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Jo JiHun,Acharya Manju,K C Pramod Bahadur,Maharjan Anju,Lee DaEun,Gautam Ravi,Kwon Jung-Taek,Kim KilSoo,Kim ChangYul,Heo Yong,Kim HyoungAh 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.3
Microplastics (MPs) have been recently recognized as posing a risk to human health. The adverse health effects of MP exposure have been recently reported, especially via the oral exposure route. The present study investigated whether subacute (4 week) exposure to polyethylene (PE) or polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) MPs via gastric intubation caused immunotoxicity. Two different sizes of PE MPs (6.2 or 27.2 μm) and PTFE MPs (6.0 or 30.5 μm) were administered to 6-week-old mice of both sexes at 0 (corn oil vehicle control), 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/day (n = 4/group). No significant differences were observed between groups in the major thymic or splenic immune cell populations, including thymic CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/ CD8+ T lymphocytes, and splenic helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells. The ratio of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) to interleukin-4 (IL-4) in culture supernatants from polyclonally activated splenic mononuclear cells ex vivo (48 h) was dosedependently decreased in female mice that received small- and large-size PTFE MPs. The IFNγ/IL-4 ratio was also decreased in the female mice dosed with large-size PE MPs. The serum IgG2a/IgG1 ratio was dose-dependently increased in male and female animals dosed with small-size PE MPs, in female animals dosed with large-size PTFE MPs, and in male animals dosed with small-size PTFE MPs. The present study implies that immune functions could be affected in animals exposed to MPs via gastric intubation. These effects are dependent on MP size, MP dose, MP polymer type, and mouse sex. Further investigations with longer exposure periods could be necessary to more clearly define the immunotoxic effects of MPs.
Maharjan Anju,Gautam Ravi,Acharya Manju,Jo JiHun,Lee DaEun,K C Pramod Bahadur,Lee Young-A,Kwon Jung-Taek,Kim HyoCher,Kim KyungRan,Kim ChangYul,Kim HyoungAh,Heo Yong 한국독성학회 2023 Toxicological Research Vol.39 No.4
Exposure to occupational hazards like dust, pesticides, diesel emission particles, or physical hazards in the agricultural sector is known to cause adverse health effects on farm workers. Our study aimed at addressing the association of immunomodulatory status with plasma levels of lung cancer biomarkers in farming population, attempting to recognition of vulnerable farming group. Blood samples from apparently healthy 51 chicken husbandry, 19 grape orchard, and 21 rose greenhouse workers were subjected to evaluate plasma levels of two representative lung cancer biomarkers, pro-gastrin releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) and cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from farmers were used for natural killer (NK) cell phenotyping and cytokines (interferon-gamma, IFN-γ and interleukin-13, IL-13) profiling in the culture supernatant. Compared to the rose greenhouse farmers, the grape orchard and chicken husbandry workers revealed a significantly upregulated plasma Pro-GRP and CYFRA 21-1 level. A low proportion of NK cells was observed among the female grape orchard workers and a lowered IFN- γ:IL-13 ratio was seen in the grape and chicken husbandry workers than the rose workers. Our findings imply that grape orchard and chicken husbandry workers have more disturbed immune homeostasis implicated with augmentation in the levels of lung cancer biomarkers than the rose greenhouse workers.
( Prahlad Karki ),( Hemant Shrestha ),( Pramod Acharya ),( Nikesh Shrestha ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: Studies have shown that albuminuria is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality after an attack of acute coronary syndrome than non-albuminuric patients. Objective: To see the occurrence of albuminuria and its prognostic signifi cance for short term outcome during hospital stay in Acute coronary syndrome. Methods: Albuminuria was measured as urinary albumin to creatinine ratio on fi rst day of admission, and divided into three categories; normoalbuminuria (M0): 30mg/ gm, microalbuminuria (M1): 30-300mg/gm, macroalbuminuria (M2): 300mg/gm. Sample size of 124 was calculated with frequency of albuminuria of 30% in ACS (CI: 95%, alpha error-0.05, power of study = 80% i.e. beta error = 0.2 and odds ratio between case and control group- 3). Patients were monitored and followed up closely during hospital stay. Results: One hundred and seventeen (117) patients out of 134 enrolled had albuminuria (87%; M1:93, M2:24). Patients presenting with blood sugar of 140 mg/dl had signifi cantly high albuminuria. The complications were more in patients with albuminuria than those with normoalbuminuria (p=0.02). Complications increased as the level of albuminuria increased with highest in macroalbuminuric group (p=0.005). In multivariate analysis, the variables which signifi cantly affected the outcome were systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus and age > 65 years. Though albuminuria was not signifi cant variable in multivariate analysis, it showed tendency to develop complications (OR - 3.28, 95% CI: 0.95-11.4). Total leucocyte count 11,000/ mm3, type 2 diabetes mellitus, smoking, and albuminuria were found to be associated with signifi cantly increased mortality after Acute coronary syndrome. Conclusion: Albuminuria is a useful variable for predicting short term outcome. It may provide simple assessment tools for predicting outcome in ACS in resource poor settings if validated further.
Ravi Gautam,DaEun Lee,Anju Maharjan,Manju Acharya,JiHun Jo,HyunJi Park,YuBin Kim,Pramod Bahadur KC,Chang Yul Kim,HyoungAh Kim,JiMin Choi,SooMin Lim,YoungWoo Shin,SuBin Yang,Yong Heo 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7
Nanoparticles (NPs), fine particles ranging from 1 to 100 nm, are being used extensively in various fields including industry, agriculture, engineering. Nanoparticles also have become the imperative parts of cosmetic and dermal products owing to the higher benefits over their counter bulk particles. Manganese oxide (Mn2O3) and copper oxide (CuO) are used in cosmetics and dermal products owing to their UV protection and antimicrobial properties and also to make products transparent and aesthetically acceptable. Although Mn2O3 and CuO are used in consumer products that get exposed to the skin, their skin sensitization potential has not been well investigated. In this study we employed, Local lymph node assay: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine-flow cytometry method (LLNA: BrdU-FCM) to predict the skin sensitization (SS) potential of nanoparticles. LLNA: BrdU-FCM is a method for screening of SS potential that addressed the activation and proliferation of T-lymphocytes, key event-4 (KE-4), on adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for SS. Mn2O3 (5%, 10%, and 25%), and CuO (5%, 10%, and 25 %) NPs were suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for experimentation. AOO (acetone: olive oil = 4:1) and α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde were used as negative and positive control respectively. Mn2O3 and CuO NPs were both classified as non-sensitizer with maximum stimulation indices of 1.4 and 0.99 respectively. Although both NPs were classified as non-sensitizer using LLNA: BrdU-FCM, further assays addressing other KEs of AOP for SS could be carried out as confirmation and cautious use of products containing these nanoparticles is recommended as various studies have revealed their toxicity in vitro . This study was supported by the Korea National Research Foundation (grant number: 2020R1I1A3A0403650911) and the Ministry of Environment-Educational training program for the management of information on the hazards and risk of chemical substances.