Development of diagnosis method for ginseng root rot pathogen Cylindrocarpon destructans using ELISA

Sungyeon Ji,Taiying Li,Boknam Jung,Kwang-Sik Lee,Seung-Ho Lee,Jungkwan Lee 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

In vitro SPF 측정법 개선에 관한 연구

안성연 ( Sungyeon Ahn ),배지현 ( Ji Hyun Bae ),이해광 ( Hae Kwang Lee ),문성준 ( Seong Joon Moon ),장이섭 ( Ih-seop Chang ) 대한화장품학회 2004 대한화장품학회지 Vol.30 No.1

In vitro method는 in vivo results를 예측하기 위해 사용되어지는 것이 가장 큰 목적이므로 지급까지 in vitro SPF test는 여러 formulations를 screen 하거나 self-tanners의 activity에 미치는 cosmetic ingredients의 영향을 연구하는 데에 이용되어져 왔다. In vitro SPF test는 신속하고 객관적이며 적은 비용으로 사람에게 in vivo test를 하기에 앞서 protective formulas를 pre-screen 하며, 따라서 in vitro test가 유용하게 원하는 역할을 하기 위해서는 in vitro SPF 평가법의 정확성이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 건조시간을 15분으로 고정하면서 기존에 사용해온 substrate인 Transpore^® tape을 이용, 도포 방법을 개선하기 위한 시도를 하였다. 우선 기존 시험법의 분석을 통한 현 수준을 파악하고, 사용되고 있는 Transpore^® tape의 외측으로부터 일정 부위만 사용하도록 개선하였다. 또한 다양한 시도를 통해 광원의 scan 부위에만 국소적으로 도포하는 방법이 도포시 발생하는 오차를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 개선된 시험법을 이용하여 반복성과 선형성이 뛰어난 시험 결과를 얻어낼 수 있었다. 통계 패키지 분석을 통한 시험법의 신뢰성 검토에서도 우수한 결과를 보여 이와 같은 시험법을 통해 in vivo와 in vitro SPF의 보다 정확한 예측 시스템 관계를 구축할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. The major advantage of the in vitro test is that it is a rapid, objective and cost-effective screening methodology. In vitro tests can provide a formulation tool to identify new fillers that are optimized by combinations of old ones and they can be used to pre-screen protective formulas prior to in vivo testing in humans. Therefore, the accuracy of in vitro SPF measurement is very important. In this study, improvement of application method of samples was tried to improve the accuracy of in vitro SPF measurement. The outer part of Transpore^® tape was used to apply samples as the substrates and the standard drying time was set at 15 min. The new method, topical applications at light scan areas, results in more accurate and reliable results. This result suggests that more accurate prediction system can be established for in vivo SPF with in vivo SPF measurement.

Diagnosis of Cylindrocarpon destructans Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Li, Taiying,Ji, Sungyeon,Jung, Boknam,Kim, Bo Yeon,Lee, Kwang Sik,Seo, Mun Won,Lee, Sung Woo,Lee, Jungkwan,Lee, Seung-Ho The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.3

Cylindrocarpon destructans causes ginseng root rot and produces radicicol that has an antifungal effect. In this study, we developed a method to detect this fungus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Secreted proteins of C. destructans were used as antigens to obtain C. destructans-specific IgG from mouse. Out of 318 monoclonal antibodies generated from mouse, two antibodies (Cd7-2-2 and Cd7-2-10) showed highest specificity and sensitivity. Indirect ELISA using both antigens successfully detected C. destructans in soils, but direct ELISA using IgG conjugated with horseradish peroxidase failed to detect antigens in soils. The indirect ELISA developed here can efficiently detect the fungus and help manage ginseng root rot disease in fields.

Diagnosis of Cylindrocarpon destructans Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Taiying Li,Sungyeon Ji,Boknam Jung,Bo Yeon Kim,Kwang Sik Lee,Mun Won Seo,Sung Woo Lee,Jungkwan Lee,Seung-Ho Lee 한국식물병리학회 2019 식물병연구 Vol.25 No.3

Cylindrocarpon destructans causes ginseng root rot and produces radicicol that has an antifungal effect. In this study, we developed a method to detect this fungus using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Secreted proteins of C. destructans were used as antigens to obtain C. destructans-specific IgG from mouse. Out of 318 monoclonal antibodies generated from mouse, two antibodies (Cd7-2-2 and Cd7-2-10) showed highest specificity and sensitivity. Indirect ELISA using both antigens successfully detected C. destructans in soils, but direct ELISA using IgG conjugated with horseradish peroxidase failed to detect antigens in soils. The indirect ELISA developed here can efficiently detect the fungus and help manage ginseng root rot disease in fields.

The cover of an ear thermometer probe as a split-thickness skin graft mold in external auditory canal reconstruction

Chae Rim Lee,Sungyeon Yoon,Ji Hun Kim,Jangyoun Choi,Kyoung Ho Park,Deuk Young Oh Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2023 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.24 No.4

Maintaining the patency of the external auditory canal (EAC) during reconstruction is important because of its physiological role in hearing and immunological protective functions. The curved shape of the EAC presents a challenge when performing a skin graft. One of the key points for a successful skin graft is to ensure compression on the wound bed, and many novel methods, including prefabricated ear molds, have been reported for this purpose. In this study, we present a case of a skin graft performed to reconstruct a skin defect following excision of actinic keratosis in the EAC, using the cover of an ear thermometer probe as a mold for the graft to match the curvature of the EAC. This is an economical and practical method for secure compression dressing of a skin graft in the EAC.

Efficacy of Diphenyleneiodonium Chloride (DPIC) Against Diverse Plant Pathogens

( Boknam Jung ),( Taiying Li ),( Sungyeon Ji ),( Jungkwan Lee ) 한국균학회 2019 Mycobiology Vol.47 No.1

Many of the fungicides and antibiotics currently available against plant pathogens are of limited use due to the emergence of resistant strains. In this study, we examined the effects of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPIC), an inhibitor of the superoxide producing enzyme NADPH oxidase, against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. We found that DPIC inhibits fungal spore germination and bacterial cell proliferation. In addition, we demonstrated the potent antibacterial activity of DPIC using rice heads infected with the bacterial pathogen Burkholderia glumae which causes bacterial panicle blight (BPB). We found that treatment with DPIC reduced BPB when applied during the initial flowering stage of the rice heads. These results suggest that DPIC could serve as a new and useful antimicrobial agent in agriculture.

Transcriptome analyses of the ginseng root rot pathogens Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani to identify radicicol resistance mechanisms

Li, Taiying,Kim, Jin-Hyun,Jung, Boknam,Ji, Sungyeon,Seo, Mun Won,Han, You Kyoung,Lee, Sung Woo,Bae, Yeoung Seuk,Choi, Hong-Gyu,Lee, Seung-Ho,Lee, Jungkwan The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: The ascomycete fungi Cylindrocarpon destructans (Cd) and Fusarium solani (Fs) cause ginseng root rot and significantly reduce the quality and yield of ginseng. Cd produces the secondary metabolite radicicol, which targets the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Fs is resistant to radicicol, whereas other fungal genera associated with ginseng disease are sensitive to it. Radicicol resistance mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Methods: Transcriptome analyses of Fs and Cd mycelia treated with or without radicicol were conducted using RNA-seq. All of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally annotated using the Fusarium graminearum transcript database. In addition, deletions of two transporter genes identified by RNA-seq were created to confirm their contributions to radicicol resistance. Results: Treatment with radicicol resulted in upregulation of chitin synthase and cell wall integrity genes in Fs and upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase and sugar transporter genes in Cd. Genes encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an aflatoxin efflux pump, ammonium permease 1 (mep1), and nitrilase were differentially expressed in both Fs and Cd. Among these four genes, only the ABC transporter was upregulated in both Fs and Cd. The aflatoxin efflux pump and mep1 were upregulated in Cd, but downregulated in Fs, whereas nitrilase was downregulated in both Fs and Cd. Conclusion: The transcriptome analyses suggested radicicol resistance pathways, and deletions of the transporter genes indicated that they contribute to radicicol resistance.

Transcriptome analyses of the ginseng root rot pathogens Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani to identify radicicol resistance mechanisms

Taiying Li,Jin-Hyun Kim,Boknam Jung,Sungyeon Ji,Mun Won Seo,You Kyoung Han,Sung Woo Lee,Yeoung-Seuk Bae,Hong-Gyu Choi,Seung-Ho Lee,Jungkwan Lee 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1

Background: The ascomycete fungi Cylindrocarpon destructans (Cd) and Fusarium solani (Fs) causeginseng root rot and significantly reduce the quality and yield of ginseng. Cd produces the secondarymetabolite radicicol, which targets the molecular chaperone Hsp90. Fs is resistant to radicicol, whereasother fungal genera associated with ginseng disease are sensitive to it. Radicicol resistance mechanismshave not yet been elucidated. Methods: Transcriptome analyses of Fs and Cd mycelia treated with or without radicicol were conductedusing RNA-seq. All of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were functionally annotated using theFusarium graminearum transcript database. In addition, deletions of two transporter genes identified byRNA-seq were created to confirm their contributions to radicicol resistance. Results: Treatmentwith radicicol resulted in upregulation of chitin synthase and cellwall integrity genes in Fsand upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase and sugar transporter genes in Cd. Genes encoding an ATP-binding cassette transporter, an aflatoxin efflux pump,ammonium permease 1 (mep1),and nitrilasewere differentially expressed in both Fs and Cd. Among these four genes, only the ABC transporterwas upregulated in both Fs and Cd. The aflatoxin efflux pump and mep1 were upregulated in Cd, but downregulatedin Fs, whereas nitrilase was downregulated in both Fs and Cd. Conclusion: The transcriptome analyses suggested radicicol resistance pathways, and deletions of thetransporter genes indicated that they contribute to radicicol resistance.

Determining the appropriate resting energy expenditure requirement for severe trauma patients using indirect calorimetry in Korea: a retrospective observational study

( Hak-jae Lee ),( Sung-bak Ahn ),( Jung Hyun Lee ),( Ji-yeon Kim ),( Sungyeon Yoo ),( Suk-kyung Hong ) 대한외상학회 2023 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the resting energy expenditure (REE) measured using indirect calorimetry with that estimated using predictive equations in severe trauma patients to determine the appropriate caloric requirements. Methods: Patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit between January 2020 and March 2023 were included in this study. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure the patients’ REE values. These values were subsequently compared with those estimated using predictive equations: the weight-based equation (rule of thumb, 25 kcal/kg/day), Harris-Benedict, Ireton-Jones, and the Penn State 2003 equations. Results: A total of 27 severe trauma patients were included in this study, and 47 indirect calorimetric measurements were conducted. The weight-based equation (mean difference [MD], -28.96±303.58 kcal) and the Penn State 2003 equation (MD, - 3.56±270.39 kcal) showed the closest results to REE measured by indirect calorimetry. However, the REE values estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation (MD, 156.64±276.54 kcal) and Ireton-Jones equation (MD, 250.87±332.54 kcal) displayed significant differences from those measured using indirect calorimetry. The concordance rate, which the predictive REE differs from the measured REE value within 10%, was up to 36.2%. Conclusions: The REE values estimated using predictive equations exhibited substantial differences from those measured via indirect calorimetry. Therefore, it is necessary to measure the REE value through indirect calorimetry in severe trauma patients.