The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus

Xiao‑xia Ma,Yi‑ning Wang,Xiao‑an Cao,Xue‑rui Li,Yong‑sheng Liu,Jian‑hua Zhou,Xue‑peng Cai 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.9

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein. The synonymous codon usage bias was found in different folding units in PPRV N protein. To better understand the role of translation speed caused by variant tRNA abundances in shaping the specific folding unit in N protein, we modeled the changing trends of tRNA abundance at the transition boundaries from one folding unit to another folding unit (β-strand → coil, coil → β-strand, α-helix → coil, coil → α-helix). The obvious fluctuations of tRNA abundance were identified at the two transition boundaries (β-strand → coil and coil → β-strand) in PPRV N protein. Our findings suggested that viral synonymous codon usage bias and cellular tRNA abundance variation might have potential effects on the formation of secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

Effect of Different Cooling Rates in High Rheological Rate Forming Process on Mechanical Properties of Zr57Cu20Al10Ni8Ag5 Bulk Metallic Glass

Xiao‑Bo Mei,Bao‑Chuan Liu,Wei Jiang,Quan Xu,Qi‑Dong Zhang,Yu‑Bai Ma,Fang‑Qiu Zu 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.9

The influence of cooling rates on the mechanical properties of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass prepared with high rheologicalrate forming (HRRF) was investigated and compared with traditional suction cast methods. Amorphous samples of Zr57Cu-20Ni8Al10Ag5 were prepared in copper molds with different sizes in order to obtain different cooling rates for both HRRFand traditional cast methods. These specimens were subjected to compression experiments, including microhardness testing,X-ray diffraction testing and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results indicate that the plasticity of the samplesformed by HRRF are higher than that of the as-cast ones at the same cooling rates, while the microhardness manifests theopposite principle. As the cooling rate increases further, the difference in plasticity further increases between two methods,indicating that the plasticity of metallic glasses is more sensitive to cooling rates during the HRRF process. At the core ofthis phenomenon is the fact that HRRF methods can introduce more free volume into glasses than traditional cast methodswith an elevated cooling rate are able to.

Hardware Design of Low Energy Consumption Wireless Senor Network Node for Monitoring Mechanical Vibration Signals

Ma Naji,Diao Ming,Hu Xiao,Sun Jian,Ma Anchang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.5

Aiming at the increasing demand of the monitoring of mechanical vibration signals, by improving the existing Sensor Monitoring Network, a low-power wireless sensor network is designed. The data transmission efficiency is increased by using the compressed sensing (CS) technology to compress the mechanical vibration signals of the devices monitored by the network. To realize real-time processing of monitoring signals, the FPGA+DSP architecture is treated as the core of the equipment processing the mechanical vibration signals of wireless sensor network. The modified designs of the hardware circuit and logic circuit with regard to the data collection, sampling, transmission, processing and the store section are introduced initially. Further, the effects of the improved Sensor Monitoring Network are tested by the experimental study on the rotating equipment. The results show that the real-time processing can be well implemented and the power can be cut down to a certain degree.

Distinctive Slow β Relaxation and Its Impact on Mechanical Property of LaCe Based Bulk Metallic Glasses

Xiao Cui,Jing Guo,Qi‑dong Zhang,Xiao‑jun Meng,Bing‑chuan Bian,Ren‑gao Zhao,Yu‑bai Ma,Fang‑qiu Zu 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.10

The slow β relaxation which occurring at temperatures far below glass transition temperature, typically playing importantroles in the plastic deformation behavior of metallic glasses. Compared with polymer glasses, most of the metallic glasses donot exhibit obvious β relaxation based on dynamic mechanical analysis. In the current work, prominent β relaxation behaviorsof a series (LaxCe100−x) Al10Co25(x = 50, 60, 70, 80) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) at low temperature are observed usingdynamic mechanical analysis. Compared with other BMGs, the LaCe based BMGs show a pronounced β relaxation peak andrelative low peak temperature, the activation energy of the β relaxation based on Arrhenius equation are calculated around79.3 kJ/mol to 86.4 kJ/mol, which obey an empirical rule that Eβ ≈ (26 ± 4) RTg, with the coefficient of 23. Experimentalresults from room temperature compression tests for the LaCe based BMGs indicate that low temperature activated β relaxationbehaviors facilitate the good plasticity of the LaCe based BMGs.

중국 공익연계 라이브커머스 BJ 정보원천 특성이 구매의도에 미치는 영향

Xiao-Li Ma,김시내,조현준 한중사회과학학회 2023 한중사회과학연구 Vol.21 No.2

This study, based on a questionnaire, using S-O-R model, analyzed how BJ (broadcast jockey)’s information source characteristics affect purchase intention through the shopping value of consumers in China’s public interest live commerce. In addition, the moderating effect of congruence between BJ’s characteristics and corporate image was examined. To test the conceptual model, we collected survey data from those who had ever watched public interest live commerce in China (422 valid cases). The test results show that BJ’s characteristics such as trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, and interactivity have a positive effect on consumers’ perception of the shopping value which is composed of practical and social values. And the practical value shows a significant effect on consumers purchase intention, and the social value also shows a positive effect. And it is confirmed that the higher the congruence of BJ’s interactivity and attractiveness with the corporate image, the greater the influence on the purchase intention through consumers shopping value. On the other hand, it shows that BJ’s trustworthiness and expertise have no significant effect on the shopping value. This study differs from previous studies in that it adds interactivity to the characteristics of BJ information sources, analyzes the moderating effect of congruence with corporate image, and deals with the public interest linkage area among live commerce. 본 연구는 설문조사와 S-O-R 모형을 이용하여 중국 공익연계 라이브커머스에서BJ(broadcast jockey)의 정보원천 특성이 소비자의 쇼핑가치를 통해 구매의도에 어떠한영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 또한 BJ의 특성과 기업 이미지 간의 일치성(congruency)이 소비자의 쇼핑가치에 미치는 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 연구모형 및 가설을 검정하기 위해 중국에서 공익연계 라이브커머스를 시청한 적이 있는 사람들을 대상으로 설문 조사하여 총 422부의 유효 설문지를 얻었다. 실증분석 결과, BJ의 특성인신뢰성, 전문성, 매력성, 상호작용성은 실용적 가치와 사회적 가치로 구성된 쇼핑가치에 대한 소비자의 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 실용적 가치는 소비자의 구매의도에 매우 큰 영향을 미치며 사회적 가치 또한 긍정적인 영향을미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 BJ의 특성 중 상호작용성과 매력성 두 요인에서 기업이미지와의 일치성이 높아질수록 소비자의 쇼핑가치를 통해 구매의도에 더욱 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 BJ의 신뢰성와 전문성은 소비자의 쇼핑가치에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 BJ 정보원천 특성에 상호작용성을 추가한 점, 기업 이미지와의 일치성의 조절효과를 분석한 점, 라이브커머스 가운데공익연계 영역을 다룬 점 등에서 선행연구와의 차별성을 지닌다.

A newly characterized exopolysaccharide from Sanghuangporus sanghuang

Xiao-kui Ma,Xu She,Eric Charles Peterson,Yu Zhen Wang,Peng Zheng,Hongyan Ma,Kexin Zhang,Jian Liang 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.9

Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a well-known pharmacodynamic and economically important edible fungus associated with mulberry (Morus spp.). A distinctly new exopolysaccharide (EPS), designated SHP-2 was obtained from S. sanghuang P0988 broth, and its structure and anti-aging prosperity were characterized. SHP-2 was found to be composed of a backbone of 4)-β-Manp-(1 4)-α-Araf-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α- Glcp-(1 6)-α-Galp-(1 4)-β-Manp-(1 and five branches, including four α-D-Glcp-(1 and one α-D-Manp-(1 SHP-2 was shown to increase antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as trolox equivalent antioxidant (TEAC) capacity in serum of mice pre-treated with D-Gal, while reducing lipofuscin levels. SHP-2 exerted a favorable influence on immune organ coefficients and ameliorated the histopathological hepatic lesions and apoptosis in hepatocytes of Dgalactose- aged mice almost in a dose-dependent manner. Using the same analytical methods, on comparison with previously studied EPS compounds (i.e. SHP-1), SHP-2 was found to have more complex structure, larger molecule weight, and different anti-aging properties. The results presented here suggest that not only does EPS bioactivity vary with respect to molecular structures and molecule weight, but that multiple structures with different activity can be expressed by a single fungal strain. These results may help understanding the antiaging prosperity of these polysaccharides for use in health foods or dietary supplements.

Experimental investigation on the behaviour of UHPC-steel composite slabs under hogging moment

Xiao-Long Gao,Jun-Yan Wang,Chen Bian,Ru-Cheng Xiao,Biao Ma 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.42 No.6

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) can be used in the UHPC-steel composite structures especially for bridge structures to achieve high stiffness and high fatigue resistance with low self-weight. The structural performances of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to hogging moment have a significant influence on the global stiffness and durability of UHPC-steel composite structures. In order to study the structural behaviors of non-steam-cured UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment, five composite slabs combined the thin UHPC layers to steel plates via shear stud connecters with the diameter of 16mm were fabricated and tested under negative moment. The test program aimed to investigate the effect of stud spacing and longitudinal reinforcement ratios on the failure mode, load-deflection behaviors, cracking patterns, bond-slips, and carrying capacities of composite slabs subjected to negative moment. In addition, direct tensile tests for the dog-bone UHPC specimens with longitudinal reinforcement bars were carried out to study the effect of reinforcement bars on the tensile strength of UHPC in the thin structure members. Based on the experimental results, analytical models were also developed to predict the cracking load and ultimate load of UHPC-steel composite slabs subjected to negative moment.

Linear stability analysis of Rayleigh-Bénard convection of cold water near its density maximum in a vertically heated annular container

Xiao-Ran Ma,Li Zhang,You-Rong Li 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.4

In order to understand the onset of Rayleigh-Bénard convection of cold water near its density maximum in a vertical annular container heated from below and cooled from above, the instability of the static diffusive state was investigated by linear stability analysis. Two kinds of thermal boundary conditions, perfect insulating and conducting sidewalls, were used. The aspect ratio and radius ratio of the annular container varied from 0.5 to 4.5 and 0.1 to 0.8, respectively. Results indicate that the critical Rayleigh number and the critical wave number increase with the increase of density inversion parameter. There are some new flow modes with large azimuthal wave number near the convection onset for cold water with density maximum, which are not observed in Rayleigh-Bénard convection of the Boussinesq fluids. The stratified flow phenomenon in cold water with density maximum is certified. The larger the density inversion parameter is, the more obvious the stratified flow phenomenon becomes. With the increase of the aspect ratio, the critical Rayleigh number decreases, but the critical wave number increases. However, with the increase of the radius ratio, both the critical Rayleigh number and the critical wave number increase continuously. Furthermore, the effect of thermal boundary conditions at the sidewalls on the convection stability is also validated.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Via Inhibition of NF-ΚB and MAPK in LPS-Stimulated MAC-T Cells

( Xiao Ma ),( Ruihong Wang ),( Shitian Yu ),( Guicong Lu ),( Yongxiong Yu ),( Caode Jiang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.10

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), classified as condensed tannins, have significant anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer effects. This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of OPCs and the mechanism underlying these effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Real-time PCR and ELISA assays indicated that OPC treatment at 1, 3 and 5 μg/ml significantly reduced the mRNA and protein, respectively, of oxidant indicators cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (p < 0.05) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (p < 0.01) as well as inflammation cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.01), IL-1β (p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (p < 0.05) in LPS-induced MAC-T cells. Moreover, OPCs downregulated LPSinduced phosphorylation of p65 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) (IκB) in the NF-κB signaling pathway (p < 0.01), and they inhibited p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus as revealed by immunofluorescence test and western blot. Additionally, OPCs decreased phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal regulated kinase and c-jun NH₂-terminal kinase in the MAPK signaling pathway (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of OPCs involve NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, thus inhibiting expression of pro-inflammatory factors and oxidation indicators. These findings provide novel experimental evidence for the further practical application of OPCs in prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis.

Effect of polymer and additive on the structure and property of porous stainless steel hollow fiber

Xiao-Hua Ma,Zhen-Liang Xu,Yu Bai,Yue Cao 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.8

Porous stainless steel hollow fiber has been widely used due to its high mechanical strength, excellentthermal conductivity and good sealing properties compared with other porous supports. We successfully prepared porousstainless steel hollow fibers using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as polymer via dry-wet spinning followed by sintering throughtemperature programming method. The PAN concentration had an obvious impact on the structure and property ofporous stainless steel hollow fiber even if it would be burned off during sintering. The results showed that the morphologycould be tuned by adjusting the concentration of PAN. With increasing PAN concentration in casting solutionfor spinning, the viscosity was increased dramatically, resulting in much compact structures with high pure water flux(higher than 3×105 L·m−2·h−1·Pa−1). A more dense structure could be obtained by adding additive polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as viscosity enhancer.