical resistance while sacrificing the adhesion and matting properties. LED-UV dual curing system was proposed to optimize the process for the system where both high matting and excellent coating properties are required.

일 농촌지역에서 발기부전의 유병률 및 상관 요인

홍진표,송해철,이무송,이창화,안준호,한오수,안태영,김성윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in a rural area of Korea and to examine the relationship between the prevalence and correlates of subjects. Method : This study was done as a part of the chronic disease survey of rural area by the Asan Foundation. Among 30 years or older population from Jung Eup, a rural area of Korea, 711 male subjects were sampled using a cluster probability sampling method. Trained interviewers visited and interviewed subjects aged 30 years or older with a structured interview. ED was categorized as 'none', 'mild', 'moderate', or 'severe' according to the ability to 'attain and/or maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse'. Response rate was 54.3% (N=386). Results : The age weighted prevalence of ED was 27.2% (minimal 14.1%, moderate 7.6%, severe 5.5%). Prevalence and severity increased with age. Liver disease and underweight were significantly (p<0.05) associated with ED. Smoking seemed to be correlated with ED, but did not reach statistically significant level. Conclusion : ED was highly prevalent in the rural community of Korea. Medical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables associated with ED may alert physicians to patients at risk for ED and offer insight to its etiology.

物的視角에서의 道의 解釋

홍진태 동아대학교 인문과학대학 인문과학연구소 1994 인문과학연구 Vol.- No.-

The purpose of this study was to compare the expressions presented in chapter 1 of "Dodugkyong", with the general concepts of physics and to investigate the concept of tao in the physical view. The equation(R-2,l0): I ↔int T→T' or (g o f)(t_(a))=g{f(t_(a))}=g(t_(b))=b is able not only to simplify the concept of tao in the physical view but also to eliminate the puzziness from Lao-tzu's description. In the intellectual knowledge of natural and human life, the contents of cognition pursuiting organic and complementary relation be useful for reducing intellectual preponderance between the heterogeneous areas. Tao is understood in the natural patterns as an existance form of energy whose attribute is dynamic and varialbe and a representation of order. Every existance cognized by modem scientific language is a form of energy. The representations of the first chapter of "Dodugkyong" show considerable analogy with moderan physical patterns in spite of the big differences of the times and descriptive language.