http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts into induced neural stem cells
Kim, Sung Min,Flaßkamp, Hannah,Hermann, Andreas,Araú,zo-Bravo, Marcos Jesú,s,Lee, Seung Chan,Lee, Sung Ho,Seo, Eun Hye,Lee, Seung Hyun,Storch, Alexander,Lee, Hoon Taek,Schö,ler, Hans R Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature protocols Vol.9 No.4
Terminally differentiated cells can be directly converted into different types of somatic cells by using defined factors, thus circumventing the pluripotent state. However, low reprogramming efficiency, along with the absence of proliferation of some somatic cell types, makes it difficult to generate large numbers of cells with this method. Here we describe a protocol to directly convert mouse fibroblasts into self-renewing induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) that can be expanded in vitro, thereby overcoming the limitations associated with low reprogramming efficiency. The four transcription factors required for direct conversion into iNSCs (Sox2, Klf4, Myc (also known as c-Myc) and Pou3f4 (also known as Brn4)) do not generate a pluripotent cell state, and thus the risk for tumor formation after transplantation is reduced. By following the current protocol, iNSCs are observed 4–5 weeks after transduction. Two additional months are required to establish clonal iNSC cell lines that exhibit retroviral transgene silencing and that differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
( Min Cheul Kim ),( Jin Hong Kim ),( Kyung Rok Lee ),( Hak Woo ),( Jung Soo Zo ),( Sang Jo Choi ),( Sung Jae Sin ),( Jae Chull Hwang ),( Ki Myung Lee ),( Kwang Jae Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-
Background/Aims: Because of bleeding and perforation, intestinal Behcet`s disease (BD) is the one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality of BD. But clinical course of this disease was not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course according to colonoscopic findings. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and colonoscopic findings of 32 patients with intestinal BD. According to colonoscopic findings of ulcerative lesions, they were classified into three groups: aphthous ulcer (group A), shallow ulcer (group B) and deep ulcer (group C), and we analyzed clinical manifestations, number of ulcer, subset type of BD, medications, and operation & relapse rate among three groups. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 40±0.7 years and 21 patients were female (M:F=1:2). Abdominal pain (32), diarrhea (22) and RLQ tenderness (15) were common symptoms. The number of complete, incomplete and suspected type was 3, 10 and 19 respectively. There was no difference in the diagnostic age of intestinal BD, subtypes of BD, and clinical symptoms among the three groups. The number of Intestinal ulcer was the most in group A, and group B and C were followed (p<0.047). The intestinal operation and steroid use rate were 0% and 0% (group A), 28.6%and 14.3% (group B) and 71.4% and 85.7% (group C), respectively, with statistical significance (p<0.046, p<0.005), and the relapse rate was 12.5% (group A), 15.4% (group B), and 63.6% (group C) (p<0.017). Conclusions: Deep ulcerations in intestinal BD were more frequently recurred, operated and more frequently use steroid than aphthous and shallow ulcerations.
Gender Related Association between Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Root Geometry
You-Jeong Ki,Hack-Lyoung Kim,Sohee Oh,Won-Kyeong Jeon,Tae-Min Rhee,Woo-Hyun Lim,Jae-Bin Seo,Sang-Hyun Kim,Myung-A Kim,Joo-Hee Zo 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.1
BACKGROUND The gender-related change in aortic morphology by arterial stiffness has not been well studied. This study was performed to investigate the association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and aortic root size according to gender. METHODS A total of 263 consecutive subjects (63.2 ± 10.6 years, 71.1% men) without overt cardiovascular disease who underwent both baPWV measurement and transthoracic echocardiography on the same day were retrospectively analyzed. The diameters of the aortic annulus (AN), sinus of Valsalva (SV), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (AA) were measured using 2-dimensional echocardiography. RESULTS The body surface area (BSA)-corrected diameters of AN, SV, STJ, and AA were significantly higher in women than in men. Univariable analyses showed that baPWV was significantly correlated with SV/BSA and STJ/BSA in men, and with SV/BSA, STJ/BSA, and AA/BSA in women (p < 0.05 for each). In men, however, these associations disappeared in multiple linear regression models after controlling for potential confounders (p > 0.05 for each). In women, the associations of baPWV with diameters of STJ/BSA (β = 0.407, p < 0.001) and AA/BSA (β = 0.391, p = 0.005) remained significant in the same multivariate models. Women-specific correlation between aortic root size and baPWV was also similarly demonstrated in age-matched analyses (n = 61 in each gender). CONCLUSIONS Among Korean adult without overt cardiovascular disease, the association between increased arterial stiffness and aortic root dilatation is stronger in women than in men.