“North Koreans” and Other Virtual Subjects

Theodore Hughes The Academy of Korean Studies 2008 THE REVIEW OF KOREAN STUDIES Vol.11 No.1

The second choice

Theodore Dreiser 成均館大學校 英語英文學會 1999 Academia Vol.12 No.-

Intraoral ageing of aligners and attachments: Adverse effects on clinical efficiency and release of biologically-active compounds

Theodore Eliades,George Eliades 대한치과교정학회 2024 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.54 No.4

The clinical application of aligners is accompanied by the ageing of the polymer appliances and the attachments used, which may result in inefficiency in reaching the predicted range of tooth movement, and release of compounds and microplastics in the oral cavity as a result of the friction, wear and attrition of the aligner and composite attachment. The purpose of this review is to present the mechanism and effects of in vivo ageing; describe the hydrolytic degradation of aligners and enzymatic degradation of composite attachments; examine the ageing pattern of aligners in vivo, under actual clinical scenarios; and identify a link to the discrepancy between predicted and actual clinical outcome. Lastly, strategies to deal with three potentially critical issues associated with the use of aligners, namely the necessity of weekly renewal, the dissimilar mechanical properties of aligner and attachment resulting in wear and plastic deformation of the aligner, and the development of integuments and biofilms with microbial colonization of the appliance, are discussed.

Meningococcal Disease and Quadrivalent MenACWY-CRM Vaccine (Menveo®)

Theodore F. Tsai 대한소아감염학회 2012 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.19 No.3

Meningococcal Disease, manifesting as meningitis and septicemia, is a life-threatening bacterial infection that results in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in childhood. Its epidemic potential and limited opportunities for clinical intervention due to its rapid course present unique public health and clinical challenges. Incidence is highest in infants and young children, with a secondary peak of risk in adolescents. Approximately 10% of cases are fatal and survivors can be left with serious and permanent sequelae including amputations, hearing loss and cognitive impairment. Transmission is only from human-to-human, by infected respiratory tract secretions or saliva and therefore crowding poses a tremendously elevated risk for disease development. Military recruits and university students are at high risk due to the high carriage rate in adolescents, their behavior patterns and close contact. Menveo® (Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics), a novel quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine directed against meningococcal serogroups A, C, W-135 and Y, has been shown to be immunogenic and well tolerated in all age groups and was recently licensed for use in Korea. Recent cases and deaths among military recruits drew public attention to their elevated risk and the Korean government has recommended vaccination of all new military recruits. Many Korean students seek to attend school, university, or language institutes in countries where routine meningococcal vaccination is required - clinicians should be aware of such requirements to ensure that students are vaccinated prior to arrival in the destination country.

FROM THE COPENHAGEN ACCORD TO THE PARIS AGREEMENT: REACHING CONCORD ON A SINGLE DOCUMENT

( Theodore Okonkwo ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2017 Korea University Law Review Vol.21 No.-

The Accord de Paris, popularly known as the Paris Agreement, Paris Climate Accord or Paris Climate Agreement, which was concluded on December 12, 2013, marks the first accomplished climate action within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has determined to deal with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020. This article appraises the Paris Agreement. First, it juxtaposes the Paris Agreement in the background of the 2009 Copenhagen Accord and the 2010 Cancun Agreements. The article then provides analytical standpoint and brief discussion of existing scholarly literature in the field. It addresses the United States withdrawal from the Agreement. Finally, it examines in detail the outcome and key features of the Agreement. The article concludes with a thought on the likely future and prospects of the Paris Agreement and whether the parties to the Accord possess the political will to tackle the climate change impacts.

High-Dose Hypofractionated Proton Beam Therapy for Small-Size Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Theodore S. Hong ) 대한간학회 2017 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2017 No.1

Charged particle therapy, including proton beam therapy and carbon ion therapy, has been assessed in both retrospective and prospective trials in primary hepatic malignancies. Unlike photon-based radiotherapy, which is absorbed exponentially in tissue, particle-based radiotherapy is characterized by rapid energy deposition at the end of range followed by sharp dose fall-off. These properties in turn enable delivery of increasing doses of radiotherapy to a given target while still minimizing dose received by surrounding normal parenchyma, making charged particle therapy a particularly intriguing treatment modality for both HCC and ICC. A retrospective comparison of proton and photon treatment plans found that proton therapy was associated with increased sparing of normal tissues, with lower mean hepatic doses, lower maximum spinal cord dose, and lower dose to the stomach. Generally, the benefit of proton beam therapy for HCC is restricted to larger tumors. While a study from Loma Linda shows that patients treated for HCC within Milan criteria (< 5 cm, or up to 3 tumors < 3 cm) enjoy an excellent overall survival, local control and outcomes for tumors smaller than 3 cm in size is already outstanding with SBRT or percutaneous ablation. In a planning study from the University of Pennsylvania comparing liver tumors treated with protons or photons, the benefit of protons appeared to be restricted to tumors > 3 cm in size or in specific locations. For these reasons, we do not uniformly recommend proton beam therapy for smaller tumors. Indeed, the current randomized phase III evaluation of protons vs. photons restricts patients with tumors over 4 cm in size.

CULTURE AND CONVICTION : CULTURE, THE MARK AND MEASURE OF CONVICTION ON RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY 문화, 종교적 공동체내에서의 확신의 표시 및 척도

Theodore Hard 高新大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

THE COLLEGE ENGLISH ENTRANCE EXAMINATION

Theodore W. Walters,S. J. 서울대학교 언어교육원 1967 語學硏究 Vol.3 No.1

Metlzer`s Paradox and the Optimum Tariff in a Monetary Economy

( Theodore Palivos ),( Chong K. Yip ),( Terence T. L. Chong ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1998 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.13 No.2

We augment the standard two country, two-commodity and two-factor trade model by allowing for money to exist as an additional asset. We find that it is possible for an increase in the domestic tariff to worsen the terms of trade if the importable sector is severely distorted by the existence of money. Moreover, the Metzler condition is no longer both necessary and sufficient to rule out the Metzler paradox. Finally, we show that the conventional formula for the optimum tariff, derived in barter trade models, has a downward (upward) bias if money is more (less) efficacious in the importable sector. “In the real world there is no simple dividing line between trade and monetary issues.” Krugman and Obstfeld [1994], p. 8. (JEL Classification: F11, E40)

Fluad®-MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults

Theodore F. Tsai,김진은 대한감염학회 2013 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.45 No.2

Influenza directly or indirectly contributes to the four leading causes of global mortality, at rates that are highest in older adults. As the proportion of older adults in the Korean population is greater than in most other countries, influenza prevention is a greater public health priority in Korea than elsewhere. Conventional inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) is less immunogenic and efficacious (-50%) in older than in young adults, but adjuvanting the vaccine with oil-in-water emulsion MF59® increases immunogenicity, resulting in comparatively higher levels of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and greater protection against all influenza, as well as cases requiring hospitalization. A recent observational study demonstrated that the adjuvanted vaccine protected older adults against influenza in a year when nonadjuvanted IIV was ineffective. In another multiyear study, the adjuvanted vaccine was estimated to be 25% more effective in preventing pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations compared to nonadjuvanted vaccine. Although MF59-adjuvanted vaccine is transiently more reactogenic than nonadjuvanted vaccine, there is no evidence that it increases risks for serious adverse events, including those with an autoimmune etiology. Experience thus far indicates a favorable balance of benefit to risk for MF59. This may reflect the adjuvant’s mechanism of action in which the squalene oil emulsion increases antibody responses to co-administered antigen without acting more generally as an immunopotentiator.