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Yeh, J‐,Y.,Lee, J‐,H.,Park, J‐,Y.,Cho, Y. S.,Cho, I‐,S. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2013 Transboundary and emerging diseases Vol.60 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Attacks against livestock and poultry using biological agents constitute a subtype of agroterrorism. These attacks are defined as the intentional introduction of an animal infectious disease to strike fear in people, damage a nation’s economy and/or threaten social stability. Livestock bioterrorism is considered attractive to terrorists because biological agents for use against livestock or poultry are more readily available and difficult to monitor than biological agents for use against humans. In addition, an attack on animal husbandry can have enormous economic consequences, even without human casualties. Animal husbandry is vulnerable to livestock‐targeted bioterrorism because it is nearly impossible to secure all livestock animals, and compared with humans, livestock are less well‐guarded targets. Furthermore, anti‐livestock biological weapons are relatively easy to employ, and a significant effect can be produced with only a small amount of infectious material. The livestock sector is presently very vulnerable to bioterrorism as a result of large‐scale husbandry methods and weaknesses in the systems used to detect disease outbreaks, which could aggravate the consequences of livestock‐targeted bioterrorism. Thus, terrorism against livestock and poultry cannot be thought of as either a ‘low‐probability’ or ‘low‐consequence’ incident. This review provides an overview of methods to prevent livestock‐targeted bioterrorism and respond to terrorism involving the deliberate introduction of a pathogen‐targeting livestock and poultry.</P>
Yeh, S.P.,Ju, J.C.,Tseng, J.K.,Chou, P.C.,Chen, C.H.,Chih, T.,Fan, Y.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.2
The objectives of this study were to investigate the ovarian responsiveness of juvenile calves to exogenous gonadotropin treatments and to establish the oocyte retrieval technique for prepubertal heifers. Three 78-day-old calves were treated with 4 doses (40, 30, 30 and 30 mg) of FSH (Folltropin V) at 12 h interval up to 229 day-old. Surgical oocyte retrieval was performed 24 h after the last injection of FSH. Calves with good ovarian responses to FSH treatment had an average ovarian size of $5{\times}3$ cm compared to $3{\times}2$ cm in the less-responsive animals. Large variations were observed in the number of total follicles ($51{\pm}45$), aspirated follicles ($39{\pm}36$), oocytes recovered ($23{\pm}25$) and usable oocytes recovered ($11{\pm}19$) during 78 to 229 day-old. Oocytes derived from prepubertal calves had significantly lower maturation rate than those from cows (34 vs. 100%, p<0.05). Mean diameters of calf oocytes ($144{\pm}1{\mu}m$) and ooplasm ($110{\pm}1 {\mu}m$) were significantly lower than those of cows ($149{\pm}1$ and $25{\pm}1{\mu}m$, respectively). The diameter of the ooplasm also increased significantly after in vitro maturation (IVM) ($108{\pm}1$ vs. $112{\pm}1{\mu}m$). However, further studies are required to optimize the IVP system for the oocytes derived from prepubertal heifers.
金鍾煥,沈雲澤,李泰淑,芮旻海,崔東河,朴元學 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1975 충남의대잡지 Vol.2 No.1
A study on morphology and periodicity of microfilariae was carried out in the area surveyed, Chung Cheong-nam Do. 1. The measurements of microfilariae from the Giemsa stanined thick film were made; and they showed that body length was 186.0(156-245)μ, maximum width 5.0(4-6)μ, and cephalic space length by width 1.5:1, per cent distance from anterior end to: cephalic space 4.21, nervering 22.87, excretory pore 31.35, excretory cell 38.85, G_1 cell 53.77, anal pore 82.04, from the last nucleus of posterior end to : the last 2nd nucleus 2.56, and the posterior body nucleus 4.69μ, respectively. 2. The periodicity of the micofilaria counts in peripheral blood of a man was observed, and it was found that the characteristic nocturnal periodicity was seen from in the case. The peak of microfilaria counts showed between 12 p.m. and 4 a.m. 3. When stained with Giemsa solution, 15.9% of microfilariae shed their sheath. As a result of the above findings the microfilariae might be identified Brugia malayi.
Lim, H. G.,Yeh, S. W.,Kug, J. S.,Park, Y. G.,Park, J. H.,Park, R.,Song, C. K. Springer-International 2016 Climate dynamics Vol.46 No.11
<P>In order to examine the threshold of the volcanic forcing that leads to the El Nino-like warming, we analyze a millennium ERIK simulation (AD 1000-1850) forced by three external forcings including greenhouse gases, solar forcing and volcanic eruptions using the ECHO-G coupled climate model. It is found that there exists a threshold of the volcanic forcing above 15 W/m(2) to lead the El Nino-like warming in the climate model. When the volcanic forcing is above this threshold forcing, then the intensity of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is weakened and its position is shifted to the south. This might be associated with the processes of less evaporation in the subtropical cloudless region by a cooling due to the reduction of net surface shortwave radiation. Concurrently, a weakening of ITCZ is associated with a weakening of the trade winds and the subsequent Bjerknes feedback causes El Nino-like warming. Therefore, El Nino-like warming events can occur when volcanic eruption is above threshold forcing, implying that there exists a certain level of radiative forcing change which is capable of changing the state of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature. The last millennium simulation of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project Phase 3 climate models also indicates that there may exist a threshold forcing to lead the El Nino-like warming, which has been also discussed in the present study.</P>