Isolation of Indole Utilizing Bacteria Athrobacter sp. And Alcaligenes sp. From Livestock Waste

( Minsu Kim ),( Jin Hyung Lee ),( Eonmi Kim ),( Hyukjae Choi ),( Younghoon Kim ),( Jintae Lee ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2016 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.26 No.-

Indole is an interspecies and interkingdom sig-naling molecule widespread in different environmental compartment. Although multifaceted roles of indole in dif-ferent biological systems have been established, little infor-mation is available on the microbial utilization of indole in the context of combating odor emissions from different types of waste. The present study was aimed at identifying novel bacteria capable of utilizing indole as the sole carbon and energy source. From the selective enrichment of swine waste and cattle feces, we identified Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter and Alcaligenes. Bacteria belonging to the genus Alcaligenes showed higher rates of indole utilization than Arthrobacter. Indole at 1.0 mM for growth was completely utilized by Alcaligenes sp. in 16 h. Both strains produced two interme-diates, anthranilic acid and isatim, during aerobic indole metabolism. These isolates were also able to grow on several indole derivatives. Interestingly, an adaptive response in terms of a decrease in cell size was observed in both strains in the presence of indole. The present study will help to explain the degradation of indole by different bacteria and also the pathways through which it is catabolized. Furthermore, these novel bacterial isolates could be potentially useful for the in situ attenuation of odorant indole and its derivatives emitted from different types of livestock waste.

길경에서 추출한 polygalacin D가 근원세포 분화 및 근위축에 미치는 영향

송은주(Eun-Ju Song),허지원(Ji-Won Heo),장지희(Jee Hee Jang),김언미(Eonmi Kim),정윤희(Yun Hee Jeong),김민정(Min Jung Kim),김성은(Sung-Eun Kim) 한국영양학회 2023 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.56 No.6

Purpose: The balance between synthesis and degradation of proteins plays a critical role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been closely associated with skeletal muscle atrophy caused by aging, cancer, and chemotherapy. Polygalacin D is a saponin derivative isolated from Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. This study aimed to investigate the effects of polygalacin D on myoblast differentiation and muscle atrophy in association with mitochondrial function in in vitro and in zebrafish models in vivo. Methods: C2C12 myoblasts were cultured in differentiation media containing different concentrations of polygalacin D, followed by the immunostaining of the myotubes with myosin heavy chain (MHC). The mRNA expression of markers related to myogenesis, muscle atrophy, and mitochondrial function was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Wild type AB* zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) with or without polygalacin D, and immunostained to detect slow and fast types of muscle fibers. The Tg(Xla.Eef1a1:mito-EGFP) zebrafish expressing mitochondria-targeted green fluorescent protein was used to monitor mitochondrial morphology. Results: The exposure of C2C12 myotubes to 0.1 ng/mL of polygalacin D increased the formation of MHC-positive multinucleated myotubes (≥ 8 nuclei) compared with the control. Polygalacin D significantly increased the expression of MHC isoforms (Myh1, Myh2, Myh4, and Myh7) involved in myoblast differentiation while it decreased the expression of atrophic markers including muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad)2, and Smad3. In addition, polygalacin D promoted peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor-gamma coactivator (Pgc1α) expression and reduced the level of mitochondrial fission regulators such as dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1). In a zebrafish model of FOLFIRI-induced muscle atrophy, polygalacin D improved not only mitochondrial dysfunction but also slow and fast muscle fiber atrophy. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that polygalacin D promotes myogenesis and alleviates chemotherapy-induced muscle atrophy by improving mitochondrial function. Thus, polygalacin D could be useful as nutrition support to prevent and ameliorate muscle wasting and weakness.

Adsorption of CO Molecules on Si(001) at Room Temperature

Seo, Eonmi,Eom, Daejin,Kim, Hanchul,Koo, Ja-Yong American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.37

<P>Initial adsorption of CO molecules on Si(001) is investigated by using room-temperature (RT) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory calculations. Theoretical calculations show that only one adsorption configuration of terminal-bound CO (T-CO) is stable and that the bridge-bound CO is unstable. All the abundantly observed STM features due to CO adsorption can be identified as differently configured T-COs. The initial sticking probability of CO molecules on Si(001) at RT is estimated to be as small as ∼1 × 10<SUP>–4</SUP> monolayer/Langmuir, which is significantly increased at high-temperature adsorption experiments implying a finite activation barrier for adsorption. Thermal annealing at 900 K for 5 min results in the dissociation of the adsorbed CO molecules with the probability of 60–70% <I>instead of desorption</I>, indicating both a strong chemisorption state and an activated dissociation process. The unique adsorption state with a large binding energy, a tiny sticking probability, and a finite adsorption barrier is in stark contrast with the previous low-temperature (below 100 K) observations of a weak binding, a high sticking probability, and a barrierless adsorption. We speculate that the low-temperature results might be a signature of a physisorption state in the condensed phase.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-37/jp505971w/production/images/medium/jp-2014-05971w_0004.gif'></P>

Biofilm Inhibitory Activity of Collismycin C from the Micronesian Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp. MC025 on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms

Jin-Hyung LEE,Eonmi KIM,Hyukjae CHOI,Jintae LEE 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Inhibitory effects of collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A on particulate matter-induced pulmonary injury

Choi, Hyukjae,Lee, Wonhwa,Kim, Eonmi,Ku, Sae-Kwang,Bae, Jong-Sup Elsevier 2019 Phytomedicine Vol.62 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>) is associated with elevated pulmonary injury caused by the loss of vascular barrier integrity. Marine microbial natural products isolated from microbial culture broths were screened for pulmonary protective effects against PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>. Two 2,2′-bipyridine compounds isolated from a red alga-associated <I>Streptomyces</I> sp. MC025—collismycin C (<B>2</B>) and pyrisulfoxin A (<B>5</B>)—were found to inhibit PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-mediated vascular barrier disruption.</P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To confirm the inhibitory effects of collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A on PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-induced pulmonary injury</P> <P><B>Study design</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A on PM-induced lung endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and pulmonary inflammation.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>Permeability, leukocyte migration, proinflammatory protein activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and histology were evaluated in PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-treated ECs and mice.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A significantly scavenged PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>-induced ROS and inhibited the ROS-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase as well as activated Akt, which helped in maintaining endothelial integrity, in purified pulmonary endothelial cells. Furthermore, collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A reduced vascular protein leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and proinflammatory cytokine release in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of PM-treated mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>These data suggested that collismycin C and pyrisulfoxin A might exert protective effects on PM-induced inflammatory lung injury and vascular hyperpermeability.</P> <P><B> <B>Graphical abstract</B> </B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>