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Seo, Seongho,Kim, Su J,Kim, Yu K,Lee, Jee-Young,Jeong, Jae M,Lee, Dong S,Lee, Jae S SAGE Publications 2015 Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism Vol.35 No.12
<P> In recent years, several linearized model approaches for fast and reliable parametric neuroreceptor mapping based on dynamic nuclear imaging have been developed from the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) equation. All the methods share the basic SRTM assumptions, but use different schemes to alleviate the effect of noise in dynamic-image voxels. Thus, this study aimed to compare those approaches in terms of their performance in parametric image generation. We used the basis function method and MRTM2 (multilinear reference tissue model with two parameters), which require a division process to obtain the distribution volume ratio (DVR). In addition, a linear model with the DVR as a model parameter (multilinear SRTM) was used in two forms: one based on linear least squares and the other based on extension of total least squares (TLS). Assessment using simulated and actual dynamic [<SUP>11</SUP>C]ABP688 positron emission tomography data revealed their equivalence with the SRTM, except for different noise susceptibilities. In the DVR image production, the two multilinear SRTM approaches achieved better image quality and regional compatibility with the SRTM than the others, with slightly better performance in the TLS-based method. </P>
Seo, Seunggi,Yeo, Byung Chul,Han, Sang Soo,Yoon, Chang Mo,Yang, Joon Young,Yoon, Jonggeun,Yoo, Choongkeun,Kim, Ho-jin,Lee, Yong-baek,Lee, Su Jeong,Myoung, Jae-Min,Lee, Han-Bo-Ram,Kim, Woo-Hee,Oh, Il-K American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.47
<P>The reaction mechanism of area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) of Al2O3 thin films using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) was systematically investigated by theoretical and experimental studies. Trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O were used as the precursor and oxidant, respectively, with octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) as an SAM to block Al2O3 film formation. However, Al2O3 layers began to form on the ODPA SAMs after several cycles, despite reports that CH3-tenninated SAMs cannot react with TMA. We showed that TMA does not react chemically with the SAM but is physically adsorbed, acting as a nucleation site for Al2O3 film growth. Moreover, the amount of physisorbed TMA was affected by the partial pressure. By controlling it, we developed a new AS-ALD Al2O3 process with high selectivity, which produces films of similar to 60 nm thickness over 370 cycles. The successful deposition of Al2O3 thin film patterns using this process is a breakthrough technique in the field of nanotechnology.</P>
Li, H.,Su, H.,Kim, S.B.,Chang, Y.K.,Hong, S.K.,Seo, Y.G.,Kim, C.J. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2012 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.113 No.2
Trehalose production in Escherichia coli DH5α was explored by overexpressing otsBA operon encoding trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase. Production and subsequent degradation of trehalose resulted in low production of trehalose in engineered cells overexpressing otsBA, which was primarily due to the concomitant expression of endogenous trehalase. Through an in vitro enzyme assay and flask cultures of engineered cells, trehalase expression was shown to be directly related to the expression of otsBA rather than osmotic stress. Validamycin A effectively inhibited E. coli trehalase and the intracellular accumulation of trehalose was markedly enhanced in the presence of validamycin A at an optimal concentration in the medium. The trehalose production was further increased upon growth in a hypertonic medium in the presence of validamycin A, with most trehalose accumulating as an intracellular product. The highest titer was obtained when otsBA expression was induced by a medium-copy vector, ptrc99A, with 0.5mM of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside. Trehalose titer was 1.7g/L in controlled bioreactor cultures using synthetic M9 medium supplemented with 40g/L glycerol, 0.1mM validamycin A, and 300mM NaCl.
Heo, Nam Su,Shukla, Shruti,Oh, Seo Yeong,Bajpai, Vivek K.,Lee, Sun Uk,Cho, Hye-Jin,Kim, Suji,Kim, Yeonho,Kim, Hae Jin,Lee, Sang Yup,Jun, Young-Si,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Han, Young-Kyu,Yoo, Seung Min,Huh, Yun Suk Elsevier 2019 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Bacterial pathogens of water origin have potential public threats thus suggesting the need of developing efficient and sustainable water disinfection strategies from waterborne pathogens. We set out to synthesize different controlled morphologies of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) polymer, evaluate their comparative effects on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and investigate potential applications in water purification systems. Characterization of the synthesized microstructures of g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>, such as melamine-cyanuric acid (MCA)-based rosette-type, rod-type, 2D hexagonal, and 3D cubic mesoporous silica was accomplished using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The microbial inhibitory potential of 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> photocatalyst against waterborne <I>Escherichia coli</I>, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I>, and <I>Salmonella typhimurium</I> was evaluated based on the effective activity of 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> upon visible light excitations. The microbicidal efficiency of 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> was evident within 30 min of visible light exposure via direct interaction, while other microstructures of g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> demonstrated only slight antimicrobial effects after 120 min, with insufficient ROS generation. The antimicrobial and ROS-generating effects of 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> depended on the type and surface area of the synthesized 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> material. Considering its availability and excellent disinfection activity, 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> obtained from simple and convenient facile synthesis is a promising solar-driven photocatalyst for clearing microbial contamination from water.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Waterborne pathogenic bacteria pose significant health risks to the public. </LI> <LI> We synthesized different morphologies of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) polymer. </LI> <LI> Synthesized microstructures of g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> had potential effect on ROS generation. </LI> <LI> 2D hexagonal g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> exhibited significant antimicrobial potential. </LI> <LI> 2D g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> had photocatalytic inactivation efficiency in a water purifying system. </LI> </UL> </P>
Xiang-Dong Su,Seo Y Yang,Saroj K Shrestha,Yunjo Soh 대한수의학회 2022 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.23 No.4
Background: In lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells, Aster tataricus (AT) inhibits the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and MAPKs pathways and critical pathways of osteoclast development and bone resorption. Objectives: This study examined how aster saponin A2 (AS-A2) isolated from AT affects the processes and function of osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Methods: The cell viability, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, pit formation assay, polymerase chain reaction, and western blot were carried out to determine the effects of AS-A2 on osteoclastogenesis. Results: In RAW264.7 and BMMs, AS-A2 decreased RANKL-initiated osteoclast differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. In AS-A2-treated cells, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 protein expression were reduced considerably compared to the control cells. In RAW264.7 cells, AS-A2 suppressed the RANKL-induced activation of osteoclast-related genes. During osteoclast differentiation, AS-A2 suppressed the transcriptional and translational expression of NFATc1 and c-Fos. AS-A2 inhibited osteoclast development, reducing the size of the bone resorption pit area. Conclusion: AS-A2 isolated from AT appears to be a viable therapeutic therapy for osteolytic illnesses, such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and osteogenesis imperfecta.
배양된 인 근위세뇨관 상피세포에서 고농도의 단백질이 TGF-β와 Fas 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향
서지아 ( Ji A Seo ),조상경 ( Sang Kyung Jo ),한금현 ( Kum Hyun Han ),성수아 ( Su Ah Sung ),이지은 ( Ji Eun Lee ),이소영 ( So Young Lee ),김상욱 ( Sang Wook Kim ),차대룡 ( Dae Ryong Cha ),조원용 ( Won Yong Cho ),김형규 ( Hyun Kyu K 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.6
배 경 : 사구체신염은 다량의 단백뇨와 세뇨관간질의 규조적인 변화를 특징으로 하며 이는 말기신부전으로의 진행을 예측하는데 있어서 사구체의 변화보다 중요한 인자로 알려져 있다. 이러한 세뇨고나간질의 구조변형은 세뇨관 내에 포함된 다량의 단백이 세뇨관 상피세포에 흡수되어 대사되는 과정에서 상피세포로부터 Transforming Growth Factor-β 등의 fibrosing cytokine과 Monocyte Chemeatactant Peptide-1 등의 염증성 chemokine의 발현이 증가하고 그에 따른 각종 염증성 변화가 일어나는 것에 기인하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 염증성 변화이의에도 다량의 단백뇨에 의한 세뇨관 간질세포의 소설이 일어나는 기전으로 아포프토시스가 관여하리라는 가정 하에 고농도의 단백 및 당뇨병성 신증으로 인한 신증후군 환자의 단백뇨에 노출된 근위세뇨관 상피세포에서 아포프토시스와 연관된 Fas 유전자의 발현과 TGF-β의 발현을 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 인 근위세뇨관 상피세포를 배양한 뒤 bovine serum albumin (1, 10 ㎎/mL)과 당뇨병성 신증으로 인한 신증후군 환자의 단백뇨 (1, 10 ㎎/mL)에 노출시켰고 대조군은 약물처리를 하지 않고 배양하였다. 24시간 토출시킨 뒤 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR 방법으로 Fas 유전자와 TGF-β 발현을 정량하였다. 결 과 : 약물처리를 하지 않은 대조군의 TGF-β 발현은 human ribosamal protein L-19에 대한 상대값이 0.45±0.02였고 BSA 10 ㎎/mL 군에서는 0.78±0.12 (p=0.016), 단뇨병성 신증으로 인한 신중후군 환자의 단백뇨 10 ㎎/mL에 노출된 군서는 0.7±0.08 (p=0.012)로 증가하여 두 군 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가를 보였다. 대조군의 Fas 유전자 발현은 human ribosomal protein L-19에 대한 상대값이 0.7±0.09였고 이에 비해 BSA 10㎎/mL 군에서는 0.97±0.09로 유의하게 (p=0.021) 증가하였으며 당뇨병성 신증으로 인한 신증후군 환자의 단백뇨 10 ㎎/mL에 노출된 군에서는 0.94±0.14(p=0.067)로 증가하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 또한 10 ㎎/mL의 BSA좌 TGF-β에 대한 항체에 함께 노출된 군에서의 Fas 유전자 발현은 0.78±0.19로 TCF-β에 대한 항체에 노출되지 않은 군에서 보여졌던 Fas 유전자 발현의 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 결 론 : 정상적으로는 노출되지 않는 고농도의 단백에 노출시 세뇨관 상피세포는 TGF-β 및 Fas 유전자의 발현증가로 매게되는 아포프토시스를 통한 세포사멸의 과정을 통해 세뇨관간질의 위측에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. Background : Glomerular diseases of diverse origins are characterized by heavy proteinuria and tubulointerstitial changes in pathology. Numerous studies have recently demonstrated that interstitial fibros and tubular atrophy are better predictors of renal disease progression compared with glomerular pathology. One of the important mechanisms of these tubuloimerstitial injury is tubulointerstitial damage due to increased protein trafficking across the proximal tubular epithelial cells. We tested the hypothesis that tubular cells exposed to high concentration of protein express TGF-β, which can be related to tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and Fas antigen, which can be associated with tubular cell apoptosis. Methods : Cultured human proximal tubular cells were incubated with varying concentrations of BSA (1, 10 ㎎/mL) and nephrotic range proteinuria, due to diabetic nephropathy (1, 10 ㎎/mL), with or without inactivation of complement. After 24 hr-incubation period, the expressions of TGF-β and Fas mRNA were examined by RT-PCR. Results : The amount of expression of TGF-β was increased in BSA 10 ㎎/mL group (0.78±0.12, p=0.016) and in diabetic proteinuria 10 ㎎/mL group (0.78±0.08, p=0.012) compared to control group which was incubated in medium alone (0,48±0.02), and the amount of expression of Fas was increased in BSA 10 ㎎/mL group (0.97±0.09, p=0.021) and showed increased tendency in diabetic proteinuria 10 ㎎/mL group (0.94±0,14, p=0.067) also. Furthermore, the anti TGF-β antibody ameliorated the increased albumin-induced expression of Fas. Conclusion : Collectively, our results showed that protein overload increased the expression of TGF-β & Fas, which can play an important role in tubulointerstitial atrophy by inducing apoptosis of renal tubular cells.