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제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가
김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1
1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.
Oh, Jeong-Ik,Lee, Jechan,Lee, Taewoo,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Kwon, Eilhann E. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam 2017 Journal of CO₂ utilization Vol.20 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study laid great emphasis on strategic use of CO<SUB>2</SUB> as reaction medium and raw material for energy recovery from food waste via shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas. Thus, the mechanistic understanding of CO<SUB>2</SUB> in pyrolysis of food waste was investigated systematically in this study. To this end, the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of food waste in N<SUB>2</SUB> and CO<SUB>2</SUB> was carried out. The TGA test evidenced that any physical aspects describing the thermal degradation such as onset and end temperature were not influenced by CO<SUB>2</SUB>. A scale-up experimental work was also conducted with a batch-type tubular reactor to figure out any chemical influences induced by CO<SUB>2</SUB> in pyrolysis of food waste. CO<SUB>2</SUB> in pyrolysis of food waste imparted the genuine capability for shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas. CO<SUB>2</SUB> led to carbon distribution shift from pyrolytic oil to syngas (<I>i.e.</I>, enhanced generation of H<SUB>2</SUB> and CO). Particularly, the generation of CO evolved from pyrolysis of food waste in CO<SUB>2</SUB> was substantially enhanced by a factor of 100 at 800°C. Thus, all experimental findings in this study significantly introduced an innovative way to use CO<SUB>2</SUB> as energy resources, thereby substantially boosting the sustainability in the thermo-chemical process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Utilizing CO<SUB>2</SUB> as reaction medium in thermo-chemical process. </LI> <LI> Shifting carbon distribution from pyrolytic oil to syngas. </LI> <LI> Enhanced generation of CO from food waste using CO<SUB>2</SUB> by a factor of 100. </LI> </UL> </P>
Clinical characterization of 3-month-old pigs infected with African swine fever virus from Vietnam
Sang-Ik Oh,Vuong Nghia Bui,Duy Tung Dao,Ngoc Anh Bui,Seung-Won Yi,Eunju Kim,Han Gyu Lee,Eun-Yeong Bok,S.H.M.P Wimalasena,Young-Hun Jung,Tai-Young Hur,Hu Suk Lee 한국동물위생학회 2022 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.45 No.2
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal viral disease in pigs, with a short incubation period and causing immediate death. Few studies exist on the Asian epidemic ASF virus (ASFV) challenge in older pigs, including growing and fattening pigs and sows. We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes, patho-morphological lesions, and viral distribution in organs of 3-month-old growing pigs that were inocu-lated with the ASFV isolated in Vietnam. The clinical outcomes were recorded daily, and the dead or euthanized pigs immediately underwent necropsy. Viral loads were determined in 10 major organs using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The average incubation period in growing pigs was more delayed (5.2±0.9 dpi) than that in weaned pigs, and the clinical signs were milder in growing pigs than in weaned pigs. The digestive and respiratory clinical signs in growing pigs showed at the end period of life, but these were observed at an early stage of infection in weaned pigs. The patho-morphological features were severe and nonspecific with hemorrhagic lesions in various organs. The viral loads in organs from growing pigs were higher than those from piglets, and the number of viral copies was related to gross lesions in the tonsil and intestine. In the absence of vaccines against ASF, early clinical detection is important for preventing the spread of the virus. Our findings elucidated that the clinical signs and gross lesions in growing pigs differed from those in weaned pigs, which provide valuable information for diagnosis of pigs with suspected ASF infection.
Oh, Se-Jun,Song, Sang Ik,Kim, Youn Shic,Jang, Hyun-Jun,Kim, Soo Young,Kim, Minjeong,Kim, Yeon-Ki,Nahm, Baek Hie,Kim, Ju-Kon American Society of Plant Physiologists 2005 Plant Physiology Vol.138 No.1
<P>Rice (Oryza sativa), a monocotyledonous plant that does not cold acclimate, has evolved differently from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which cold acclimates. To understand the stress response of rice in comparison with that of Arabidopsis, we developed transgenic rice plants that constitutively expressed CBF3/DREB1A (CBF3) and ABF3, Arabidopsis genes that function in abscisic acid-independent and abscisic acid-dependent stress-response pathways, respectively. CBF3 in transgenic rice elevated tolerance to drought and high salinity, and produced relatively low levels of tolerance to low-temperature exposure. These data were in direct contrast to CBF3 in Arabidopsis, which is known to function primarily to enhance freezing tolerance. ABF3 in transgenic rice increased tolerance to drought stress alone. By using the 60 K Rice Whole Genome Microarray and RNA gel-blot analyses, we identified 12 and 7 target genes that were activated in transgenic rice plants by CBF3 and ABF3, respectively, which appear to render the corresponding plants acclimated for stress conditions. The target genes together with 13 and 27 additional genes are induced further upon exposure to drought stress, consequently making the transgenic plants more tolerant to stress conditions. Interestingly, our transgenic plants exhibited neither growth inhibition nor visible phenotypic alterations despite constitutive expression of the CBF3 or ABF3, unlike the results previously obtained from Arabidopsis where transgenic plants were stunted.</P>
Evaluation of Changes in Agricultural Stream Water Quality of Small Watershed in Jeonnam Province
Sung-Woo Kim,Sun Kook Kim,Hyeon Ji Kim,So Yeon Lee,Myeong Seok Kim,Jeong-Hwa Kang,Seung-Oh Hur,Soon Ik Kwon 한국토양비료학회 2019 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.52 No.4
This study aimed to identify the changing trends in the agricultural water quality of the major watersheds in Jeonnam Province over a 10-year period ranging from 2007 to 2016. The results of water quality analysis of the study sites revealed that the mean Chemical Oxygen Demand in April, July, and October was 3.20, 3.04, and 2.37 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively, with the median values being 2.85, 2.84, and 1.96 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The mean values of EC (Electrical Conductivity) in April, July, and October were 0.15, 0.15, and 0.17 dS m<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The mean EC values were lower in April and slightly higher in October, and there was no yearly fluctuation. The mean and median values of the T-N (Total Nitrogen) content were 3.41 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 3.18 mgL<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. A large deviation in the T-N content was only observed in April 2009 and July 2015. The mean and median values of the T-P (Total Phosphorous) content were 0.09 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP> and 0.05 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. No fluctuations were observed in the T-P content in the months of April, July, and October, during the study period, with the exception of July 2016 and October 2016.
Sang-Ik Oh,Guntai Noh,Seung Won Yi,Yoon Jung Do,Eunju Kim,Jae Gyu Yoo 한국동물위생학회 2019 한국동물위생학회지 (KOJVS) Vol.42 No.3
The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, causes great economic losses to poultry industries in Korea. The molecular epidemiological characterization of PRM has been investigated in some coun-tries, but those analysis has been not conducted yet in Korea. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic diversity of PRMs in Korea compared with those from other countries. Here, 13 PRM sam-ples collected from Korea were analyzed with a part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region. All the samples showed an identical COI sequence, which has also been reported in European countries and Japan. Phylogenetic diversity analysis showed that the mites from Korea were genetically related to those in other countries. The nu-clear ITS region sequences were classified into three sequence types. Additionally, one of the ITS se-quences was an intermediate type, implying that a hybridization event occurred among the mite pop-ulations in Korea. These findings suggested PRMs from Korea showed low genetic diversity with re-spect to mitochondrial COI gene, but three different populations inhabited in Korea with respect to nu-clear ITS region sequences.
OH, Sang-Ik,JEON, Albert Byungyun,JUNG, Byeong-Yeal,BYUN, Jae-Won,GOTTSCHALK, Marcelo,KIM, Aeran,KIM, Jong Wan,KIM, Ha-Young JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE 2017 The Journal of veterinary medical science Vol.79 No.4
<P><I>Streptococcus suis</I> is an important pig pathogen with potential for human transmission. The serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of <I>S. suis</I> isolates in Korea. In this study, 240 <I>S. suis</I> isolates collected from pigs in Korea in 2009–2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests, subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (<I>mrp</I>, <I>epf</I> and <I>sly</I>) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. As for 80 isolates, the serotypes of which were relevant to human infections, clonal complexes (CCs) were further identified by PCR. Serotype 3 was the most prevalent (15.8%), followed by serotype 2 (15.0%), with geographical variation for each serotype. Overall, 55.4% of the isolates carried <I>mrp</I>, whereas only 3.8% carried <I>epf.</I> CC25 was the most prevalent (41.3%) and was related to serotypes 2 and 9. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin (93.4%) and ceftiofur (90.8%) than to the other antimicrobial agents tested. The highest resistance rate was observed to tetracycline (98.0%), followed by erythromycin (88.8%). In addition, the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with virulence-associated genes or serotypes. Therefore, continuous characterization of <I>S. suis</I> is essential for the benefit of veterinary and human medicine.</P>