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ENHANCED HUMUS FORMATION IN A SUBSTRATE- CONTROLLED COMPOSTING REACTOR
황은주,김준수,전관수 대구대학교 환경기술연구소 2004 미래환경기술 Vol.1 No.1
A substrate-amended fed-batch composting of food waste was investigated and its effect on humus formation and cellulose decomposition were studied. Various substrates were added to the reactor in fed-batch mode while no additional feed was introduced into the other reactor for comparison. Active composting was prolonged by the amendment of substrate. Cellulose composition changed from initial value of 33.4% to 32.6% in conventional batch composting. Cellulose decreased to 30.2% in the substrate-amended, fed-batch composting. It decreased further to 24.2% when the amount of substrate amendment increased in the fed-batch composting. Humus formation was enhanced in the substrate-amended composting. Humic substances were produced more in the fed-batch composting (7.47% and 8.76%) as compared to conventional batch composting (7.12%). About 5% to 23% increase in humic substance was achieved in the fed-batch composting. It was confirmed that the substrate-amended, fed-batch composting improved the degradation of cellulose and the formation of humus.
황응주,고문정 대구대학교 환경기술연구소 2005 미래환경기술 Vol.1 No.2
본 연구는 연안 어장의 수질 개선 및 양식 환경 개선을 위하여 준설퇴적물을 환경친화적으로 처리하는 방안을 모색하기 위한 실험으로써 준설퇴적물의 유기물 분별정량을 통한 최대 분해율 선정, 예비안정화 시험, 준설퇴적물 희석배율별 안정화 특성 평가 등을 수해하였다. 유기물 분별정량 결과 준설퇴적물의 유기물 분해율 30~40%를 안정화의 지표로 얻을 수 있었고 희석배율별로 측정한 TCOD, SCOD 역시 32%와 83%의 제거율을 보여 충분한 안정화가 진행된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 안정화 처리 전ㆍ후 준설퇴적물의 실제 안정성평가를 위해 발아시험을 실시해 본 결과 유기물의 안정화 처리를 거칠 경우 준설퇴적물의 식물 독성이 저감됨을 알 수 있었다. It was attempted to treat organic matter in the dredged sediments from costal mari-culture site eco-friendly. Carbohydrates in the dredged sediment were fractionated, and the potential of oxygen consumption was estimated. 30-40% of organic matter found to be maximum degradable content in a biological treatment. Easily degradable organic matter was removed in the aerobic batch test, and the sediment sample was gradually stabilized. 32% of TCOD and 83% of SCOD was removed in this experiment. TCOD removal of 32% was in the range of maximum degradable content for organic matter (30-40%). Seed germination test was conducted for the sediment samples before and after the biological stabilization, and it was found that phyto-toxicity was substantially reduced by the stabilization process.
황은주,이주헌 대구대학교 환경기술연구소 2004 미래환경기술 Vol.1 No.1
Composting of food waste was studied in a controlled batch reactor with the addition of cooked rice as a biodegradable carbon source to investigate the effect of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio control on composting. And, composting of bulking agents such as sawdust and wheat straw were tested with the addition of ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source. As expected, biodegradation of the food waste having low C/N ratio was improved to some extent when foreign carbon was added. But, bulking agents used in this study exerted themselves slightly biodegradable carbon potential, indicating that the estimation of the dose of additional carbon considering desirable C/N ratio was not reasonable when lignocellulosic bulking material was added to food waste. Also, as another parameter for the estimation of bulking agent addition, the optimum moisture contents at different mixing ratios of bulking agent were evaluated. As a result, it was found that the optimum moisture content increased with sawdust addition meaning the C/N ratio increment. At these points, it was suggested that 78g sawdust / 100g food waste be mixed to make C/N ratio to 25 and moisture content to 56% for effective composting of the food waste studied in this paper.
슬러지 호기성 소화공정에서의 유기물 분해 및 질산화 특성
황응주(Eung Ju Hwang) 大韓環境工學會 2009 대한환경공학회지 Vol.31 No.10
슬러지의 감량과 최종처분 기술 개발을 위해 실험실 규모 호기성 소화공정을 279일간 운전하였다. 혐기성 소화 슬러지를 원료로 40℃에서 120분간 알칼리 전처리하여 호기성 소화조에 유입시켰다. 유입 슬러지 성상과 HRT의 변화에 따라 소화효율의 변화가 있었으며 적정 HRT는 6일인 것으로 나타났다. 이때 NH₃-N, SCOD, TKN, TCOD, SS, VSS의 평균 제거율(소화조 유입 슬러지 기준)은 각각 97.4%, 81.7%, 68.7%, 61.4%, 50.6%, 47.0% 이었다. SS는 전처리와 호기성 소화를 통해 원료 슬러지(23,920 mg/L)의 73.9% 감량화가 가능하였다. 처리 슬러지는 약 350 mg/L의 SCOD를 포함하고 있어 액비로 활용하기에 무리가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. HRT를 5일 이상으로 유지할 경우 질산화 반응이 활성화되었으며 최대 658 mg/L의 유출 슬러지 질산성 질소 농도를 얻을 수 있었다. 암모니아성 질소 농도는 20 mg/L 내외로 크게 감소하였다. Continuous operation of aerobic sludge digestion reactor was attempted for 279 days. Anaerobic digester sludge, the target material of the experiment, was pretreated by sodium hydroxide at 40℃ for 120 minutes, and the pretreated sludge was fed to 5 L CSTR (continuous stirred tank reactor). Reactor performance was affected by properties of input sludge and HRT (hydraulic retention time). 6 days of HRT showed best and stable performance, and under this condition, removal rates of NH₃-N, SCOD, TKN, TCOD, SS, and VSS were 97.4%, 81.7%, 68.7%, 61.4%, 50.6%, and 47.0%, respectively. 73.9% of SS in anaerobic digester sludge was reduced by pretreatment and aerobic digestion. Effluent sludge had low soluble COD of 350 mg/L. This implied the sludge was stabilized and suitable for use as liquid fertilizer. Nitrification took place when HRT was higher than 4 days. NO₃-N concentration was as high as 658 mg/L while NH₃-N was as low as 20 mg/L.