http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Success Story of Korean e-Government Systems Exported to Vietnam
Lee,Kyung hwan.Lee,Sena.Lee,Sukekyu 한국상품학회 2012 商品學硏究 Vol.30 No.6
Many interests are on the e-Government systems from the business strategy perspective. The unique experiences by the Korean government became the attractive products for the underdeveloped countries which want to benchmark the Korea’s success as Korea made great achievement in the IT infrastructure in the national wide. The Korean e-Government exports reached USD 230 million in 2012. The e-Government systems are expected to have a substantially positive impact on Korea’s national brand image, exceeding the simple exports of IT technologies. Thus, this research addresses the importance and implications of the business strategies for the export of Korean e-Government systems to Vietnam. Through the success story in Vietnam, the paper provides for policy decision makers various implications and insights for the future. By introducing these systems (The e-Government systems fromKorea - specially e-procurement systems), the Vietnamese government is able to enhance transparency and efficiency of its procurement administration services.
Distinct Features of Nonthyroidal Illness in Critically Ill Patients With Infectious Diseases
Lee, Woo Kyung,Hwang, Sena,Kim, Daham,Lee, Seul Gi,Jeong, Seonhyang,Seol, Mi-Youn,Kim, Hyunji,Ku, Cheol Ryong,Shin, Dong Yeop,Chung, Woong Youn,Lee, Eun Jig,Lee, Jandee,Jo, Young Suk Wolters Kluwer Health 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.14
<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Nonthyroidal illness (NTI), often observed in critically ill patients, arises through diverse alterations in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. However, the causal relationship between underlying disease and NTI diversity in critically ill patients is poorly understood.</P><P>The aim of this study was to examine NTI severity and adverse outcomes in critically ill patients with respect to their underlying disease(s).</P><P>The medical records of 616 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2009 and October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with known diseases or taking medications that affect thyroid function were excluded. All-cause mortality (ACM) and length of stay (LOS) in the ICU were assessed as adverse outcomes.</P><P>The enrolled patients (n = 213) were divided into the following 4 groups according to the severity of NTI at the nadir of their thyroid function test (TFT): normal (n = 11, 5.2%), mild NTI (n = 113, 53.1%), moderate NTI (n = 78, 36.6%), and severe NTI (n = 11, 5.2%). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. NTI severity showed a significantly strong association with ACM (<I>P</I> < 0.0001) and a significant positive association with LOS in the ICU (<I>P</I> = 0.031). After adjusting for age, gender, and current medications affecting TFT, increasing NTI severity led to increased ACM (odds ratio = 3.101; 95% confidence interval = 1.711–5.618; <I>P</I> < 0.0001). Notably, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe NTI was markedly higher in patients with infectious disease than in those with noninfectious disease (<I>P</I> = 0.012). Consistent with this, serum C-reactive protein levels were higher in patients with moderate-to-severe NTI (<I>P</I> = 0.016).</P><P>NTI severity is associated with increased ACM, LOS, and underlying infectious disease. Future studies will focus on the biological and clinical implications of infectious disease on the HPT axis.</P></▼2>
Lee, Jung-Hun,Kim, Myung-Gyou,Lee, Sena,Leem, Kang-Hyun The Korea Association of Herbology 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.1
Objectives: Bletillae Rhizoma, the roots of Bletilla striata, is used to restrain the leakage of blood and stop bleeding. It can cure the sores, ulcers, and chapped skin. This study was designed to investigate the collagen metabolism, elastase and tyrosinase activity of Bletillae Rhizoma extract (BR). Methods : The effects of BR on type I procollagen production and collagenase activity in human normal fibroblasts Hs68 after UVB (312 nm) irradiation were measured by ELISA method. The elastase activity, tyrosinase activity, and L-DOPA oxidation after treatment of BR were measured as well. Results : In the present study, the collagen production (type I procollagen) was significantly increased to $15.7{\pm}1.8$ ng/ml at a concentration of BR 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ in UVB damaged Hs68 cells. The increased collagenase activity after UVB damage was significantly recovered to $42.7{\pm}0.7%$, $54.5{\pm}3.5%$, and $38.4{\pm}0.9%$ by BR 10, 30, and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. The activities of BR 10 mg/ml on tyrosinase activity was significantly reduced to $45.1{\pm}8.4%$ as well. However, there were no significant effects on the elastase activity and the L-DOPA oxidation. Conclusion : BR showed the promoting effects of collagen synthesis and inhibitory effects of collagenase activity in Hs68, human normal fibroblast cells. And these could be thought to have the anti-wrinkle effects and whitening effects in vitro. These results suggest that BR may have potential as an anti-aging ingredient in cosmetic treatment.
Lee, Eun Young,Lee, Sena,Rho, Semi,Kim, Jae-Ouk,Choi, Seuk Keun,Lee, Young Jin,Park, Joo Young,Song, Manki,Yang, Jae Seung 대한백신학회 2018 Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research Vol.7 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>An oral cholera vaccine (OCV), Euvichol, with thimerosal (TM) as preservative, was prequalified by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2015. In recent years, public health services and regulatory bodies recommended to eliminate TM in vaccines due to theoretical safety concerns. In this study, we examined whether TM-free Euvichol induces comparable immunogenicity to its TM-containing formulation in animal model.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>To evaluate and compare the immunogenicity of the two variations of OCV, mice were immunized with TM-free or TM-containing Euvichol twice at 2-week interval by intranasal or oral route. One week after the last immunization, mice were challenged with <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> O1 and daily monitored to examine the protective immunity against cholera infection. In addition, serum samples were obtained from mice to measure vibriocidal activity and vaccine-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies using vibriocidal assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>No significant difference in immunogenicity, including vibriocidal activity and vaccine-specific IgG, IgM, and IgA in serum, was observed between mice groups administered with TM-free and -containing Euvichol, regardless of immunization route. However, intranasally immunized mice elicited higher levels of serum antibodies than those immunized via oral route. Moreover, intranasal immunization completely protected mice against <I>V. cholerae</I> challenge but not oral immunization. There was no significant difference in protection between two Euvichol variations.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>These results suggested that TM-free Euvichol could provide comparable immunogenicity to the WHO prequalified Euvichol containing TM as it was later confirmed in a clinical study. The pulmonary mouse cholera model can be considered useful to examine <I>in vivo</I> the potency of OCVs.</P>