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김기택(KiTaek Kim),김지수(JiSu Kim),박주환(JuHwan Park),이재영(JaeYoung Lee),조영우(YeongWoo Jo),양재권(JaeGwon Yang),장준희(JunHee Jang),최은선(EunSun Choi),김대덕(DaeDuk Kim) 대한약학회 2016 약학회지 Vol.60 No.2
Alginic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium are dietary fibers from plants. They have a swelling property and delay the gastric emptying time, thereby resulting in feeling satiated after oral administration, which may eventually contribute to loss of body weight. The goal of this study was to compare swelling property of three commercial matrix tablets based on alginic acid and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium. When the swelling was determined by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) guideline, the tablet prepared by direct compression method with highly viscous swelling agent showed the highest swelling in acidic conditions. Water uptake of these tablets was rapid and completed within 30 min. Moreover, when the pH was changed from 2.5 to 6.8 buffer, the water uptake was not significantly changed in all tablets.
Acquisition of the Third Person Singular -s by L1- Korean Adult/Child Learners of English
Kitaek Kim 한국응용언어학회 2017 응용 언어학 Vol.33 No.1
This study explores whether children have an advantage over adults in learning second language (L2) inflectional morphology. L2 theories such as the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis and the Less Is More Hypothesis would predict that children have an advantage over adults in the acquisition of L2 inflectional morphology. The study focuses on the English third person singular -s, which is notoriously difficult for L2 speakers to acquire. Korean adult (n = 51) and child (n = 40) L2 learners completed a picturenarration task designed to assess their implicit knowledge of the target morpheme. The analysis found no difference in the performances of proficiency-matching children and adults, contra the Fundamental Difference Hypothesis and the Less Is More Hypothesis.
Who Needs What Aspects of L2 English to What Levels of Proficiency?
Kitaek Kim,Hyun-Kwon Yang,Minchang Sung 서울대학교 2013 외국어교육연구 Vol.16 No.-
This paper explores who needs what aspects of L2 English to what levels of proficiency, focusing on college English curriculum development in Korea. A survey was conducted of 532 college students in Seoul. Grounded that career is one of the most important motives for EFL learning, the participants were divided into seven groups based on their desired careers. The results show that the types of desired careers of the participants are highly correlative with the strength and weakness of their need for learning English, the kinds of English skills they want to learn, and the levels of English proficiency they hope to achieve.
Overgenerated be from Topic Marker to Verbal Inflection
Kitaek Kim 서울대학교 2011 외국어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-
This study explores the morpho-syntactic properties of the ‘overgenerated be’ that appears between a subject and a thematic verb (e.g., she is go home) produced by Korean-speaking English learners, and discusses how the overgenerated be reflects L2 inflection development. I argue that the overgenerated be initially functions as a topic marker, but then develops into a verbal inflection. A total of 377 writings of 23 first-year Korean middle school students were examined for the study. The students were divided into three groups based on their English proficiency. The overgenerated be was found mostly in the two lowest proficiency groups: the lowest proficiency group used the overgenerated be as a topic marker, while the medium proficiency group used the ‘overgenerated be’ as a verbal inflection to mark tense.
L1 Korean Transfer in Processing L2 English Passive Sentences
Kitaek Kim 한국응용언어학회 2013 응용 언어학 Vol.29 No.4
This study shows transfer of L1 Korean properties in processing L2 English passive sentences online. There are some verbs in Korean that do not carry passive meaning, and I hypothesized that if L1 feeds L2 processing, Korean learners of L2 English would process slowly on the English passive sentences with the verbs. An online self-paced reading task was conducted with 75 Korean learners of L2 English and 13 native English controls. The 75 Korean participants were divided into three groups of English proficiency. The results demonstrate that lower-level Korean L2ers of English showed slowdown in reading and answering comprehension questions for English passive sentences when the English verbs in them do not carry passive meaning in Korean.
Topic Prominence in the Hawaiian Language
Kitaek Kim 한국언어연구학회 2018 언어학연구 Vol.23 No.3
This study explores whether Hawaiian, a canonically VSO language, has the properties of topic-prominent (TopP) languages. Based on tests using the diagnostics for TopP and subjectprominent (SP) languages, this study concludes that Hawaiian is closer to TopP languages than SP languages. First, Hawaiian has a topic marker like other TopP languages. When Hawaiian 'o is followed by an NP in the sentence initial position, the NP becomes the center of attention in the sentence and is definite. In addition, the 'o-marked fronted NP can control co-referential constituent deletion. Second, there are sentences that can be viewed as double-subject constructions, which appear in TopP languages but not in SP languages. Third, Hawaiian has no constraint on what may be the topic, which again suggests that Hawaiian has the properties of TopP languages. Finally, lack of subject-verb agreement and dummy subject supports that Hawaiian is distant from SP languages.
Kitaek Kim,Kum-Jeong Joo,Hyunwoo Kim 한국응용언어학회 2024 응용 언어학 Vol.40 No.2
The current study investigates whether first language (L1) transfer persists among second language (L2) learners with advanced proficiency. Specifically, the study examines the differences in interpretation of the Korean reflexives caki and caki-casin in bi-clausal sentences between adults with L1 backgrounds in Chinese and Azerbaijani, both of whom have advanced L2 proficiency in Korean. In Chinese, similar to Korean, there is a monomorphemic reflexive that allows for a long-distance antecedent, as well as a polymorphemic reflexive that favors a local antecedent. On the other hand, Azerbaijani only has a monomorphemic reflexive that is locally bound in bi-clausal sentences. A total of 47 L1-Chinese adults and 21 L1-Azerbaijani adults, all of whom have achieved TOPIK level 5 or 6, completed a Truth Value Judgment Task to assess their interpretation patterns of reflexive pronouns in Korean. The results showed that L1-Azerbaijani adults exhibited a stronger inclination towards a local interpretation for the Korean reflexives compared to L1-Chinese adults, indicating the presence of L1 transfer among advanced level L2 learners.
Using A Real-time Word-Naming Technique to Trace Bilingual Children’s Vocabulary Development
( Hyunwoo Kim ),( Kitaek Kim ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2021 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.22 No.4
This study tested the validity of a computer-based picture-naming tool, the HALA task, to measure the effect of bilingual children’s language exposure in their word retrieval skills. We used this task to address an unresolved issue of whether a relative amount of language input is more strongly associated with a relative versus an absolute language outcome. We measured a proportion of L2 Korean input that bilinguals speaking Russian or Chinese as an L1 received from four types of input sources using a language background questionnaire. We also assessed their word retrieving accuracy and speed using the HALA task. Results from correlation analyses show that the proportion of L2 over L1 input was more strongly correlated with the production skills measured in relative than absolute terms. Also, the effect of language input manifested more prominently in word retrieval speed than in word naming accuracy. Our findings suggest that the picture-naming task successfully captured the effect of relative amount of language input in bilingual word production when language outcomes were measured in relative rather than absolute terms. We propose the task as a tool for tracing the development of bilingual children’s word production skills.