Antiviral Effect of Low Molecular Weight Chitooligosaccharide Against SARS-CoV-2 in Vitro

( Donghwan Jang ),( Dagyum Lee ),( Jihee Jung ),( Sungweon Ryoo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Background We tried to assure the natural polysaccharide would be used as a disinfectant for Coronavirus disease 2019. Previous studies already reported that the chitosans are effective substances for viral diseases. Here, we showed that three different molecular weight chitosan-based substances (chitosan, chitooligosaccharide, and water soluble chitosan) have direct antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro using Vero cells. Methods The cytotoxicity of chitosan-based substances was measured by MTT assay. The antiviral effect was confirmed by quantitative viral RNA targeting the RdRp gene and plaque assay. The reduction of nucleocapsid protein expression in the virus-infected cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Results The chitosan-based substances have low cytotoxicity to Vero cells. Among the chitosan-based substances tested, chitooligosaccharide decreased the expression of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and reduced SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions In conclusion, low molecular weight chitooligosaccharide can serve as an antiviral natural disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.

Sumoylation of Flotillin-1 promotes EMT in metastatic prostate cancer by suppressing Snail degradation

Jang, Donghwan,Kwon, Hayeong,Choi, Moonjeong,Lee, Jaewoong,Pak, Yunbae Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2019 Oncogene Vol.38 No.17

Essential role of flotillin-1 palmitoylation in the intracellular localization and signaling function of IGF-1 receptor.

Jang, Donghwan,Kwon, Hayeong,Jeong, Kyuho,Lee, Jaewoong,Pak, Yunbae The Company of Biologists Ltd. 2015 Journal of cell science Vol.128 No.11

<P>Here, we explored flotillin-1-mediated regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling. Flotillin-1-deficient cells exhibited a reduction in the activation of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), ERK1/2 and Akt pathways, and the transcriptional activation of Elk-1 and the proliferation in response to IGF-1 were reduced in these cells. We found that IGF-1-independent flotillin-1 palmitoylation at Cys34 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was required for the ER exit and the plasma membrane localization of flotillin-1 and IGF-1R. IGF-1-dependent depalmitoylation and repalmitoylation of flotillin-1 sustained tyrosine kinase activation of the plasma-membrane-targeted IGF-1R. Dysfunction and blocking the turnover of flotillin-1 palmitoylation abrogated cancer cell proliferation after IGF-1R signaling activation. Our data show that flotillin-1 palmitoylation is a new mechanism by which the intracellular localization and activation of IGF-1R are controlled.</P>

A Morphometric Study of the Lumbar Interspinous Space in 100 Stanford University Medical Center Patients

Jang, Donghwan,Park, Seoungwoo The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2014 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.55 No.5

Objective : With the increased use of interspinous spacers in the treatment of lumbar stenosis, knowledge of the geometry of the interspinous space is important. To prevent dislodgment of an interspinous spacer, the accurate depth and width of the interspinous space needs to be established to facilitate the best intraoperative selection of correct spacer size. Methods : To determine the depth and width of the interspinous space, two methods are available which utilize plain film and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data analysis of the interspinous depth and width was undertaken in 100 patients. Results : The standard deviations were variable, since skin thickness (zone 1) was altered by sex and age. The difference in the zone 1 distance between adjacent interspinous processes varied according to gender (p<0.05), but was not influenced by age [p=0.32 by analysis of variance between groups (ANOVA)]. Zone 2, the supraspinous, and zone 3, the interspinous ligament depths, comprise the operative working area during insertion of an interspinous spacer. There were no differences with regard to gender or age (p>0.05). For zones 6 and 7, the interspinous distances at the narrowest and widest points, respectively, were found to decrease with the aging process, but the decrease was not statistically significant. There were no differences with regard to gender (p>0.05). Conclusion : This study provides additional information on the interspinous space. This statistical data are valuable for use in the design of interspinous spacers.

Delayed Brain Infarction due to Bilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion Which Occurred 5 Days after Cervical Trauma

Jang, Donghwan,Kim, Choonghyo,Lee, Seung Jin,Kim, Jiha The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2014 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.56 No.2

Vertebral artery (VA) injuries usually accompany cervical trauma. Although these injuries are commonly asymptomatic, some result in vertebrobasilar infarction. The symptoms of VA occlusion have been reported to usually manifest within 24 hours after trauma. The symptoms of bilateral VA occlusions seem to be more severe and seem to occur with shorter latencies than those of unilateral occlusions. A 48-year-old man had a C3-4 fracture-dislocation with spinal cord compression that resulted from a traffic accident. After surgery, his initial quadriparesis gradually improved. However, he complained of sudden headache and dizziness on the 5th postoperative day. His motor weakness was abruptly aggravated. Radiologic evaluation revealed an infarction in the occipital lobe and cerebellum. Cerebral angiography revealed complete bilateral VA occlusion. We administered anticoagulation therapy. After 6 months, his weakness had only partially improved. This case demonstrates that delayed infarction due to bilateral VA occlusion can occur at latencies as long as 5 days. Thus, we recommend that patients with cervical traumas that may be accompanied by bilateral VA occlusion should be closely observed for longer than 5 days.

Operation Report of Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory at National Tuberculosis Hospital

( Donghwan Jang ),( Jiyeon Kim ),( Seungkyu Park ),( Sungweon Ryoo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Background Since its opening in 1941, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital (MNTH) has specialized in treating and managing refractory Tuberculosis (TB) patients. MNTH is operating TB specimen biobank. The risk of laboratory-acquired infection is increased due to the main procedures of diagnosis and research on TB and pandemic COVID-19. In addition, experiments to be performed strictly at BL3 facilities are growing. Methods During the first installation and operation permit in May 2017 to December 2020 of the MNTH BL3 laboratory, we analyzed the log records statistically indicate the annual BL3 usage hours, the subtotal time required for each task, and the number of daily entrances by the purpose of routine diagnosis and research. Results Total time for the routine diagnostic is decreasing from 188 to 53 hours per year. On the other hand, the time required for clinical research increased from 873 to 1,112 hours per year. The number of daily entrances decreased from 0.87 to 0.34 in routine diagnosis and increased from 0.83 to 1.76 in clinical research work. Conclusions Due to the aspect of MNTH, where the number of TB patients is decreasing every year, routine diagnostic tests performed in BL3 are rapidly decreasing. Meanwhile, in clinical research, the demand for not only TB-related research but also research related to COVID-19 is quickly increasing. MNTH Clinical Research Center is conducting five related studies, including joint research on mRNA COVID-19 vaccine development. Properly utilizing the well-established BL3 facilities is expected to present exemplary cases used in research projects such as the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19 pandemic.

펄스자장을 이용한 고이방화 Nd - Fe - B 자석의 종축자장성형방법

김동환(Donghwan Kim),강병길(Byungkill Kang),장동열(Dongyoul Jang),김승호(Andrew S. Kim),김상면(Sangmyun Kim),장태석(T. S. Jang) 한국자기학회 2003 韓國磁氣學會誌 Vol.13 No.4

A new axial pressing method using pulse magnetizing field was studied to improve the remanence of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets. In order to make near-net shape green compacts of butterfly, disk, or coin magnets, conventional axial-type pressing has been normally used. However, compared to the transverse-type pressing, it is not possible to obtain higher remanence by this method because the magnetic alignment of powder begins to deteriorate when the density of green compacts increases over a critical value. On the other hand, we found that an axial pressing under pulse magnetizing field was very effective to increase the degree of magnetic alignment of powder, yielding remanences even higher than those obtained by the transverse pressing. In this study, it was revealed that appropriate tapping density and how to apply pulse magnetic field were important to improve the grain alignment and thus remanence of Nd-Fe-B sintered magnet.

아두이노를 활용한 자폐증 음악치료용 전자악기에 대한 연구

장동환(Donghwan Jang),김시현(Sihyun Kim),박진우(Park-jin Woo),이성진(Sungjin Lee),김대희(Daehee Kim),문상호(Sangho Moon) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

2006년에 진행한 초등학교 특수학급 음악치료에 대한 특수교사와 음악치료사의 인식 조사 논문에 따르면 특수교육에 대한 지원이 확대되며 치료 교육에 대한 학부모들의 수요 또한 늘어나는 것이 확인되었고, 2018년 특수학교의 음악교육 실태조사 연구논문에서 음악실과 기자재 구비는 상승하였으나, 이동이 힘들거나, 동시 수업으로 인한 다양한 악기가 부족한 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 악기를 이용한 자폐성 장애 아동의 사회성 향상 교육을 위한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어를 결합한 모듈 개발을 진행하였다. 피에조 센서와 아두이노를 이용하여 다양한 악기 소리를 설정하여 간단한 조작으로 여러 악기를 체험할 수 있고 모듈화를 통하여 음악 치료를 위한 악기를 설계하였다. 이 연구를 통해 장애 아동의 음악 치료에 도움이 되길 기대한다. According to a 2006 paper by a music therapist and a music therapist in elementary schools, the demand for special education increased, and a 2018 music education study showed that music rooms and equipment increased, but it was difficult to move or lacked various instruments. In this work, we develop a module that combines hardware and software for social improvement education in autistic children using tools. Various instrument sounds can be set using piezo sensors and Arduino, so you can experience various instruments through simple operation and there are instruments designed for music therapy through modularity. Hopefully, the study will help disabled children heal their music.

레고 마인드스톰을 활용한 반려동물 훈련 및 관리에 관한 연구

장동환(Donghwan Jang),김시현(Sihyun Kim),윤호식(Hosik Yoon),김민주(Minju Kim),이성진(Sungjin Lee),문상호(Sangho Moon) 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.25 No.1

2018년에 발행된 반려동물 관련 산업 규모 추정 및 전망에 관한 논문에 따르면 2015년 기준 우리나라 반려동물 보유 가구 중 26.9%가 30대 1인 가구이며, 부부로만 구성된 1세대 가구인 것이 확인되었다. 1인가구와 맞벌이 부부가 사회적으로 증가한 것과 관련하여, 반려동물이 원하지 않는 방치 시간의 급증과 훈련시간 부족이 문제가 된다고 판단된다. 본 논문은 레고 마인드스톰을 이용한 반려동물의 훈련 및 관리를 위한 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어 제품 개발을 진행하였다. 레고 마인드스톰은 다양한 센서를 구비하였고, 쉬운 조립 및 비주얼 스크립팅을 통한 간단한 프로그래밍으로 반려동물을 훈련하거나 케어하는 장비를 제작할 수 있다. 또한 자체 모듈화가 잘 되어있어, 새로운 장비로 전환 또한 쉬울 것으로 예상한다. 이 연구를 통해 반려동물시장 확대가 활발해지는 때 반려동물의 훈련과 관리에 도움이 되길 기대한다. According to a paper on estimating and forecasting the size of the pet-related industry published in 2018, 26.9% of the nation's pet-owned households were in their 30s and one-person households, consisting only of couples, as of 2015. Regarding the social increase in single-person households and double-income couples, it is believed that the surge in neglect time and lack of training time that pets do not want is a problem. This paper conducted the development of hardware and software products for the training and management of companion animals using Lego Mind Storm. Lego mind Storm is equipped with a variety of sensors and can produce equipment to train or care pets with simple programming through easy assembly and visual scripting. It is also expected that switching to new equipment will be easy because it is well modularized. We hope that this study will help the training and management of pets when the expansion of the pet market becomes active through this study.

Leukotriene B4 receptor-2 contributes to KRAS-driven lung tumor formation by promoting interleukin-6-mediated inflammation

Jang Jae-Hyun,Park Donghwan,Park Guen-soo,Kwak Dong-Wook,Park JaeIn,Yu Dae-Yeul,You Hye Jin,Kim Jae-Hong 생화학분자생물학회 2021 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.53 No.-

Although lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung cancer cases, the mechanism by which KRAS mutation drives lung cancer has not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that the expression levels of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and its ligand-producing enzymes (5-LOX, 12-LOX) were highly increased by mutant KRAS and that BLT2 or 5-/12-LOX blockade attenuated KRAS-driven lung cell proliferation and production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a principal proinflammatory mediator of lung cancer development. Next, we explored the roles of BLT2 and 5-/12-LOX in transgenic mice with lung-specific expression of mutant KRAS (KrasG12D) and observed that BLT2 or 5-/12-LOX inhibition decreased IL-6 production and tumor formation. To further determine whether BLT2 is involved in KRAS-driven lung tumor formation, we established a KrasG12D/BLT2-KO double-mutant mouse model. In the double-mutant mice, we observed significantly suppressed IL-6 production and lung tumor formation. Additionally, we observed high BLT2 expression in tissue samples from patients with KrasG12D-expressing lung adenocarcinoma, supporting the contributory role of BLT2 in KRAS-driven human lung cancer. Collectively, our results suggest that BLT2 is a potential contributor to KRAS-driven lung cancer and identify an attractive therapeutic target for KRAS-driven lung cancer.