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Jin Young Lee,Jean Kyung Bak,Mina Kim,Ho-Gyun Shin,Kyun-Ik Park,Seung-Pyo Lee,Hee-Sun Lee,Ju-Yeun Lee,Kwang-il Kim,Si-Hyuck Kang,Jang Hoon Lee,Se Yong Jang,Ju-Hee Lee,Kye Hun Kim,Jae Yeong Cho,Jae-Hye 대한내과학회 2023 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.38 No.1
Background/Aims: This study evaluated the long-term cardiovascular complications among Korean patients with hypertension and compared them with that of controls without hypertension. Methods: The Korean Hypertension Cohort (KHC) enrolled 11,043 patients with hypertension and followed them for more than 10 years. Age- and sex-matched controls without hypertension were enrolled at a 1:10 ratio. We compared the incidence of cardiovascular events and death among patients and controls without hypertension. Results: The mean age was 59 years, and 34.8% and 16.5% of the patients belonged to the high and moderate cardiovascular risk groups, respectively. During the 10-year follow-up, 1,591 cardiovascular events (14.4%) with 588 deaths (5.3%) occurred among patients with hypertension and 7,635 cardiovascular events (6.9%) with 4,826 deaths (4.4%) occurred among controls. Even the low-risk population with hypertension showed a higher cardiovascular event rate than the population without hypertension. Although blood pressure measurements in the clinic showed remarkable inaccuracy compared with those measured in the national health examinations, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 150 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusions: This long-term follow-up study confirmed the cardiovascular event rates among Korean hypertensive patients were substantial, reaching 15% in 10 years. SBP levels ≥ 150 mmHg were highly associated with occurrence of cardiovascular event rates.
Jean Eun-Hyun,Yoon Se-Jin,Park Chang-Eun,Cha Kwang-Yul,Kim Nam-Hyung,Lee Kyung-Ah 한국발생생물학회 2003 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2003 No.1
Transition of the resting primordial follicle to the growing primary follicle is a critical process for female reproduction, but its mechanism is poorly understood. The present study was conducted to investigate gene expression profile at the primordial-primary follicle transition process. We isolated total RNA of female mouse ovary at day1 (contains only primordial follicles) and day5 (contains primordial and primary follicles) and synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers (ACP; Seegene, Inc., Seoul, Korea). ACP provides annealing specificity and sensitivity to the template and allows to identify only authentic differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We used total 80 ACPs for PCR, observed PCR products on 2% agarose gel, cloned 42 DEGs using TOPO TA cloning vector, sequenced, and analyzed by BLAST search. Sequences of 34 clones significantly matched database entries while 4 clones were novel and 4 clones were EST. Two of 34 genes were specifically expressed only in day 5 ovaries (Sui1-rs1, Apg3p/Aut1p-like), and rest of 32 genes were expressed in both stages but were differential in amount. Differential expression was confirmed using semiquantitative RT-PCR, and there was no false positive. Anx11 and Pepp2-pending were highly expressed genes in day1-, while BPOZ, Ches1, Kcmf1, NHE3, Nid2, Ninj1, SENP3 and Survivin were highly expressed genes in day5-ovary. List of genes would provide insight for further study of mechanism regulating primordial-primary follicle transition.
경량골재 콘크리트의 강도 및 흡음 특성에 관한 실험적 연구
홍세희(Hong, Se Hee),이호진(Lee, Ho Jin),파르잔룩(Parr, Jean-Luc),윤영수(Yoon, Young Soo) 한국콘크리트학회 2021 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.33 No.2
본 연구에서는 경량골재 콘크리트의 강도 및 흡음 특성을 평가하였다. 경량굵은골재의 대체혼입은 콘크리트의 밀도 및 강도를 감소시켰다. 하지만, 경량골재 내 공극은 흡음 성능을 개선시켰으며, 강섬유도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. In this study, the strength and sound absorption characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete were evaluated. Substitution mixing of lightweight coarse aggregates reduced both density and strength of concrete. However, pores in lightweight aggregates improved sound absorption performance, and steel fibers were also found to have a positive effect.
Kim, Eun Jin,Lee, Dokyung,Moon, Se Hoon,Lee, Chan Hee,Kim, Sang Jun,Lee, Jae Hyun,Kim, Jae Ouk,Song, Manki,Das, Bhabatosh,Clemens, John D.,Pape, Jean William,Nair, G. Balakrish,Kim, Dong Wook Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS pathogens Vol.10 No.9
<▼1><P>Pandemic <I>V. cholerae</I> strains in the O1 serogroup have 2 biotypes: classical and El Tor. The classical biotype strains of the sixth pandemic, which encode the classical type cholera toxin (CT), have been replaced by El Tor biotype strains of the seventh pandemic. The prototype El Tor strains that produce biotype-specific cholera toxin are being replaced by atypical El Tor variants that harbor classical cholera toxin. Atypical El Tor strains are categorized into 2 groups, Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains, based on genomic variations and the CTX phage that they harbor. Whole-genome analysis of <I>V. cholerae</I> strains in the seventh cholera pandemic has demonstrated gradual changes in the genome of prototype and atypical El Tor strains, indicating that atypical strains arose from the prototype strains by replacing the CTX phages. We examined the molecular mechanisms that effected the emergence of El Tor strains with classical cholera toxin-carrying phage. We isolated an intermediary <I>V. cholerae</I> strain that carried two different CTX phages that encode El Tor and classical cholera toxin, respectively. We show here that the intermediary strain can be converted into various Wave 2 strains and can act as the source of the novel mosaic CTX phages. These results imply that the Wave 2 and Wave 3 strains may have been generated from such intermediary strains in nature. Prototype El Tor strains can become Wave 3 strains by excision of CTX-1 and re-equipping with the new CTX phages. Our data suggest that inter-chromosomal recombination between 2 types of CTX phages is possible when a host bacterial cell is infected by multiple CTX phages. Our study also provides molecular insights into population changes in <I>V. cholerae</I> in the absence of significant changes to the genome but by replacement of the CTX prophage that they harbor.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>In this report, we suggest a genetic mechanism of how the <I>V. cholerae</I> atypical El Tor variants were generated from classical and prototype El Tor biotype strains. An intermediary strain, containing the CTX-1 and CTX-2 prophages, was identified among the clinical isolates that were collected in 1991, when the atypical strains emerged. This strain can be converted into various Wave 2 atypical El Tor strains by eliminating prototype components, CTX-1 and RS1. Further, new types of the CTX phage genome can be generated from the intermediary strain by inter-chromosomal recombination between CTX phages and recombination between the CTX phage and RS1. These new CTX phages can be transduced into other El Tor strains, transforming them into Wave 3 atypical strains. This is a demonstrated instance of how a single-segment-genome CTX phage re-organizes its genome through recombination between different types of phage, leading to generation of new phage variants and atypical El Tor strains.</P></▼2>