Coronavirus enzyme inhibitors-experimentally proven natural compounds from plants

Park Junsoo,Park Rackhyun,Jang Minsu,Park Yea-In,Park Yeonjeong 한국미생물학회 2022 The journal of microbiology Vol.60 No.3

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause critical conditions that require efficient therapeutics. Several medicines are derived from plants, and researchers are seeking natural compounds to ameliorate the symptoms of COVID-19. Viral enzymes are popular targets of antiviral medicines; the genome of coronaviruses encodes several enzymes, including RNAdependent RNA polymerase and viral proteases. Various screening systems have been developed to identify potential inhibitors. In this review, we describe the natural compounds that have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on coronavirus enzymes. Although computer-aided molecular structural studies have predicted several antiviral compound candidates, the current review focuses on experimentally proven natural compounds.

Synthesis of MoS2 nanoparticles grown on crumpled 3D graphene microballs using a microfluidic droplet generator

Park Minsu,Kim Sanha,Jung Jae Hwan,Seo Tae Seok 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.4

In this study, the MoS2 nanoparticles grown on crumpled 3D graphene microball (3D GM–MoS2) was synthesized using a microfuidic droplet generator with thermal evaporation-driven capillary compression and hydrothermal reaction. The morphology and size of 3D GM–MoS2 are controlled by the concentration of nano-sized graphene oxide (GO) and the fow rate of oil phase on the droplet generator. The 3D GM–MoS2 with fully sphere-shape and uniform size (~5 µm), and homogeneous growth of MoS2 nanoparticles could be synthesized at the fow rate of the oil phase of 60 µL/min with the optimized GO concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, and (NH4)2MoS4 concentration of 2.0 mg/mL.

Current status and plans for performance validation experiments on summit supercomputer and a container image development using K-MPASg

Minsu Joh,Ju-Won Park,Tae-Young Hong,Jae-Youp Kim,Sang-Hoon Park 한국기상학회 2019 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Enhanced Biometric-based User Authentication Protocol Using Non-tamper Resistant Smart Cards

Minsu Park,Hyunsung Kim 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.12

This paper reviews An’s enhanced biometric-based user authentication protocol and shows that it is weak against the password guessing attack and has a problem of verification in the authentication phase. They are very important features to be secured to the user authentication protocol. Furthermore, this paper proposes an enhanced biometric-based user authentication protocol using non-tamper resistant smart cards to solve the problems in An’s protocol. The overall security analyses show that the proposed protocol could achieve the desired security goals.

Characterization of submicron aerosols and CCN over the Yellow Sea measured onboard the Gisang 1 research vessel using the positive matrix factorization analysis method

Park, Minsu,Yum, Seong Soo,Kim, Najin,Cha, Joo Wan,Shin, Beomcheol,Ryoo, Sang-Boom Elsevier 2018 Atmospheric research Vol.214 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Aerosol size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations were measured in spring 2017 over the Yellow Sea on board the research vessel Gisang 1. The average number concentration of particles larger than 10 nm and CCN at 0.65% supersaturation (S) were 7622 ± 4038 cm<SUP>−3</SUP> and 4821 ± 1763 cm<SUP>−3</SUP>, respectively. Characteristics of aerosol size distribution data were analyzed using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) method. It was found that only 6 Factors could explain the aerosol size distribution reasonably well. Factors 1 and 2 indicated nucleation mode particles, Factor 3 indicated Aitken mode particles, and Factors 4, 5, and 6 indicated accumulation mode particles. The concentrations of nucleation and Aitken mode particles showed a clear wind direction dependence; high under westerly winds due to the high concentrations of particles and precursor gases in eastern China. Meanwhile, the concentration of larger particles and CCN showed no significant wind direction dependence. Aerosol size distribution was also significantly influenced by meteorology. Small particles were predominant during clear days. In contrast during mist or fog days, the aerosol size distribution shifted to larger sizes. A CCN closure experiment was conducted using results of the PMF analysis. The assumption of internally mixed particles led to overestimation of predicted CCN concentrations but agreement was significantly better when externally mixed particles were considered. The logarithmic curve fit of <I>N</I> <SUB> <I>CCN</I> </SUB>(<I>S</I>) = 4825 ∗ log <I>S</I> + 4933 was found to very well explain measured CCN concentrations at a few S over the Yellow Sea, and therefore is recommended as input CCN spectral data for numerical models that explicitly treat CCN activation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Aerosol size dist. and CCN conc. measured over the Yellow Sea onboard a ship were analyzed with the PMF analysis method. </LI> <LI> Aerosol size dist. were significantly influenced by meteorological conditions. </LI> <LI> CCN closure experiment implied that some portion of the aerosols over the Yellow Sea were externally mixed. </LI> <LI> A fitted full CCN spectrum was proposed based on the CCN conc. measured at several supersaturation over the Yellow Sea. </LI> </UL> </P>

Different Risk Factors for Early and Late Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Living Donor Liver Transplantation

Minsu Park,Geun Hong,Youngmin Jeon,Namjoon Yi,Kwangwoong Lee,Kyungsuk Suh 한국간담췌외과학회 2010 한국간담췌외과학회 학술대회지 Vol.2010 No.4

Targeted gene suppression through double-stranded RNA application using easy-to-use methods in Arabidopsis thaliana

Park Minsu,Um Tae Young,Jang Geupil,Choi Yang Do,Shin Chanseok 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.1

RNA interference (RNAi) is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that is regulated by the interaction between the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Exogenous dsRNAs are imported directly into the cytoplasm, where they are cleaved by Dicer into short dsRNA fragments of 20–25 base pairs. These short dsRNA fragments, called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have sequence-specific interaction with target genes. The guide strand, onto which siRNAs are incorporated in the RISC interacts with the target mRNA sequence, thereby inducing cleavage and degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by ribonucleases. Recent studies have shown that plant dsRNA treatments can induce RNAi. However, the dsRNA application methods and delivery systems involved have not been well examined. In this study, dsRNA was introduced to Arabidopsis thaliana by two methods: dipping and spray. We synthesized two dsRNAs designed to target mRNAs encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). After applying dsRNAs that target EGFP, we found an obvious reduction in GFP expression. This was determined using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription PCR to assess the mRNA levels of the auxin-sensitive reporter DR5-EGFP Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data revealed that applying target gene-specific exogenous dsRNAs can induce suppression of target genes of interest whether the dipping or spray method is used. This study therefore provides a foundation for understanding how to apply and deliver dsRNAs in plants. RNA interference (RNAi) is an RNA-dependent gene silencing process that is regulated by the interaction between the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Exogenous dsRNAs are imported directly into the cytoplasm, where they are cleaved by Dicer into short dsRNA fragments of 20–25 base pairs. These short dsRNA fragments, called small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have sequence-specific interaction with target genes. The guide strand, onto which siRNAs are incorporated in the RISC interacts with the target mRNA sequence, thereby inducing cleavage and degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) by ribonucleases. Recent studies have shown that plant dsRNA treatments can induce RNAi. However, the dsRNA application methods and delivery systems involved have not been well examined. In this study, dsRNA was introduced to Arabidopsis thaliana by two methods: dipping and spray. We synthesized two dsRNAs designed to target mRNAs encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein ( EGFP ). After applying dsRNAs that target EGFP , we found an obvious reduction in GFP expression. This was determined using fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription PCR to assess the mRNA levels of the auxin-sensitive reporter DR5-EGFP Arabidopsis thaliana . Our data revealed that applying target gene-specific exogenous dsRNAs can induce suppression of target genes of interest whether the dipping or spray method is used. This study therefore provides a foundation for understanding how to apply and deliver dsRNAs in plants.

Combination of a Sample Pretreatment Microfluidic Device with a Photoluminescent Graphene Oxide Quantum Dot Sensor for Trace Lead Detection

Park, Minsu,Ha, Hyun Dong,Kim, Yong Tae,Jung, Jae Hwan,Kim, Shin-Hyun,Kim, Do Hyun,Seo, Tae Seok American Chemical Society 2015 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.87 No.21

<P>A novel trace lead ion (Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>) detection platform by combining a microfluidic sample pretreatment device with a DNA aptamer linked photoluminescent graphene oxide quantum dot (GOQD) sensor was proposed. The multilayered microdevice included a microchamber which was packed with cation exchange resins for preconcentrating metal ions. The sample loading and recovery were automatically actuated by a peristaltic polydimethylsiloxane micropump with a flow rate of 84 μL/min. Effects of the micropump actuation time, metal ion concentration, pH, and the volumes of the sample and eluent on the metal ion capture and preconcentration efficiency were investigated on a chip. The Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> samples whose concentrations ranged from 0.48 nM to 1.2 μM were successfully recovered with a preconcentration factor value between 4 and 5. Then, the preconcentrated metal ions were quantitatively analyzed with a DNA aptamer modified GOQD. The DNA aptamer on the GOQD specifically captured the target Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> which can induce electron transfer from GOQD to Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> upon UV irradiation, thereby resulting in the fluorescence quenching of the GOQD. The disturbing effect of foreign anions on the Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> detection and the spiked Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> real samples were also analyzed. The proposed GOQD metal ion sensor exhibited highly sensitive Pb<SUP>2+</SUP> detection with a detection limit of 0.64 nM and a dynamic range from 1 to 1000 nM. The on-chip preconcentration of the trace metal ions from a large-volume sample followed by the metal ion detection by the fluorescent GOQD sensor can provide an advanced platform for on-site water pollution screening.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancham/2015/ancham.2015.87.issue-21/acs.analchem.5b02907/production/images/medium/ac-2015-02907h_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ac5b02907'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

요관결석의 2년간의 치료 경험: 충격파쇄석술과 요관경하배석술의 비교

박민수,박형근,박태한 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.9

TGFβ Plasmid Construction and Delivery for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes

Park, Leejin,Lee, Eunjig,Lee, Sangkyung,Lim, Minsu,Hong, Hekyung,Shin, Geewook,Park, Yongsoo Wiley (New York Academy of Sciences) 2008 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Vol.1150 No.1

<P>Studies of animals with spontaneous autoimmune diabetes have revealed that autoreactive T cells that mediate islet beta cell destruction can be manipulated by the administration of Th(2) cytokines. Using gene delivery to express the targeted protein, we can overcome the need for frequent administration of cytokines on account of their short half-lives. In this study, the effect of hTGFbeta gene delivery was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using an adenovirus vector (Ad) constructed with an hTGFbeta cDNA. In vitro transfection assays of the construct in HepG2, beta cell lines, and islets showed good expression levels of hTGFbeta and activation of smad3. Ad-hTGFbeta enhanced differentiation and proliferation in the beta cell line or islets without causing apoptosis. Of interest, Ad-hTGFbeta transduction in CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells resulted in a significant enhanced expression of CD25 and a regulatory T cell-specific transcription factor, Foxp3. To evaluate in vivo efficacy, Ad-hTGFbeta was intravenously injected into 7-week-old NOD mice and compared to the transduction using the vector only. The Ad-hTGFbeta group had persistent gene expression for longer than 5 weeks, and high TGFbeta serum level was secreted. There was no difference in the degree of insulitis between the Ad-hTGFbeta group and controls. Although we found favorable in vitro results, such as decrease in islet apoptosis, enhanced proliferation and differentiation, and increase in the level of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, there was no difference in reduction of the development of T1D between controls and Ad-hTGFbeta-injected mice. Nevertheless, if we find the appropriate mode and timing of TGFbeta gene transduction, Ad-hTGFbeta gene therapy might be useful in therapeutic cytokine delivery for the treatment of T1D.</P>