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Anti-hyperlipidemic Effects of Red Ginseng Acidic Polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng
Kwak, Yi-Seong,Kyung, Jong-Soo,Kim, Jong Soo,Cho, Jae Youl,Rhee, Man-Hee Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.3
<P>It has been reported that red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP), isolated from Korean red ginseng, displays immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities. In a follow-up study, we have carried out a study on the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of RGAP using hyperlipidemic rats acutely induced by Triton WR1339 or corn oil intravenously injected. Oral administration of RGAP (100 to 1000 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of triglyceride (TG) up-regulated by Triton WR1339, an inducer of endogenous model hyperlipidemia. Moreover, RGAP treatment was shown to significantly decrease the levels of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concomitant with TG reduction. However, such reduction effects were not observed in cases of total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipid levels increased under the same conditions, although there was an inhibitory tendency. Similar suppressive patterns were also seen in hepatic parameters (total lipids and TG) under the same conditions. The exogenous hyperlipidemic rat condition triggered by corn oil also supported the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of RGAP in serum and hepatic parameters of TG and NEFA. Interestingly, RGAP significantly enhanced the serum activity of lipoprotein lipase, a key hydrolytic enzyme of lipid molecules in lipoprotein, in a dose-dependent manner up to 80%, implying potential involvement of this enzyme in lowering TG and NEFA by RGAP. Therefore, our data suggest that RGAP may play an additional role in reducing hyperlipidemic conditions, which can be used as a valuable neutraceutical application for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.</P>
Kwak, Yi-Seong,Moon, You-Jin,Kyung, Jong-Soo,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Rhee, Man Hee 대한의생명과학회 2020 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.26 No.2
This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical chemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Crude saponin was prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum with Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography after extraction of 80% ethanol at 75℃. The crude saponin was confirmed by thin layer chrmatography. When compared with ginseng saponins, the crude saponin had both a few number of saponins and a broad distribution. Forty male rats (200±20 g) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD-treated (TT) group received TCDD (40 ㎍/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally; Platycodon grandiflorum saponin (PG5 and PG10) groups received crude saponin 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (p.o), respectively, for 2 weeks before 1 week of TCDD-exposure. Increase of body weight was retarded greatly by TCDD-exposure. Body weight of animals in TT group was significantly decrease after 2 days of TCDD-exposure. However, body weights of animals in PG groups increased through the experimental perimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Increases in contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) and activities of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and LDH by toxic action of TCDD were significantly attenuated by crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that crude saponin prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum might be a member of useful protective agents against TCDD, which is one of the environmental hormones.
KWAK, YI-SEONG,KOBAYASHI, TETSUO,AKIBA, TERUHIKO 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1994 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.4 No.1
A water sample was taken from a black smoker chimney of a deep-sea hydrothermal vent by using an unmanned submersible "Dolphin 3K". The temperature of the hydrothermal fluid from the black smoker was 276℃. After isolation by repeated serial dilutions, An extremely thermophilic bacterial strain was selected. The strain designated as DT1331, was an anaerobic, non-motile, coccoid shaped bacterium with about 0.5 to 1.0 ㎛ in diameter. The strain DT1331 could grow up to 93℃, but the optimum temperature of this strain was 80℃. The growth occurred in the pH range of 4.5 to 8.5 and the optimum pH was 6.0. The strain DT1331 required 1% to 5% NaCl for growth and cell lysis was observed below 1% NaCl concentration. The bacterium could grow on polypeptides such as tryptone, peptone, soytone and on proteins such as casein or gelatin. However, no growth was observed on single amino acids, sugar and organic acids. Hydrogen gas was detected slightly during growth. This bacterium obligately required elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide gas was produced during growth.
곽이성(Yi-Seong Kwak),최영기(Young-Gi Choi),권현정(Hyun-Jeong Kwon),김나미(Na-Mi Kim) 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.3
홍삼농축액분말을 발효주정을 이용하여 과립입자를 제조한 후 이것을 원심력에 의해 부유시키고 성장시켜 100% 홍삼농축액 환을 제조하는 새로운 원심분리 코팅방법을 개발하였다. 본 방법은 홍삼농축액을 순차적으로 분무하면서 흡입공기 온도 60~70℃, 분무공기 압력 3.0~4.0 bar, 투입구 온도 20~50℃, 투입속도 1~1,000 g/min, 회전판속도 1,000~1,500 rpm, 외부온도 (outlet temperature) 25~40℃ 의 조건으로 제조하였다. 홍삼농축액환의 제조수율은 85% 이었고, 제조에 소요된 시간은 7~8 시간 이었다. 홍삼농축액환은 홍삼농축액 분말에 비해 흡습성 내성이 매우 우수하였고, 비중감소에 의해 물에서의 용해시간도 1 분 이내로 우수하였다. 반면 홍삼의 활성 및 지표성분인 진세노사이드는 제조과정 중 큰 성분분해없이 안정하였다. The centrifugal coating granulating system, a new method of preparing red ginseng extract pills, has been developed. The red ginseng extract was first powdered with 85.5% of edible ethanol and dried for 3 to 4 hours at 50℃. The powders were fed in chamber of centrifugal coating granulating system and then granulated, sequentially. The centrifugal system operated at 20 to 50℃ of inlet temperature, 1 to 1,000 g/min of feeding speed, 60 to 70℃ of atmosphere temperature of intake, 3.0 to 4.0 bar of spray atmosphere pressure, 1,000 to 1,500 rpm of centrifugal plate speed and 25 to 40℃ of outlet temperature. The product yield was about 85% and preparation time was 7 to 8 hours. Especially, major ginsenoside components of red ginseng were not decomposed after processing of red ginseng extract pill.
고려홍삼 조사포닌 분획이 노령 암컷 흰쥐의 생리적 기능에 미치는 영향
곽이성(Yi-Seong Kwak),위재준(Jae-Joon Wee),황석연(Seok-Yeon Hwang),경종수(Jong-Soo Kyung),김시관(Si-Kwan Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2000 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.29 No.3
본 연구는 여성 갱년기장애에 대한 홍삼의 효과를 조사할 목적으로 수행하였다. 홍삼의 효과는 자연적으로 갱년기 장애가 유도되었다고 생각되는 자성 노령흰쥐를 사용하여 홍삼 조사포닌 분획을 투여(20 mg/kg,b.w./day)한 후 그 효과를 조사하였다. 홍삼조사포닌 분획은 노령쥐의 체지방 축적으로 야기되는 체중 증가를 다소 감소시키는 것으로 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 노령쥐는 젊은 쥐에 비해 혈중 당, 총콜레스테롤, BUN 함량이 증가하였는데 조사포닌 분획의 투여는 혈당, 총콜레스테롤 함량 및 BUN함량증가를 유의하게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05, p<0.01). 노령쥐는 노령화에 따른 간기능의 저하로 GOT 및 GPT 활성이 증가하였으나 사포닌의 투여는 GOT 및 GPT 활성증가를 억제하여 간기능을 젊은 쥐의 수준으로 회복시킴을 알 수 있었다(p<0.01). 노령쥐의 대퇴골은 사포닌투여와 관계없이 현저한 무게차이가 관찰되지 않았으나 대퇴골중 무기이온 Na^+ 함량은 사포닌 투여시 약2배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 사실로부터 홍삼조사포닌 분획은 노령쥐의 혈당, 총콜레스테롤, BUN 함량증가를 억제하는 효과를 나타내며 또한 노령화에 따른 간기능 관련 생화학 지수를 개선하는 것으로 사료된다. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of crude saponin fraction of red ginseng on climacteric disturbances of old rats. The effects of crude saponin fraction of red ginseng were evaluated by using old rat (12 month±1 week), in which climacteric disturbances were considered to be induced spontaneously. The saponin fraction was prepared by Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography and spirit. A total of 36 rats were divided into 3 groups : young normal rat (NC), old rat not treated with saponin (NT) and old rat treated with saponin (NS). The body weight of NS group was constant throughout the experimental period, while that of NT group increased 6.2%. The blood sugars, total cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen in NT group were increased when compared with those of young rats (NC). However, the contents were significantly reduced in NS group (p<0.05, p<0.01). The activities of GOT and GPT in NT group were 202, and 96 IU/L but those of NS group were decreased to 174 and 69 IU/L, respectively, which were almost same levels of NC group. These results suggest that crude saponin fractions of red ginseng improves decline of liver function spontaneously induced by aging.