MODELING AND ANALYZING INDIVIDUAL DRIVER’S STEERING BEHAVIOR BASED ON ROLLING LOCAL-PATH PLANNING DECISION

Chen Xiaobing,Yao Qiang,Zhang Ju 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.2

A good understanding driver behavior is significant in the development of chassis control system and autonomous vehicles. To better simulate human drivers, the driver model with the local path rolling planning decision is developed based on model predictive control algorithm. Firstly, three local path planning methods of straight-line driving, circular-arc driving and B-spline curve driving are designed to describe the different steering styles. Secondly, the linear timevarying (LTV) MPC controller is established to follow the local planned path. Finally, the two typical simulations are carried out and compared with the single-point preview driver model and the optimal preview driver model. And, the results indicate that the proposed driver model is suitable for simulating diversity of the human driver’s driving characteristics.

COMPETING OR ALIGNING? MOBILE OPERATOR’S PRICING ADAPATATION TO THE CHALLENGES FROM OTT

Rong Chen,Xiaobing Xu,Feng He 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.10

In this paper, OTT (Over-The-Top) refers to voice, video and data services that arrive from a third party service provider (SP) and doesn’t require any business or technology affiliations with the network operator (Southwell 2011). Traditional telephone companies (telcos) are under big threat from OTT messaging applications which have been splitting flow of text message and voice from the former. Even though, mobile operators still enjoy some asymmetric advantages by controlling the basic telecommunications infrastructure, monitoring the network usage and distinguishing between different OTT actors (Bertin et al. 2011). From a market structure perspective, mobile telecoms industry with the entrance of OTT messaging applications is analogous to the traditional dual-channel structure. On one hand, mobile operators “sell” communication services such as SMS and voice directly to subscribers; on the other hand, they “wholesale” the network infrastructure to OTT SPs on which OTT applications distribute text, picture, video and voice for end users. Extant research has extensively examined the channel selection, channel competition and coordination in traditional sectors (Cai 2010; Cattani et al. 2006; Chiang et al. 2003; Dumrongsir et al. 2008). However, the explanation of dual channel might not be well applicable to the mobile operator and OTT issue considering some new features in the industry. 1) comparing with traditional product distribution, the mobile operators are selling “the right to use the network”, thus they could both charge the “access” and “usage” fee. 2) unlike the traditional retailing channel where consumers make payments to retailer, consumers using OTT would pay network usage fee (data fee) to the mobile operator. 3) traditional retailors earn their profits by selling products with a higher price than the wholesale price. However, OTT services aim to develop their own business after accumulation of sufficient quantities of users, such as revenues form ads, traffic guidance and so on. This paper is conducted to analyze the pricing strategy of mobile operators facing the challenge of OTT. For simplicity, we assume a monopoly market, namely one mobile operator provide network infrastructure for one OTT messaging service provider who provides communication service for consumers. Based on dynamic game theory, we show that: firstly, under non-cooperative strategy, a mobile operator should charge OTT a positive network access fee which is positively correlated to OTT platform’s future commercial value and direct communication service price, and negatively correlated to indirect communication service; secondly, under cooperative strategy, a mobile operator and OTT could create a more joint profit than that under non-cooperative strategy. The platform access fee that the joint venture charges end users is negatively correlated with OTT platform future commercial value; thirdly, despite the choice of cooperative or non-cooperative strategy, the price of direct communication products has a negative correlation with OTT platform future commercial value and a positive correlation with the platform quality; while the price of indirect communication products is positively correlated with platform future commercial value and is negatively correlated with OTT platform quality. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the managerial implications for mobile operators and OTT SPs. With regard to policy makers, we suggest that a convenient cooperation environment should be provided, because both mobile operator and OTT SP would obtain a high profit under cooperative condition than that under non-cooperative condition and at the same time consumers could also enjoy a better welfare. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71172011 and 71272160) and NCET-12-0772.

COMPETING OR ALIGNING? MOBILE OPERATOR’S PRICING ADAPATATION TO THE CHALLENGES FROM OTT

Rong Chen,Xiaobing Xu,Feng He 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

In this paper, OTT (Over-The-Top) refers to voice, video and data services that arrive from a third party service provider (SP) and doesn’t require any business or technology affiliations with the network operator (Southwell 2011). Traditional telephone companies (telcos) are under big threat from OTT messaging applications which have been splitting flow of text message and voice from the former. Even though, mobile operators still enjoy some asymmetric advantages by controlling the basic telecommunications infrastructure, monitoring the network usage and distinguishing between different OTT actors (Bertin et al. 2011). From a market structure perspective, mobile telecoms industry with the entrance of OTT messaging applications is analogous to the traditional dual-channel structure. On one hand, mobile operators “sell” communication services such as SMS and voice directly to subscribers; on the other hand, they “wholesale” the network infrastructure to OTT SPs on which OTT applications distribute text, picture, video and voice for end users. Extant research has extensively examined the channel selection, channel competition and coordination in traditional sectors (Cai 2010; Cattani et al. 2006; Chiang et al. 2003; Dumrongsir et al. 2008). However, the explanation of dual channel might not be well applicable to the mobile operator and OTT issue considering some new features in the industry. 1) comparing with traditional product distribution, the mobile operators are selling “the right to use the network”, thus they could both charge the “access” and “usage” fee. 2) unlike the traditional retailing channel where consumers make payments to retailer, consumers using OTT would pay network usage fee (data fee) to the mobile operator. 3) traditional retailors earn their profits by selling products with a higher price than the wholesale price. However, OTT services aim to develop their own business after accumulation of sufficient quantities of users, such as revenues form ads, traffic guidance and so on. This paper is conducted to analyze the pricing strategy of mobile operators facing the challenge of OTT. For simplicity, we assume a monopoly market, namely one mobile operator provide network infrastructure for one OTT messaging service provider who provides communication service for consumers. Based on dynamic game theory, we show that: firstly, under non-cooperative strategy, a mobile operator should charge OTT a positive network access fee which is positively correlated to OTT platform’s future commercial value and direct communication service price, and negatively correlated to indirect communication service; secondly, under cooperative strategy, a mobile operator and OTT could create a more joint profit than that under non-cooperative strategy. The platform access fee that the joint venture charges end users is negatively correlated with OTT platform future commercial value; thirdly, despite the choice of cooperative or non-cooperative strategy, the price of direct communication products has a negative correlation with OTT platform future commercial value and a positive correlation with the platform quality; while the price of indirect communication products is positively correlated with platform future commercial value and is negatively correlated with OTT platform quality. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the managerial implications for mobile operators and OTT SPs. With regard to policy makers, we suggest that a convenient cooperation environment should be provided, because both mobile operator and OTT SP would obtain a high profit under cooperative condition than that under non-cooperative condition and at the same time consumers could also enjoy a better welfare. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71172011 and 71272160) and NCET-12-0772.

Research on soil net nitrogen mineralization in Stipa grandis grassland with different stages of degradation

Wanyu Wen,Xiaobing Li,Lihong Chen,Dandan Wei,Han Wang,Meng Zhang,Jing Yu 한국지질과학협의회 2016 Geosciences Journal Vol.20 No.4

Net nitrogen mineralization is one of the nitrogen cycling process, and it is very important to understand nitrogen mineralization characteristics in degradation grassland. In the upper 0–10 cm soil layer of Stipa grandis P. A. Smirn. grassland in the Xilin river basin, Inner Mongolia, we studied the soil net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification among three varying stages of degradation grassland and analyzed the relationship between the mineralization rate of the soil net nitrogen and environmental factors, using the resin-core incubation method. Our results demonstrated that, from May to October 2012, the accumulated net nitrogen mineralization was 21.620 mg kg–1, 12.486 mg kg–1, and 48.053 mg kg–1 in the slightly, medium, and heavily degraded grasslands, respectively and varied greatly among the three stages of degradation shown by the S. grandis grassland plots. During the cultivation period, the variation of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification was similar to the variation of soil mineral nitrogen. The higher soil mineral nitrogen content indicated higher mineralization of net nitrogen. In July and August, soil moisture was positively correlated with the net nitrogen mineralization rate, and the correlation coefficients between these two factors of 0.73, 0.58, and 0.79 for the slightly, medium, and heavily degraded plots, respectively. The rates of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were negatively correlated with soil total nitrogen, but positively correlated with C/N ratio, and weakly correlated with other physicochemical properties.

Hexadecanoic Acid from Buzhong Yiqi Decoction Induced Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Dong-Feng Chen,Xican Li,Zhiwei Xu,Xiaobing Liu,Shao-Hui Du,Hui Li,Jian-Hong Zhou,He-Ping Zeng,Zi-Chun Hua 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.4

Buzhong Yiqi decoction (BYD) is a well-known ancient tonic prescription in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The purpose of this study is to identify active components of BYD involved in promoting proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to investigate its mechanism. BYD was extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol, and water. Evidence provided by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, bromodeoxyuridine, proliferation cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity, cell cycle analysis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that hexadecanoic acid (HA) in BYD extracted with petroleum ether is the active compound responsible for increasing proliferation of MSCs. Western blot analysis show that HA significantly increase retinoic acid receptor (RAR) levels of MSCs, but not estrogen receptor, thyroid hormone receptor, vitamin D receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that HA significantly increased RAR mRNA levels. Furthermore, the mechanism of HA action depends on RAR pathway and up-regulates expression of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor-I, the target gene of RAR. Our findings have now allowed for a refinement in our understanding of TCM with respect to pharmacological regulation of stem cells and may be useful to stem cell biology and therapy.

Prognostic Perspectives of STING and PD-L1 Expression and Correlation with the Prognosis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancers

( Qi Sun ),( Yao Fu ),( Xiaobing Chen ),( Lin Li ),( Hongyan Wu ),( Yixuan Liu ),( Haojun Xu ),( Guoren Zhou ),( Xiangshan Fan ),( Hongping Xia ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2022 Gut and Liver Vol.16 No.6

Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear. Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC. (Gut Liver 2022;16:875-891)

Dynamic processes of hyporheic exchange and temperature distribution in the riparian zone in response to dam-induced water fluctuations

Dongsheng Liu,Jian Zhao,Xiaobing Chen,Yingyu Li,Shipan Weiyan,Mengmeng Feng 한국지질과학협의회 2018 Geosciences Journal Vol.22 No.3

We examined the dynamic processes of hyporheic exchange and temperature distribution in a riparian zone in response to low-temperature water fluctuations downstream of the Xin’an River Dam, China, using analytical and mainly hydrodynamic methods. For this purpose, we installed six HM21 piezometers (R, P1–P5) between the river water and the groundwater at an interval of approximately 2 m perpendicular to the flow path. We also installed 20 PT100 thermistors (T1–T20) along the transect at depths of 1.19 m to 3.58 m and monitored the temperatures of river and air. Water levels and temperatures were automatically logged every 5 min by the real-time system from November to December 2014 and sent to the remote platform through the remote terminal unit. Results revealed that the intensity and direction of the hyporheic exchange (Q) between the river water and the groundwater varied periodically (t = 1 d) with the water level of the river. In each cycle, the Q was in a counterclockwise loop curve with the water level of the river and with the non-uniform distribution along the transect perpendicular to the river, which showed that the farther the lateral exchange was away from the river, the lower its intensity and the more hysteretic the alteration of its direction. The daily exchange width and residence time had no necessary connection with the average river stage, but mainly depended on the amplitude of the fluctuating river stage and the duration of river infiltration and established a strong linear relationship with their product. The temperature distribution of the riparian aquifer was mainly affected by the surface radiation and river water infiltration. It was characterized as “cool on the surface and warm at the bottom” in the vertical direction and could be divided into low-, medium-, and high-temperature zones along the horizontal direction. The horizontal infiltration distance (L) increased by power functions with the increase in infiltration rate (v) and decrease in river temperature (T).

Association between Toll-Like Receptor 9 -1237T/C Polymorphism and the Susceptibility of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Meta-Analysis

Bing Xia,Jian Shang,Xiaobing Wang,Wei Wang,Huaqin Pan,Shi Liu,Lixia Li,Liping Chen 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.1

Purpose: The -1237T/C polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene has been implicated in the susceptibility of inflammatorybowel diseases (IBDs), but the results remain conflicting. We further investigated this association via meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: Multiple electronic databases were extensively searched until February, 2015. The strength of associationwas evaluated by calculating the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 2987 cases and 2388 controls from eight studies were analyzed. Overall, association was found between TLR9 -1237T/C polymorphism and the risk of IBDs when all the studies were pooled (recessive model, OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–2.47, p=0.04; homozygote comparison, OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04–2.52, p=0.03; allele model, OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.00–1.27, p=0.05). Stratificationby ethnicity indicated an association between TLR9 -1237T/C polymorphism and IBDs risk in Caucasians (recessive model,OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.02–2.47, p=0.04; homozygote comparison, OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.04–2.52, p=0.03; allele model, OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.00–1.27, p=0.05). When stratified by disease type, significant correlation were only found in the Crohn’s disease subgroup (recessive model, OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.05–2.73, p=0.03; homozygote model, OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.07–2.82, p=0.02; allele model, OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01–1.32, p=0.04). Conclusion: The present study suggested that the TLR9 -1237T/C polymorphism might act as a risk factor in the development of IBDs, particularly in Caucasians.

Intra Mode Selection for Depth Map Coding in 3D-HEVC

Qiuwen Zhang,Ming Chen,Lixun Huang,Qiliang Zhu,Xiaobing Wang,Yong Gan 한국산학기술학회 2014 SmartCR Vol.4 No.5

3D high efficiency video coding was recently standardized by the Joint Collaborative Team on 3D Video coding as an extension of high efficiency video coding. In the current 3D high efficiency video coding method, new depth intra modes including Depth Modeling Modes and Region Boundary Chain coding are used for depth map coding. These partition-based intra modes achieve the highest possible coding efficiency, but take an extremely long time, which hinders the practical application of the new standard. In this paper, we propose an efficient intra mode selection algorithm for depth map coding in 3D high efficiency video coding. It makes use of the coding information from a spatial neighboring depth map treeblock and the co-located texture video treeblock to predict the depth map intra mode treeblock and terminate its mode decision process early. The experimental results show that the proposed intra mode selection algorithm can achieve the average computational savings of about 40% with a negligible loss of rate distortion performance in 3D high efficiency video coding intra-only configuration.

Efficient removal of Cr(VI) by spent coffee grounds: Molecular adsorption and reduction mechanism

Yue Hu,Meiting Zhi,Shilin Chen,Wenguan Lu,Yinlong Lai,Xiaobing Wang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.7

Spent coffee ground (SCG), a byproduct from the soluble coffee industry, is usually discarded as waste. Thereutilization of SCG for the removal of toxic heavy metal ions is a novel research direction. Until recently, the molecularadsorption and reduction mechanism of Cr(VI) on SCG was barely investigated. In this study, SCG was used forthe efficient removal of Cr(VI) at a concentration range of 2-100mg/L, with a maximum Cr(VI) uptake up to 36.2mg/g. Structural characterization and ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that SCG possessed abundant surface O and N- containingfunctional groups. The corresponding adsorption and reduction effects on the Cr(VI) removal were investigatedby the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups elimination experiments and ATR-FTIR characterization, respectively. Theresults revealed that HCrO4 ions were preliminarily adsorbed on SCG surfaced-COOH/-OH/-NH by the formation ofhydrogen bond (SCG surfaced-COOH/-OH/-NH···HCrO4), and quickly reduced to Cr(III) by the electron denoted byphenolic compounds, and then in-situ immobilized on the surface of SCG. The effect of Cr(VI) concentration, coexistingions, and humic acid was systematically studied to optimize the removal of Cr(VI) wastewater. Column experimentsprovided a new substitution to restore the Cr(VI)-containing groundwater for the permeable reactive barrierapplication. Thus, the proposed study uncovered the intrinsic Cr(VI) removal mechanism at the molecular level andexplored the application of SCG for the efficient removal of Cr(VI).