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Regulation of $I{\kappa}B$ Kinase by $G{\beta}L$ through Recruitment of the Protein Phosphatases
You, Dong-Joo,Kim, You-Lim,Park, Cho-Rong,Kim, Dong-Kyu,Yeom, Jeong-Hun,Lee, Cheol-Ju,Ahn, Curie,Seong, Jae-Young,Hwang, Jong-Ik Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2010 Molecules and cells Vol.30 No.6
G protein ${\beta}$-like ($G{\beta}L$) is a member of WD repeat-containing family which are involved in various intracellular signaling events. In our previous report, we demonstrated that $G{\beta}L$ regulates TNF${\alpha}$-stimulated NF-${\kappa}$B signaling by interacting with and inhibiting phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B$ kinase. However, $G{\beta}L$ itself does not seem to regulate IKK directly, because it contains no functional domains except WD domains. Here, using immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses, we identified protein phosphatase 4 as a new binding partner of $G{\beta}L$. We also found that $G{\beta}L$ interacts with PP2A and PP6, other members of the same phosphatase family. By interacting with protein phosphatases, which do not directly bind to IKK${\beta}$, $G{\beta}L$ mediates the association of phosphatases with IKK${\beta}$. Overexpression of protein phosphatases inhibited TNF${\kappa}$-induced activation of NF-${\kappa}$B signaling, which is an effect similar to that of $G{\beta}L$ overexpression. Down-regulation of $G{\beta}L$ by small interfering RNA diminished the inhibitory effect of phosphatases, resulting in restoration of NF-${\kappa}$B signaling. Thus, we propose that $G{\beta}L$ functions as a negative regulator of NF-${\kappa}$B signaling by recruiting protein phosphatases to the IKK complex.
우리나라 공공하수처리시설의 방류수 수질 관리체계 개선방안 고찰 -미국, 일본, 유럽의 공공하수처리시설 방류수 수질 관리제도를 중심으로-
정동환 ( Dong Hwan Jeong ),최인철 ( In Cheol Choi ),조양석 ( Yang Seok Cho ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ),염익태 ( Ck Tae Yeom ),손대희 ( Dae Gee Son ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.4
In recent years, Ministry of Environment (MOE) has been implementing a phased strengthening of the effluent standards for sewage treatment plants. In this regard, a comprehensive system should be developed to help check the appropriateness of such standards by specifying the grounds for standard-setting and investigating the current operation of sewage treatment plants clearly. It is necessary to establish a new standard-setting system for the effluent that is in a closer connection with the environmental criteria and rating systems. In the United States, the federal government provides guidelines on the least provisions and requirements for the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). Local governments set the same or stricter guidelines that reflect the characteristics of each state. In Japan, the sewage treatment plants are subject to both the effluent standards and the discharge acceptable limits to pubic waters under the sewerage law. Specific requirements and limits are set in accordance with local government regulations. The European Union imposes sewage treatment plants with different provisions for effluent standards, depending on the sensitivity of public waters to eutrophication. The effluent standards for sewage treatment plants are classified by pollutant loads discharged to receiving waters. MOE also needs to introduce systems for setting new parameter standards on a POTW effluent by applying statistical means and treatment efficiencies or optimal treatment techniques, as seen in the cases of the US National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) or the EU Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC).
( Yong Chul Jang ),( Dong Joo Hwang ),( Jung Hoon Koo ),( Hyun Seob Um ),( Nam Hee Lee ),( Dong Cheol Yeom ),( Youngil Lee ),( Joon Yong Cho ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.1
[Purpose] We investigated whether treadmill Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola, USA exercise (TE)-induced neuroprotection was associated with enhanced autophagy and reduced apoptosis in a mouse model of pharmacologically induced Parkinson's disease (PD). [Methods] PD was induced via the administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to the following three groups: control (C57BL, n=10), MPTP with probenecid (MPTP/C, n=10), and MPTP/ C plus exercise (MPTP-TE, n=10). The MPTP-TE mice performed TE training (10 m/ min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week) for 8 weeks. The rotarod test was used to assess motor function. [Results] TE restored MPTP/P-induced motor dysfunctionand increased tyrosine hydroxylase levels. Furthermore, TE diminished the levels of α-synuclein (α-syn), a neurotoxin; modulated the levels of autophagy-associated proteins, including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II, p62, BECLIN1, BNIP3, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2, which enhanced autophagy; inhibited the activation of proapoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and BAX);and upregulated BCL-2, an antiapoptosis protein. [Conclusion] Taken together, these results suggested that the TE-induced neuroprotection against MPTP-induced cell death was associated with enhanced autophagy and neuronal regeneration based on the findings of inhibited proapoptotic events in the brains of the TE-trained animals.
Security Concentration and Fund Performance
( Pan Do Sohn ),( Sung Sin Kim ),( Dong Cheol Yeom ) 한국금융공학회 2010 한국금융공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.1
This paper examines whether focused funds offer superior performance in Korean actively managed equity funds which are not subject to survivorship bias over November 2001 to December 2008. On the one hand, due to information advantages, fund manager may decide to allocate their fund to specific industry and security focally, which means concentrating their holdings in few industry and focusing on a small number of securities to produce superior performance. On the other hand, due to a convex option-like payoff, liquidity, idiosyncratic risk and trading behavior, focused funds could not outperform diversified funds. Our paper finds no evidence that focused funds outperform diversified funds significantly. Even after controlling for various fund characteristics, and using several alternative concentrate measures and also performance measures, fund performance is positively related to the degree of diversification. In further securitizing primary sources in details, we identify the several evidences as underperformance causation of focused funds that the linkage of focused fund underperformance to liquidity problem, idiosyncratic risk, and trade performance could be possibilities. Hence our results do not support the view that manager with focused funds have superior stock selection ability and in turns focused funds provide more value to fund investors. Our findings have an important investor strategy meaning in that it provides valuable ways of money management to money managers in fund industry.
접시꽃 캘러스 추출물의 천연화장품 원료로서의 효능 평가
이기복 ( Gibok Lee ),염아름 ( Areum Yeom ),김동원 ( Kim Dong Won ),박창민 ( Chang-min Park ),정민석 ( Min-seok Joung ),이기용 ( Gi Yong Lee ),정철승 ( Cheol-seung Jeong ) 대한화장품학회 2018 대한화장품학회지 Vol.44 No.3
본 연구에서는 천연 화장품 소재 개발을 위하여 접시꽃 캘러스 생리활성 효능에 대해서 평가하였다. 접시꽃캘러스 추출물의 항산화 효능은 DPPH, ABTS, FRAP assay를 통해서 확인하였다. 그 결과 접시꽃캘러스 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 강력한 항산화 능력을 확인되었다. 더불어, 접시꽃 캘러스 추출물은 10 mg/mL 의 농도에서 세포 내 ROS를 효과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 접시꽃 캘러스 추출물의 미백효능을 평가하기 위해 tyrosinase 저해 효과를 확인한 결과, 접시꽃 캘러스 추출물은 10 mg/mL 의 농도에서 tyrosinase 활성을 51% 감소시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로, 접시꽃 캘러스 추출물은 항산화 및 미백 효능을 지닌 화장품 기능성 소재로서 적용 가치가 높은 천연소재로 사료된다. In this study, we investigated the biological effects of Alcea rosea L. callus extract for the development of natural cosmetics ingredients. The antioxidant activities of A. rosea L. callus extract was measured through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assay. As a result, A. rosea L. callus extract were found to have a strong antioxidant ability in a dose dependent manner. In addition, A. rosea L. callus effectively reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by AAPH at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. In a tyrosinase activity assay, we found that A. rosea L. callus extract reduced tyrosinase activity by 51% at 10 mg/mL. Based on these results, A. rosea L. callus extract is considered as a promising natural ingredients for cosmetics with antioxidant and whitening functions.