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Spatial assessment of soluble solid contents on apple slices using hyperspectral imaging
Mo, C.,Kim, M.S.,Kim, G.,Lim, J.,Delwiche, S.R.,Chao, K.,Lee, H.,Cho, B.K. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2017 BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.159 No.-
<P>A partial least squares regression (PLSR) model to map internal soluble solids content (SSC) of apples using visible/near-infrared (VNIR) hyperspectral imaging was developed. The reflectance spectra of sliced apples were extracted from hyperspectral absorbance images obtained in the 400-1000 nm range. Prediction models for SSC mapping were developed for three different measurement/sampling designs that varied in the number and size of the regions of interest (ROIs) used for apple SSC measurement and spectral averaging. Case 1 used 29 small ROIs per apple, Case II used 9 moderate-size ROIs per apple, and Case III used 5 large ROIs per apple. The optimal pre-treatment of the spectra extracted from the hyperspectral images was investigated to enhance the performance of the prediction models. The coefficients of determination and root mean square errors of the best-performing models were, respectively, 0.802 and +/- 0.674 degrees Brix for Case I, 0.871 and +/- 0.524 degrees Brix for Case II, and 0.876 and +/- 0.514 degrees Brix for Case III. The accuracy of the PLSR models was enhanced by using the spectra and SSC measured/averaged from the fewer but larger areas of the apples rather than from more numerous but smaller areas. PLS images of SSC showed the predicted internal distribution of SSC within the apples. The overall results demonstrate that hyperspectral absorbance imaging techniques may be useful for mapping internal soluble solids content of apples. (C) 2017 IAgrE. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Yang, C.C.,Kim, M.S.,Kang, S.,Cho, B.K.,Chao, K.,Lefcourt, A.M.,Chan, D.E. Applied Science Publishers 2012 Journal of food engineering Vol.108 No.2
This research developed and evaluated three multispectral algorithms derived from hyperspectral line-scan fluorescence imaging using violet LED excitation for the detection of fecal contamination on Golden Delicious apples. The algorithms utilized the fluorescence intensities at four wavebands, 680, 684, 720, and 780nm, for computation of simple functions for effective detection of contamination spots created on the apple surfaces using four concentrations of aqueous fecal dilutions. The algorithms detected more than 99% of the fecal spots. The effective detection of feces showed that a simple multispectral fluorescence imaging algorithm based on violet LED excitation may be appropriate to detect fecal contamination on high-speed apple processing lines. This fast and non-destructive method for detection of fecal contamination can be implemented in the food and agricultural industries to help in risk reduction and food safety assurance for preventing or minimizing the potential foodborne illness.
Synthesis of Co3O4 nanowire arrays supported on Ni foam for removal of volatile organic compounds.
Hui, K N,Yin, Cui-Lei,Hui, K S,Lee, J Y,Li, M,Lee, S K,Tsui, K L,Chao, C Y H,Kwong, C W American Scientific Publishers 2012 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.12 No.4
<P>Crystalline Co3O4 nanowire arrays freely supported on Ni foam are successfully synthesized using a template-free method. The effects of reaction time, concentration of reactants, and temperature on the morphology of the nanowires are studied. The results indicate that uniform Co3O4 nanowires could be synthesized at 90 degrees C, and a transformation of the samples' morphology from nanoparticles to nanowires to microrods is observed by controlling the concentration of the reactants. The well-ordered nanowires synthesized under the selected reaction conditions are composed of spinel Co3O4 with diameters of 500-580 nm and lengths of 6-8 microm. These nanowires show good catalytic activity for the ozone catalytic oxidation of toluene.</P>
Precise measurement of hadronic <i>τ</i>-decays with an <i>η</i> meson
Inami, K.,Ohshima, T.,Kaji, H.,Adachi, I.,Aihara, H.,Arinstein, K.,Aulchenko, V.,Aushev, T.,Bedny, I.,Bhardwaj, V.,Bondar, A.,Brač,ko, M.,Browder, T.E.,Chang, M.-C.,Chao, Y.,Chistov, R.,Cho, I.-S Elsevier 2009 Physics letters: B Vol.672 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We have studied hadronic <I>τ</I> decay modes involving an <I>η</I> meson using 490 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collider. The following branching fractions have been measured: B(<SUP>τ−</SUP>→<SUP>K−</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB>)=(1.58±0.05±0.09)×<SUP>10−4</SUP>, B(<SUP>τ−</SUP>→<SUP>K−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB>)=(4.6±1.1±0.4)×<SUP>10−5</SUP>, B(<SUP>τ−</SUP>→<SUP>π−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB>)=(1.35±0.03±0.07)×<SUP>10−3</SUP>, B(<SUP>τ−</SUP>→<SUP>π−</SUP>KS0η<SUB>ντ</SUB>)=(4.4±0.7±0.2)×<SUP>10−5</SUP>, and B(<SUP>τ−</SUP>→<SUP>K∗−</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB>)=(1.34±0.12±0.09)×<SUP>10−4</SUP>. These results are substantially more precise than previous measurements. The new measurements are compared with theoretical calculations based on the CVC hypothesis or the chiral perturbation theory. We also set upper limits on branching fractions for <I>τ</I> decays into <SUP>K−</SUP>KS0η<SUB>ντ</SUB>, <SUP>π−</SUP>KS0<SUP>π0</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB>, <SUP>K−</SUP>ηη<SUB>ντ</SUB>, <SUP>π−</SUP>ηη<SUB>ντ</SUB> and non-resonant <SUP>K−</SUP><SUP>π0</SUP>η<SUB>ντ</SUB> final states.</P>
Lee,K.M.,Chan,C.H.,Fan,P.C.,King,M.L.,Chao,D. INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1992 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.23 No.1
In order to determine the minimum effective doses of mebendazole, school children were examined to have enterobiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm infection by scotch-tape perianal swab, formalin-ether concentration method, and test-tube filter-paper cultivation. The infected children were then treated with various dosages of mebendazole. The minimum effective dosages (cur rate over 90%) for mebendazole against enterobiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, hookworm infection, and trichuriasis were 10 mg, 100mg, 150mg, and 400mg, respectively.
Roh, D.,Chao, J.R.,Kim, D.H.,Yoon, K.H.,Jung, J.H.,Lee, C.H.,Shin, J.H.,Kim, M.J.,Park, C.H.,Lee, J.H. Pergamon Press 2017 Journal of psychosomatic research Vol.102 No.-
Objective: Early prediction of therapeutic outcomes could reduce exposure to ineffective treatments and optimize clinical outcomes. However, none of the known otologic predictors is amenable to therapeutic intervention for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). The aims of this study were to investigate psychological stress as a potential predictor to discriminate outcomes in ISSNHL. Methods: Various psychological measures were conducted including structured interview assessment tools in patients with recently diagnosed ISSNHL before initiating treatment. Using logistic regression analysis, we identified the predictors of treatment response and estimated the probability of treatment response in 50 ISSNHL patients who participated in a clinical trial. Results: Treatment non-responders were significantly differentiated from responders by various psychological problems. The depression subscore of Modified form of Stress Response Inventory (SRI-MF) (p=0.007) and duration of hearing loss (p=0.045) significantly predicted treatment response after controlling other clinical correlates. The same predictors were identified from different treatment response measured using Siegel's criteria. The most discriminative measure for treatment response was SRI-MF depression score with an overall classification accuracy of 73%. Conclusions: We found depressive stress response to be the strong predictor of treatment response in patients with ISSNHL. Our results highlight the potential use of the psychiatric approach as a tool for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. Future stress intervention studies with larger number of ISSNHL patients are needed.
ITARS: trust-aware recommender system using implicit trust networks
Yuan, W,Shu, L,Chao, H.-C,Guan, D,Lee, Y.-K,Lee, S IET 2010 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.4 No.14
<P>Trust-aware recommender system (TARS) suggests the worthwhile information to the users on the basis of trust. Existing works of TARS suffers from the problem that they need extra user efforts to label the trust statements. The authors propose a novel model named iTARS to improve the existing TARS by using the implicit trust networks: instead of using the effort-consuming explicit trust, the easy available user similarity information is used to generate the implicit trusts for TARS. Further analysis shows that the implicit trust network has the small-world topology, which is independent of its dynamics. The rating prediction mechanism of iTARS is based on the small worldness of the implicit trust network: the authors set the maximum trust propagation distance of iTARS approximately equals the average path length of the trust network's corresponding random network. Experimental results show that with the same computational complexity, iTARS is able to improve the existing TARS works with higher rating prediction accuracy and slightly worse rating prediction coverage.</P>
Lee, H.,Everard, C.D.,Kang, S.,Cho, B.K.,Chao, K.,Chan, D.E.,Kim, M.S. Academic Press 2014 BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.127 No.-
Hyperspectral fluorescence imaging with ultraviolet-A excitation was used to evaluate the feasibility of two-waveband fluorescence algorithms for the detection of bovine faecal contaminants on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Romaine lettuce and baby spinach leaves. Correlation analysis was used to select the most significant waveband pairs for two-band ratio and difference methods in distinguishing contaminated and uncontaminated leaf areas. For this investigation, two-band ratios using bands at 665.6 nm and 680.0 nm (F665.6/F680.0) for lettuce and at 660.8 nm and 680.0 nm (F660.8/F680.0) for spinach effectively differentiated all contamination spots applied to the lettuce and spinach leaves, respectively. The fluorescence emission peaks for the faecal matter of animals that consume green plant materials and for chlorophyll a occur in close proximity in the red spectral region. Consequently, a high spectral resolution would be required for multispectral imaging with these two-band ratios for online implementation to detect bovine faecal contamination on leafy greens such as Romaine lettuce and baby spinach.