Comparison of Melanoma Subtypes among Korean Patients by Morphologic Features and Ultraviolet Exposure

( Hong Sun Jang ),( Jee Hung Kim ),( Kyu Hyun Park ),( Jae Seok Lee ),( Jung Min Bae ),( Byung Ho Oh ),( Sun Young Rha ),( Mi Ryung Roh ),( Kee Yang Chung ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.4

Background: Genetic alterations have been identified in melanomas according to different levels of sun exposure. Whereas the conventional morphology-based classification provides a clue for tumor growth and prognosis, the new classification by genetic alterations offers a basis for targeted therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the biological behavior of melanoma subtypes and compare the two classifications in the Korean population. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients found to have malignant melanoma in Severance Hospital from 2005 to 2012. Age, sex, location of the tumor, histologic subtype, tumor depth, ulceration, lymph node invasion, visceral organ metastasis, and overall survival were evaluated. Results: Of the 206 cases, the most common type was acral melanoma (n=94, 45.6%), followed by nonchronic sun damage-induced melanoma (n=43, 20.9%), and mucosal melanoma (n=40, 19.4%). Twenty-one patients (10.2%) had the chronic sun-damaged type, whereas eight patients (3.9%) had tumors of unknown primary origin. Lentigo maligna melanoma was newly classified as the chronic sun-damaged type, and acral lentiginous melanoma as the acral type. More than half of the superficial spreading melanomas were newly grouped as nonchronic sun-damaged melanomas, whereas nodular melanoma was rather evenly distributed. Conclusion: The distribution of melanomas was largely similar in both the morphology-based and sun exposure-based classifications, and in both classifications, mucosal melanoma had the worst 5-year survival owing to its tumor thickness and advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. (Ann Dermatol 26(4) 485~490, 2014)

단테의 천체론(天體論)

배선복 ( Sun Bok Bae ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2006 지중해지역연구 Vol.8 No.1

In this article I will argue that Dante`s cosmological conception refers to the modern copernican revolution, if we properly interpret the famous conclusion "l`amor che move il sole e l`altre stelle." of Dante`s Divine Comedy according to Einstein`s famous physical law E=mc2. In medieval cosmology lies the earth at the center of the universe, while the universe spins all around it. Dante introduced also the Aristotle-Ptolemy`s geocentric universe to the structure of his cosmology, which is divided in three worlds, Hell, Purgatory and Paradise. There is nine spheres in Heaven. So, Dante arranged nine opposite heavenly spheres corresponding to nine divisions of Hell. Dante`s concept could be arranged in ways to the arrangement or structure of the modern copernican heliocentric constellation, because Dante made through the travel of love no distance and positions between the earth & the moon and the sun. Dante`s love is displaced for the aristotelian first unmoved mover. God is the farthest away from the earth-centered cosmos. Everything below the moon was corrupted, but the heavens were perfect, unchanging, immutable and incorruptible. God is the farthest away from the earth-centered cosmos. That perfection of the heavens was idealized as a kind of music, the sound of the heavens in motion. So Dante can pass with Beatrice through each of the nine spheres of the world, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Fixed Stars and Primum Mobile, because the battery of their love moved cosmic order. The Dante`s love story which moved the heavenly spheres and stars will be further explained in mediterranean region.

Ethnography on Cancer Patient’s Anger

Sun-Hee Bae1,Young-Sun Park 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.5

The present ethnographic study explores the implications of anger in cancer patients in the cultural context of Korea from the perspective of cancer patients, and conducts a cross-cultural investigation to propose a theoretical model that can explain their anger, to develop effective nursing interventions and ultimately to improve cancer patients‟ quality of life. The informants in this study are 9 cancer patients on chemotherapy (6 females and 3 males) who were born and have lived in Korea sharing the Korean culture. Data were collected from January to September, 2008 until the data were saturated. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used to collect data, which were in turn analyzed with Spradley‟s taxonomic analysis [6]. Taken together, the main cultural themes proved here are the 「insurmountable fate」,「uncontrolled psychological conflicts」, 「treatment processes to be endured」,「unpredictable future」, and 「uncontrolled self-pity」. The theoretical model of cancer patients‟ anger proved the archetype of a thinking cycle in the course of the disease where patients struggle to overcome and break from the cultural themes only to feel outraged about the insurmountable fate and undeniable reality that cannot be addressed even with face saving. In short, a socio-cultural sentiment should be encouraged so that cancer patients can break from the insurmountable fate, accept the course of the disease and receive treatment in a positive manner while expressing the anger effectively in Korean culture where cancer patients‟ anger tends to ebb away inwards and turn into „resentment‟. Also, it is urgent to develop self-help groups where cancer patients can cope with the anger in proper ways.

Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment

( Youn Sun Son ),( Bong Yeon Hwang ),( Dae Taek Lee ),( Yoon Jung Bae ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Youn Sun Son, Bong Yeon Hwang, Dae Taek Lee and Yoon Jung Bae. Effects of active drinking practices on fluid consumptionand sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.215-223, 2014 [Purpose]To examine the effectsof active drinking practices on fluid consumption and sweat rate while exercising in a hot environment. [Methods]Nine mencompleted two experiments. Each consisted of 3 phases: pre-testing (pre), training period, and post-testing (post). During testing,the subjects ran on a treadmill at a moderate intensity for 90 min at 39 ± 1℃ followed by a 3-h recovery. They drank ad libitum. During training, they ran for 90 min for 7 days while either drinking actively (AH, 150% of weight loss) or passively (PH,50% of weight loss). [Results]The actual volume consumed in training was three times greater during AH than during PH. Inpost during AH, the volume of drinking was two times greater than pre (1592 ± 953 and 855 ± 551 mL, respectively; p < 0.05). No difference in volume consumption during PH between pre and post was found. The sweat loss during exercise was greaterin post (1377 ± 956 mL) than in pre (558 ± 642 mL) during AH (p < 0.05), but not during PH. Rectal temperature and heartrate decreased after training. Serum osmolality following exercise were not different than the baseline or between the conditions. [Conclusion]Active drinking practices while exercising in a hot environment induced greater voluntary fluid intake and sweatloss. [Keyword]voluntary intake, rehydration, thermoregulation.

객체지향 C++ 컴파일러에서 가상기계 코드의 실행과 분석을 위한 역컴파일러의 설계 및 구현

배성균(Sung-Kyun Bae),김영근(Young-Keun Kim),권혁주(Hyeok-Ju Kwon),이양선(Yang-Sun Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine) 은 ISO/IEC C++ 와 SUN사의 Java 등의 객체지향 언어를 수용할 수 있는 임베디드 가상기계 솔루션이며, SIL(Standard Intermediate Language)은 EVM의 종간언어로 객체치향 언어와 순차적인 언어를 위한 연산 코드 집합을 갖고 있다. 기존의 객체지향 C++ 컴파일러는 C++ 프로그램을 목적기계의 코드로 변환하여 실행한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구팀은 EVM을 개발하면서 목적기계의 코드가 아닌 플랫폼에 독립적인 스택기반의 가상기계 코드를 생성하는 C++ 컴파일러를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 C++ 컴파일러가 생성한 중간 언어인 SIL 코브를 3-주소 코브 형태의 재 표현된 C++ 프로그램으로 변환하는 역컴파일러(Decompiler) 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 역컴파일러가 생성한 C++ 프로그램의 실행을 통해 SIL 코드가 올바르게 생성되었는지를 확인할 수 있으며, 최적화된 SIL 코드의 생성을 위한 시뮬레이션을 제공한다. 또한 프로그램에 담겨진 의미를 어셈블리 형태를 지닌 SIL 코브에 비해 소스 레벨로 쉽게 분석할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

C++ 컴파일러에서 중간코드의 검증과 분석을 위한 역컴파일러의 설계 및 구현

배성균 ( Sung-kyun Bae ),김영근 ( Young-keun Kim ),이양선 ( Yang-sun Lee ) 한국정보처리학회 2006 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.13 No.1

C++ 언어는 객체지향 프로그래밍 언어로, 기존의 C++ 프로그램은 각각의 플랫폼에 따른 컴파일러를 통해 목적기계의 코드(object code)로 변환되므로 실행되는 플랫폼에 의존적인 단점이 있다. 이러한 단점을 보완하는 방법으로 스택기반의 가상기계와 가상기계의 입력형태인 중간코드를 이용하는 기법이 있다. EVM(Embedded Virtual Machine)은 ANSI C, ISO/IEC C++ 언어와 SUN사의 Java 언어 등을 모두 수용할 수 있는 임베디드 시스템 기반의 가상기계이며, EVM에서 실행되는 중간코드인 SIL(Standard Intermediate Language)은 객체지향 언어와 순차적인 언어를 모두 수용하기 위한 명령코드의 집합으로 설계되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 C++ 컴파일러를 통해 생성된 SIL 코드가 올바른지 검증하고 원시코드의 분석을 용이하게 하기 위해서 SIL 코드를 어셈블리 코드와 유사한 형태의 재 표현된 C++ 프로그램으로 역컴파일하는 시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다.

Propylene Oxide로 하이드록시프로필화시킨 감자전분의 이화학적 특성

배수경,이선자,김미라 동아시아식생활학회 1997 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.7 No.4

Physicochemical properties of potato starches with degree of substitution of 0~0.2645 hydroxypropylation with propylene oxide were examined. Hydroxypropyl group content of the starch was proportional to propylene oxide concentration. Water binding capacity increased but pH decreased with the increase of degree of substitution. Blue value and iodine absorption property decreased with the increase of hydroxypropylation. Differential scanning calorimeter showed that hydroxypropylation lowered the gelatinization temperature of the starch. Relative crystallinity in X-ray diffraction patterns decreased and starch granule observed by scanning electron microscopy was destroyed by hydroxypropylation. This result implied that high level hydroxypropylation affected the crystal region as well as amorphous region of starch.

Chalcone 및 Active methylene 화합물들과 Acetoacetamide의 반응

배선건 群山大學校基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.11 No.-

In connection with a programme on the synthesis of monohetrocyclic such as 2-pyridone and pyridine derivatives, acetoacetamide(4) reacts with active methylene compounds(7,9,11) and chalcone (1) to give the corresponding 2-pyridone (8) and cyclohexenone derivatives (6) different from the reaction of chalcone with β-ketoanilides(2).

Furan과 Pyrrole의 Alkyl 유도체 합성

裵鮮建,柳珙植,徐惠蓮 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1990 自然科學硏究 Vol.5 No.-

New vinyl derivatives of furan and pyrrole, such as (E)-4-methyl-1-(2-pyrryl) penten-3-one(6d),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-ethylphenyl)propen-e- one(6b'),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-chlorophenyl)propen-3-one(6c'), (E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)propen-3-one(6d'),(E)-1-(2-furyl)-3-(m-nitrophenyl)-propen-one(6e') and (E)-1-(1-methyl-2-pyrryl)buten-3-one(12a) were prepared by the condensation of furfural and 1-methyl-2-formylpyrrole with the corresponding compounds having active methylene group. The reduction of compound(6d) with NaBH₄gave only (E)-4-methyl-1-(2-furyl) penten-3-ol(9d). In the application of the Huang-Minlon modification under the same condition, the reduction of vinylpyrrole deribatives gave 1-(1-methy1-2-pyrryl) butane(13a)and 1-(1-methyl-2-pyrryl)-3-phenylpropane(13a'), but vinylfuran derivatives were not reduced to the corresponding alkyl derivatives of furan because of their easy polymerization at low temperature.

Solid Support 상에서 Cr(VI)-Pyrazine Complex에 의한 Alcohol들의 선택적 산화반응

배선건 群山大學校基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學硏究 Vol.8 No.-

CuSo₄·5H₂O와 조합된 중성 Al₂O₃를 solid support로 사용한 Cr(Ⅵ)-pyrazine complex는 매우 선택적 산화제 임을 알수 있었다. CuSO₄·5H₂O와 중성 Al₂O₃를 solid support로 사용하여 상온에서 반응시켜 본 결과 benzylic 및 allylic alcohol은 산화가 된 반면 포화 1급 알콜은 낮은 수율로 혹은 산화반응이 진행되지 않았다. 이때 solid support와 Cr(Ⅵ)-pyrazine complex를 mortar에 함께 갈아서 알콜을 녹인 CH₂Cl₂용액에 넣고 heterogeneous반응을 행함으로써 반응조작과 work-up이 간편하고, 생성물이 환원된 산화제와 오염되지 않아 쉽게 분리되거나 정제되었다. Solid chromium (Ⅵ)-pyrazine complex in combination with neutral alumina and CuSo₄·H₂O was found to be selective and efficient oxidizing agent for the conversion of benzylic and allylic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones, whereas oxidation of saturated primary alcohol with same reagent was very sluggish. The product of the present procedure are not contaminated with reduced oxidant and are therefore easily isolated and purified.