百濟時代 壁柱建物의 構造와 展開過程에 대한 硏究

조선영 전북대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

The present study aims to analyze the structural characteristics of pillar-wall structures and to determine the period and quarter of their life in an effort to explore the process and pattern of their timely and spatial changes and development. For this aim, structural characteristics of domestic buildings with pillar walls were examined by splitting the regions in four and also by referring to the data of pillar-wall buildings in the Japanese Islands. Based on the examinations, it was possible to trace back the developments of Baekje Kingdom's pillar-wall buildings as they appeared (Period I), came into wide use (Period II) and became diffused and extinct (Period III). In the first place, pillar-wall buildings entered an appearance revolving around the basins of the Geum River (Period I), and spreaded into the stronghold areas. This period is supposed to be sometime of Hanseong Period or the early half of the 5th century if Japanese data were positively accepted to be authentic. The structures of buildings in this period were of regular square or rectangle + small and medium + IIa type. Among them, pillar-wall buildings of I and II types were likely to show up at the same time. Besides, buildings of Ia type are presumed to be built for persons of high standing while those of IIa type are thought to be general residences or production-related facilities judging from excavations. Pillar-wall buildings began to come into wide use (Period II) mainly in the capital and local areas of Baekje Kingdom at a time ranging from the latter half of the 5th century after the transfer of its capital to Ungjin upto the former half of the 6th century after the transfer of the capital to Sabi. Majority of structures were built on mountains or hills mainly in the region of Gongju. On the Mt. Jeongji, particularly, pillar-wall buildings of IIa type started to be constructed from around the latter part of the 5th century onwards. In the beginning of the 6th century, pillar-wall buildings had already been built around the summit or on the slope of the mountain for kings to perform ancestral sacrifices. At this time, there existed buildings of combination in regular square/rectangle + medium and large + Ia/Ib type together with rectangle + large + IIa + D type. In Japan, pillar-wall buildings were constructed mainly in Nara in addition to such regions as Kyoto, Dottori, Nagoya and Osaka, all on the hills in the rectangle + large + Ia + A/B type. It is noteworthy to find Korean hypocaust or a underfloor heating system of a room in Dakatori area where there was a strong influence from the Korean peninsula. Lots of incident facilities that were used for production are very suggestive of their connection with the group of immigrants from the Korean peninsula and the central government of Japan. During the period of diffusion and extinction of pillar-wall structures (Period III), palaces, temples and pillar-wall buildings were extensively constructed thanks to the government initiative for full-scale development of the then capital. Even in the strongholds located in the suburbs of the capital, typified buildings with pillar walls were constructed. Buyeo was the center of the region and Iksan and parts of Jeonnam province were stronghold areas. The structures of buildings were of flat land + typified + small and medium + Ic type equipped each with exits and entrances, cooking as well as heating facilities and columns of wooden fences. In case of the buildings in the capital, pillar-wall buildings were in the center of the complex with such incident buildings as houses of flat land type, pavilion type and other miscellaneous buildings on both sides of pillar-wall buildings while in the outer block there were dugout relics and production-related facilities of the pavilion-type houses. Meanwhile, Baekje Kingdom imported new elements of construction like temple construction style and construction style of Bei wei (北魏) Buddhism through exchanges with Beichao (北朝) in China that started from the latter part of the 6th century, influencing the style of pillar-wall buildings. Centered around Buyeo and Iksan regions, typified buildings of regular square + small and medium + Ib + B equivalents type were constructed with fences and ditches installed. The buildings of the outer blocks were located mostly on the hills assuming the form of general houses attached with rectangle + IIa type + C equivalents + exits and entrances + hypocaust. The Period III may be thus classified as the time when pillar-wall structures were typified and diversified by class and usage. In the Japanese Island, on the other hand,it was the period when pillar-wall buildings were constructed in the urban area and the trend continued to the former half of the 7th century during which the construction boomed thanks especially to a long string of experts in culture, technology, and art who flooded from Baekje Kingdom including Dr's in Five Classics of Ancient China in the forefront. The structures of buildings showed a combination of flat land + regular square + large + Ib + A, B equivalents + exists and entrances + fences. The pillar-wall buildings in the center were accompanied with flat land- and pavilion-type buildings as incident facilities with their space split by wooden fences, ditches or water ways, the same pattern of development as seen in Buyeo region during the Period III. After the fall of Baekje Kingdom approximately in the mid or latter part of the 7th century, however, no more pillar-wall buildings were found to be built From the review as above, it becomes evident that pillar-wall buildings have played an extremely important role in bridging Korea and Japan in the old history and survived complex processes of transformation throughout the whole society of Baekje. In this paper, it was attempted to gain an insight into the structural characteristics of pillar-wall buildings preponderantly but it is regret to say that my lack of capacity and shortage of accessible data prohibited me from precisely defining the structure and category of most important parts of a building like roofs and walls and classifying the types, origin and genealogy of pillar-wall structures. I promise myself to correct and complement the present study whenever further and better data are collected.

터빈 블레이드 재료의 腐蝕劣化에 의한 破壞 特性評價

조선영 성균관대학교 1999 국내박사

지구단위계획내 친환경적 인센티브의 계획·적용 특성에 관한 연구 : 서울의 6개 자치구(自治區)를 중심으로

조선영 서울市立大學校 2004 국내석사

어린이집 원장의 코칭리더십이 보육교사의 전문성에 미치는 영향

조선영 남서울대학교 대학원 2015 국내석사

The childcare sector for infants, toddlers and preschoolers has definitely grown fast in our country. Despite such a quantitative growth, however, there is still room for improvement in terms of quality, and how to boost the quality of childcare is widely discussed under circumstances. In this study, professionalism of daycare teachers were selected as noteworthy, important variables that might affect the quality and sustained development of childcare and are directly linked to infants, toddlers and preschoolers. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine the possible influence of the coaching leadership of daycare center principals on the professionalism of daycare teachers and the relationship of the former to the latter variables. Four research questions were posed: 1. What are the coaching leadership of daycare center principals perceived by daycare teachers and their self-perceived professionalism? 2. Does the coaching leadership of principals have anything to do with the professionalism of teachers? 3. Does the coaching leadership of principals exert any influence on the professionalism of teachers? The subjects in this study were 300 daycare teachers in daycare centers in South Chungcheong Province. After a survey was conducted, the answer sheets from 288 respondents were analyzed except for 12 ones. As for data analysis, a statistical package SPSS 18.0 was used. A frequency analysis was made to find out the general characteristics of the subjects, and statistical data on percentage were obtained to grasp pervasive trends. To see if there would be any differences in their perception according to background variables, t-test was utilized, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to look for connections between the variables. Besides, a multiple regression analysis was made to determine the influence of the coaching leadership of the principals on the professionalism of the daycare teachers. The findings of the study were as follows: First, pervasive trends in the coaching leadership of the principals perceived by the daycare teachers and their self-perceived professionalism were analyzed. As a result, it's found that the daycare teachers considered the coaching leadership of the principals to be above average, and they considered their own professionalism to be above average as well. Second, the correlation of the coaching leadership of the principals perceived by the daycare teachers to their professionalism was analyzed. There was a positive correlation between the coaching leadership of the principals and the professionalism of the daycare teachers, and every subfactor of their coaching leadership had a positive correlation with every subfactor of their professionalism. Third, when a regression analysis was made to determine whether the coaching leadership of the principals perceived by the daycare teachers affected professionalism of the daycare teachers, relational coaching leadership. As a result of analyzing which coaching leadership style affected the professionalism of the daycare teachers, relational coaching leadership and direction coaching leadership was found to have exercised a positive influence on that. Among the subfactors of professionalism, knowledge and skills were under the positive influence of relational coaching leadership, and self-understanding was positively affected by relational coaching leadership and direction coaching leadership. Relational coaching leadership and direction coaching leadership had a positive impact on professionalism in an ecological aspect as well. As a consequence, relational coaching leadership and direction coaching leadership seemed to play a great role in the professionalism of the daycare teachers. The findings of the study suggested that the coaching leadership of the principals had a positive correlation with the professionalism of the daycare teachers, and the coaching leadership of the principals seemed to be a variable that had a significant impact on the professionalism of the daycare teachers. Therefore coaching leadership is expected to affect not only daycare teachers but infants and preschoolers and ultimately to exert a further influence on the quality of childcare. Unlike the case of kindergarten teachers, not many studies haven't yet examined the professionalism of daycare teachers so far. As the qualifications of daycare teachers are closely bound up with the quality of childcare, daycare teachers should get recognized as educational experts, and the kind of system that offers fair assistance for these teachers in terms of both job performance and finance should be established. As the daycare teachers were correlated to the coaching leadership of the principals who were responsible for their guidance and supervision, coaching leadership programs geared toward both principals and daycare teachers should be prepared, and they should be given an opportunity to participate in these programs. In addition, they should make every possible effort themselves to boost the quality of childcare.

오페라 여성 캐릭터 분석을 통한 음악 비평 교수·학습 지도안 연구

조선영 경희대학교 교육대학원 2020 국내석사

인공지능을 비롯한 정보·기술이 주도하는 4차 산업혁명으로 인해 현대 사회에서는 기계가 가질 수 없는 인간만의 감성과 인성을 바탕으로 창의·융합 사고를 갖춘 인재를 요구하고 있다. 이러한 흐름에 따라 2015 개정 음악과 교육과정에서는 비판적 사고를 통해 창의·융합 사고와 음악적 감수성을 기를 수 있는 ‘비평’을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 오페라 여성 캐릭터 분석을 중심으로 한 음악 비평 교수·학습 지도안 연구를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 음악 비평 및 음악 비평 교육에 대한 선행 연구를 살펴보았고 음악 비평의 개념 및 유형에 대해 정리하며 음악 비평 교육의 의의를 밝혔다. 또한 오페라의 교육적 가치에 대해 탐구하고 오페라에서 그려지는 여성 캐릭터에 대해 고찰하였다. 2015 개정 음악과 교육과정에서 강조하는 비평 활동에 대해 분석하고 교과서에 수록된 오페라 관련 비평 활동을 정리하였다. 교과서 수록 오페라 중 ‘Carmen’의 ‘카르멘’과 ‘La traviata’의 ‘비올레타’를 중심으로 여성 캐릭터를 분석하였다. 연구 내용을 바탕으로 스톨니츠의 비평 유형과 펠드먼의 비평 과정을 활용하여 ‘준비-감상-연상-확장-해석-판단-내면화’로 구성된 지도 모형을 설계하였다. 고등학생을 대상으로 총 2차시로 구성된 두 개의 교수·학습 지도안을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 음악 비평 교수·학습 지도안을 통해 가창 및 기초적인 감상 활동이 대부분이었던 일반적인 오페라 수업에서 벗어나 오페라를 깊이 있게 이해하고 해석하는 새롭고 창의적인 시각의 음악 비평 수업 설계에 도움이 되기를 기대한다. Due to the 4th Industrial Revolution led by the information and technology including the Artificial Intelligence, our contemporary society requires the talents equipped with the creative and convergent thinking based on the humane sensitivity and personality. Thus, 2015 Amendment of the National Music Curriculum emphasizes the 'criticism' conducive to the development of the creative and convergent thinking and musical sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to develop a music criticism pedagogics focusing on the analysis of the female characters in opera. For this purpose, this study reviewed the preceding studies about the music criticism and its pedagogics, and thereupon, determined the significance of the music criticism education, while examining the concepts and types of the music criticism. In addition, this study explored the pedagogic value of the operas, and examined the female characters depicted in the operas. Furthermore, this study analyzed the criticism activities highlighted by 2015 Amendment of the National Music Curriculum and thereby, arranged the opera-related criticism activities listed on the music textbooks. The female characters were analyzed centering around Carmen in the opera Carmen and Violetta in La traviata. Based on the results of the analysis, this study used Stolnitz's criticism types and Feldman's criticism processes to design a pedagogic guide consisting of a series of phases: 'preparation - appreciation - association - expansion - interpretation - judgement - internalization'. Thus, two pedagogic guides of 2 sessions each for the high school students have been suggested. Lastly, it is hoped that the music criticism pedagogic guide suggested by this study would be useful to the high school music teachers who would endeavor to escape from the general opera pedagogics consisting of singing and basic appreciation to design new and creative music criticism lessons conducive to a deeper understanding of opera works.

지역아동센터 이용 빈곤아동의 학업성취동기에 관한 연구

조선영 계명대학교 대학원 2008 국내석사

This study classified variables related to the academic achievement motivation of underprivileged children who use community children center, according to individual characteristics, family characteristics, school characteristics and the use characteristics of community children center. It aimed at investigating the differences of academic achievement motivation depending on such variables, and understanding the relation between such characteristics and academic achievement motivation. A survey was conducted from September 10, 2007 to September 18, 2007. Questionnaires were distributed to elementary school students from 3rd to 6th grade who use community children center in Daegu Metropolitan City, and 152 copies were collected. A statistical program - SPSS WIN 12.0 was applied for collected data, and t-test, Oneway-ANOVA, Correlation Analysis were conducted. The major results of the study are as follows. Firstly, as the results of analyzing the differences of academic achievement motivation according to individual characteristics, it showed statistically significant differences in academic achievement motivation according to gender and a grade. Female students represented higher academic achievement motivation than male students; 4th grade students displayed higher motivation than 6th grade students did. Secondly, as the results of analyzing the differences of academic achievement motivation according to the family characteristics of children, there are statistically significant differences in the motivation according to family economic levels, in other words, students, who feel their economic levels are high, showed higher academic achievement motivation than students feel otherwise. Other variables did not represent statistically important differences. Thirdly, as the results of analyzing the differences of academic achievement motivation according to school characteristics, there are statistically significant differences according to academic results, support of schoolteachers and school life satisfaction. The higher academic results students achieve, the closer relationship with the teachers students have, the more students think the teachers recognize them as important people, the more students are satisfied with school life, it showed higher academic achievement motivation. Fourthly, as the results of analyzing the differences of academic achievement motivation according to the use characteristics of community children center, no statistically significant relation was investigated regarding the use conditions of community children center. It was identified that there is a close relation between the use satisfaction of community children center and academic achievement motivation. Therefore, the higher the use satisfaction of community children center, the higher academic achievement motivation is. As the results of analyzing the relation between academic achievement motivation and satisfaction in services regarding the use of community children center, it showed higher academic achievement motivation in proportion to the higher satisfaction in services regarding academic guidance, art & physical education, computer education, counseling, commodity support, and cultural activities. In addition, the students show higher academic achievement motivation according as they have higher social support from friends and teachers in community children center. Based on such results of the study, it can propose the following suggestions. Firstly, in order to enhance the academic achievement motivation of underprivileged children who use community children center, practical implication should diversify and individualize services that children use in the center. Secondly, in order for community children center to provide children with a proper environment, various programs and high quality services, political implication should expand governmental subsidies for community children center. Lastly, as a suggestion for future studies, it is desired to study on clarifying the effect of community children center through the comparison of children who use the center with children who do not use the center. In addition, it is required to perform such study able to figure out factors that affect academic achievement motivation among the use characteristics of community children center. 본 연구에서는 지역아동센터 이용 빈곤아동의 학업성취동기와 관련된 변수를 개인특성, 가정특성, 학교특성, 지역아동센터 이용특성으로 구분하여 이에 따른 학업성취동기의 차이를 알아보고, 어떠한 특성이 학업성취동기와 관계가 있는지 파악하고자 하였다. 설문조사는 2007년 9월 10일부터 10월 18일까지 실시하였으며, 대구광역시 내에서 운영되고 있는 지역아동센터 이용아동 중 초등학교에 재학 중인 3, 4, 5, 6학년을 대상으로 152부를 회수하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 12.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 빈도분석, T검정, 일원분산분석, 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 아동의 개인특성에 따라 학업성취동기에 차이가 있는가를 분석한 결과, 성별과 학년에 따라 학업성취동기에 있어서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 여학생의 학업성취동기가 남학생의 학업성취동기보다 높게, 6학년인 고학년 아동보다는 4학년인 저학년 아동의 학업성취동기가 더 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 아동의 가정특성에 따라 학업성취동기에 차이가 있는가를 분석한 결과, 아동이 느끼는 가정의 경제적 수준에 따라 학업성취동기의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타나 가정의 경제적 수준을 잘 사는 편이라고 느끼는 아동이 그렇지 않은 아동보다 학업성취동기가 높게 나타났다. 그 밖의 다른 변수들은 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 아동의 학교특성에 따라 학업성취동기에 차이가 있는가를 분석한 결과, 학교성적, 학교 교사지지, 학교생활 만족도에 따라 학업성취동기의 차이가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타나 학교성적이 높을수록, 학교 교사와 친하다고 생각할수록, 학교 교사가 자신을 중요한 사람으로 인정해준다고 생각할수록, 학교생활에 대해 만족할수록 학업성취동기가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 지역아동센터 이용특성에 따라 학업성취동기에 차이가 있는가를 분석한 결과, 지역아동센터 이용현황에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 지역아동센터 이용 만족도와 학업성취동기 간의 관계는 높은 상관관계를 보여 지역아동센터 이용 만족도가 높을수록 학업성취동기 또한 높게 나타났다. 지역아동센터에서 이용하는 서비스에 대한 만족도와 학업성취동기 간의 관계를 분석한 결과, 학습지도, 예체능교육, 컴퓨터교육, 상담, 물품지원, 문화활동의 서비스에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 학업성취동기가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지역아동센터 친구들과 지역아동센터 교사로부터 받는 사회적 지지가 높을수록 학업성취동기가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 제언을 제시할 수 있다. 첫째, 실천적 함의는 지역아동센터를 이용하는 빈곤아동의 학업성취동기를 높이기 위하여 아동이 지역아동센터에서 이용하는 서비스를 다양화하고 개별화해야 한다. 둘째, 정책적 함의는 지역아동센터가 아동에게 적절한 환경, 다양한 프로그램, 질 좋은 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 지역아동센터에 대한 국고지원을 확대해야 한다. 마지막으로 후속연구는 지역아동센터를 이용하는 아동과 이용하지 않는 아동의 두 집단을 비교하여 지역아동센터의 효과성을 분석할 필요가 있다. 또한 지역아동센터 이용특성 중 어떠한 요인이 빈곤아동의 학업성취동기에 영향을 주는지에 대해 파악할 수 있는 연구도 요구된다.

녹차(Camellia sinensis L.) 성숙잎으로부터 분리한 Rhamnogalactruonan 다당의 면역자극활성

조선영 경기대학교 일반대학원 2011 국내석사

Tea, from the plant Camellia sinensis L., is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide in its green, black, oroolong form. It contains many compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, vitamins, and so on, and it reduces the risk of a variety of diseases. Tea polyphenols are the main components in tea extracts. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic compound in tea extracts, is well-known to have antioxidant, antibacterial, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities. Numerous data involving above results have been indicated that the biological and pharmacological effect of tea was focused on the EGCG in immature tea leaves. However EGCGs can not account for all of the ingredients in tea and their observed clinical effects. The possibility that other biologically active ingredients such as specific polysaccharides may exist in mature tea leaves, still remains. In order to develop the new physiologically active polysaccharides from mature tea leaves, the polysaccharides were isolated from pectinase digests of mature tea leaves and their immuno­stimulating activity were examined. The crude polysaccharide fraction (GTW) and polysaccharide fraction (GTE-0) treated with commercial pectinase were prepared from the leaves of C. sinensis, and their immuno-stimulating activities were compared with each other. The crude polysaccharide fraction (GTE-0) in pectinase digest of mature tea leaves was purified by one column chromatography on Sephadex G­100 to give the two purified polysaccharides, GTE-I and GTE-II with different molecular weights. GTE-I and GTE-II were eluted as almost single HPLC peaks and their molecular weights were estimated to be 44 kDa and 16 kDa, respectively. The high molecular weight polysaccharide, GTE-I showed a higher anti­complementary activity than GTE-II in a dose­dependent fashion. Also the anti-complementary activity of GTE-0 was more potent than that of GTW. Results obtained by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti­human C3 in the absence of Ca++ ion suggested complement activation by GTE-I and GTE-II from tea leaves occurs via both alternative and classical pathways. In an in vitro cytotoxicity analysis, all tea polysaccharides did not affect the growth of murine macrophages whereas showed high splenocyte proliferating activity. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with GTE-I and GTE-II produced various cytokines such as IL­6 and IL­12 and their activities were higher than GTW fraction. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity, i.v. administration of GTE-I and GTE-II significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity against Yac­1 tumor cells. In experimental lung metastasis of B16BL6 melanoma cellss, prophylactically intravenous (i.v.) administration of GTE-I and GTE-II purified from the pectinase digest of mature tea leaves, significantly inhibited lung metastasis at a dose of 100 μg/mouse. Also the depletion of NK cells by rabbit anti­asialo GM1 mostly or partly abolished the inhibitory effect of GTE-I and GTE-II on lung metastasis. The macrophages obtained from the mice which were injected with GTE-II (100 μg/mouse) 3 days before the assay showed significantly higher tumoricidal activity against tumor cells than that of the untreated macrophages. These data suggest that the anti­metastatic activity of GTE-I is mainly associated with activation of NK cells whereas GTE-II with activation of both NK cells and macrophages. From these results, one can conclude that mature tea leaves contain the polysaccharides in addition to healthy components, and these polysaccharides appears to improve immune-stimulating and anti-metastatic activities beneficial to human health. To develop as ingredients of fuctional foods from mature tea leaves, it is necessary to introduce pectinase-treated process for mature tea leaves.

유사 기능 완료상 보조동사의 교수·학습 방안 연구 : '버리다', '말다', '내다'를 중심으로

조선영 인천대학교 2018 국내석사

본 연구의 목적은 유사한 의사소통 기능을 수행하는 한국어 완료상 보조동사 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’의 상적, 양태적 의미와 통사적 특징의 유사점과 차이점을 비교하여 효과적인 교수·학습 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 한국어 보조동사는 시제와 상, 피동과 사동, 부정, 양태 관련의 문법범주를 형성하는데 본고의 주제인 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’는 완료상의 문법범주와 관련이 있으며 다양한 양태적 의미로 사용된다. 선행 연구에 따르면 한국어 학습자들은 초급 단계에서 익힌 소수의 보조용언을 주로 사용하며 높은 단계에서 배운 보조용언의 사용을 회피하는 경향이 있다. 그러나 학문이나 직업 목적으로 한국어를 학습하는 경우 한국어 원어민들과 마찬가지로 미묘한 의미 차이를 표현하기 위해서 사용되는 보조용언을 이해하고 사용할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 보조동사 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’는 비교적 사용 빈도가 높은 완료상 보조동사로 ‘완료/종결’의 공통된 상적 의미를 지니고 이 ‘완료’ 또는 ‘종결’의 의미를 바탕으로 여러 양태적 의미를 표현한다. ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’는 어떤 완료된 행위의 결과에 대해 ‘안타까움/후회/아쉬움’을 표현할 때 공통적으로 사용할 수 있다. 그리고 ‘버리다’는 상반된 의미인 ‘부담 제거/후련함/시원함’의 양태적 의미도 가지는데 이때는 ‘말다’와 교체해서 사용할 수 없다. ‘내다’의 기본 의미는 어떤 일의 완료된 결과가 주어의 노력에 의한 ‘성취’의 결과이다. ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’와 마찬가지로 ‘완료’의 의미를 나타내지만 그 결과적인 차이로 인해 ‘버리다’ 또는 ‘말다’와 교체해서 사용할 수 없다. 이들 보조동사는 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’과 결합하여 1인칭 주어의 ‘의지와 결심’ 그리고 화자의 ‘추측’도 나타낼 수 있다. 주어의 ‘의지/결심’을 나타낼 때 ‘말다’와 ‘내다’는 어떤 일을 이루겠다는 의지를 표현하므로 교체해서 사용할 수 있으나 ‘버리다’는 마음만 먹으면 어렵지 않게 해 낼 수 있다는 태도를 표현하므로 차이가 있다. 그리고 ‘추측’의 의미는 ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’가 교체해서 사용할 수 있고 어떤 일의 성취에 대한 추측으로는 ‘내다’를 사용하는 것이 자연스럽다. 이 보조동사들의 통사적 특징은 상적, 양태적 의미와 관련이 있다. ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’는 주어와 화자의 심리 태도를 모두 나타낼 수 있어서 통사적 제약이 비교적 적으나 성취하고자 하는 주어의 심리 태도를 나타내는 ‘내다’는 통사적 제약이 많은 편이다. ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’의 경우 거의 모든 동사가 선행 용언으로 올 수 있고 주어 제약도 없다. 그러나 ‘내다’는 주어의 의지를 나타낼 수 있는 타동사만 선행 용언으로 올 수 있고 의지를 표현할 수 있는 유정명사만 주어가 될 수 있다. 반면에 ‘내다’는 문장 유형이나 부정문 형성에 제약이 없지만 ‘말다’는 명령형, 청유형 문장과 장형 부정문 형성에 제약이 있다. 그리고 ‘버리다’는 ‘-지 말다’ 부정문의 형태는 불가하고 선어말어미는 세 보조동사 모두 보조동사와 결합한다. 이와 같이 이 보조동사들은 양태적으로 유사한 의미와 함께 다른 보조동사와 구별되는 의미를 표현하기 때문에 교수·학습에 어려움이 예상되었고 이 세 보조동사의 기능 별 비교를 통한 한국어 교육학적 연구가 아직까지 충분하지 않다는 점에서 이 연구를 수행하였다. 먼저 1장에서는 연구의 필요성 및 목적과 연구의 방법을 밝히고 국어학 분야와 한국어 교육 분야에서의 선행 연구를 살펴보았다. 그리고 2장에서는 보조동사 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’에 대한 국어학적 선행 연구를 바탕으로 교수·학습의 내용을 파악하고 세 보조동사의 의미·기능을 비교하여 이들 보조동사의 유사점과 차이점을 확인하였다. 3장에서는 4종의 한국어 교재를 분석하여 이들 보조동사의 교수·학습 내용과 방법을 간접적으로 알아보고 2장에서 확인한 내용과 비교 분석하였다. 분석 대상 교재들은 전반적으로 세 보조동사의 유사점과 차이점에 대한 비교와 연습 문제가 미흡하였고 선어말어미 ‘-겠-’이 결합된 ‘의지/결심’ 및 ‘추측’에 관련된 내용은 거의 포함하고 있지 않았다. 또한 보조동사가 동사와 결합한다는 선행 용언에 관한 설명 이외의 통사적 제약에 관한 내용은 거의 포함되어 있지 않았다. 4장에서는 3장의 교재 분석 내용과 2장의 보조동사 별 의미·기능 및 통사적 특징의 내용을 비교한 결과에 차이가 있음을 확인하였고 이를 근거로 학습자의 인식과 습득 양상을 예측한 후에 중·고급 수준의 다국적 학습자 52명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문 조사 결과 학습자들은 보조동사 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’를 학습해서 알고 있다는 응답률은 높았지만 실제 습득률은 그에 미치지 못했다. 습득률 분석을 통해 학습자들은 세 보조동사의 ‘완료’ 의미를 비교적 잘 습득하고 있지만 보조동사들 간의 차이점과 유사점을 구분하는 것에 어려움이 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 교재에서 별도로 다루고 있지 않는 통사적 제약에 관한 습득률도 낮게 나왔는데 이는 교재에서의 보조동사 학습 내용이 학습자들의 실제 습득에도 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 5장에서는 4장의 학습자 인식과 습득 양상 분석 결과를 바탕으로 이들 보조동사의 교수·학습 방안을 제시하였다. 학습자들의 세 보조동사에 대한 인식률과 습득률에는 차이가 있었는데 이는 해당 문법 항목의 입력이 효과적으로 이루어지지 못했기 때문으로 분석했다. 그래서 입력 중심의 형태 초점 교수 기법인 입력 처리를 통하여 학습자 내재화를 촉진시켜서 산출을 향상시키는 방안으로 PPP 모형의 제시 단계를 처리 교수로 바꾸는 교수·학습 방안을 제안했다. 처리 교수의 입력 처리는 학습자가 입력을 잘못 처리하지 않도록 구조화된 입력 활동을 제공하여 학습자가 입력된 자료를 내재화하는 것을 돕는 것이다. 이 입력 처리는 명시적 설명과 지시적 활동 및 정의적 활동으로 이루어진다. 본고에서는 ‘내다’의 교수·학습 방안과 유사 기능 보조동사의 비교 교수·학습 방안으로 ‘버리다’와 ‘말다’를 입력 처리 기법에 근거하여 제시하였다. 마지막으로 6장에서는 본 연구의 내용을 정리하고 평가하였다. 본고에서는 완료상 보조동사 ‘버리다’, ‘말다’, ‘내다’의 유사점과 차이점을 비교하고 학습자 인식률과 습득률 분석을 바탕으로 입력 중심의 교수·학습 방안을 제안하였다. 그러나 제안한 입력 처리를 기반으로 한 교수·학습 방안을 실제적으로 적용하여 그 결과를 검증하지 못한 한계가 있어 추후의 과제로 남겨 놓았다. The aim of this study is to suggest effective teaching and learning methods of Korean perfect aspect auxiliary verbs with similar communication functions, which are beorida, malda and neda by comparing the similarities and differences of the verbs in terms of aspect and modality. Korean auxiliary verbs are related to the grammatical categories such as tense and aspect, passive and causative, negation, and modality. Beorida, malda and neda, which are the topic of the study, are related to the grammatical category of perfect aspect and used to express various modality in meaning. According to previous studies, Korean learners have a tendency to use a small number of auxiliary verbs that they learned at the beginner level while they avoid using auxiliary verbs at the high level. However, when learners study Korean for academic or vocational purposes, they should be able to understand and use the auxiliary verbs which are used to express subtle differences in meaning as Korean native speakers do. Beorida, malda and neda are frequently used auxiliary verbs with the common meaning of completion or ending, and based on this meaning, they express several modality meanings. Both beorida and malda can be used when expressing regret for the result of any completed action. Beorida also has modality meaning of burden elimination or relief, which is opposite to regret. In this case, malda can not replace beorida. The basic meaning of neda is accomplishment which is the result of the subject's effort. Like beorida and malda, neda expresses completion but it can not replace beorida and malda due to the result of completed action . In addition, these auxiliary verbs can be combined with prefinal ending ‘-get-’ to express the first person subject's will or determination and the speaker's guess. When they express the subject's will or determination, neda and malda can be used interchangeably since they express determination to achieve something. However, beorida is not replaceable in this case because beorida expresses speaker's attitude that if he/she decides to do something, he/she can easily achieve it. In case of guessing expression, beorida and malda are replaceable and neda is more suitable for guessing of achievement. The syntactic characteristics of these auxiliary verbs are related to their aspect and modality meanings. Beorida and malda express both the subject and the speaker 's psychological attitude, so the syntactic restriction is relatively low, but neda which expresses the psychological attitude of the subject is more restrictive. For beorida and malda, most verbs can be used with them and there is no restriction on the subject. However, only transitive verbs expressing the subject's will can be used before neda. Likewise, only animate nouns that can express their will can be used as subject. Neda has no restriction on the formation of sentence type or negative sentence, but malda has restrictions on the formation of imperative and propositive sentence, and long-form negative sentence. Beorida can not form -ji malda negation, and these auxiliary verbs directly combine with prefinal endings. In conclusion, these auxiliary verbs express similar and different meanings from other auxiliary verbs, so it is likely that teachers and learners have difficulty in teaching and learning. Moreover, Korean pedagogical research through functional comparison of these three auxiliary verbs have not been conducted enough for actual education. Chapter 1 presents the necessity and aims of this study and research method. Previous studies in Korean language education and Korean education field are also examined. Chapter 2 contains the contents of teaching and learning on the basis of previous Korean language research on the auxiliary verbs beorida, malda, and neda and compares the meaning and function of the auxiliary verbs, which have similarities and differences. In chapter 3, an analysis of 4 kinds of Korean language textbooks was made and compared in terms of functions and syntactic characteristics of these auxiliary verbs which were summarized in chapter 2. The textbooks generally lack comparisons of similarities and differences of the auxiliary verbs, and they rarely include contents related to subject's will or determination. In addition, there is little information about the syntactic constraints. In chapter 4, a survey on how Korean learners perceive and use the auxiliary verbs and how learners acquire was conducted and the results were analyzed. According to the survey, the learners relatively well acquired the meaning of completion but found it difficult to distinguish between differences and similarities of the auxiliary verbs. In addition, the rate of acquisition of syntactic constraints that are not handled separately in the textbooks was also low, indicating that learning contents in the textbook also affected the learners' actual learning. In chapter 5, a teaching and learning method of the auxiliary verbs was suggested on the basis of the results of the survey. There was some gap in the learners' perception rate and the acquisition rate. Thus, the method based on focus-on-form instructions includes input processing which helps to enhance learner's internalization of the target grammar and decrease the gap. The method adopted PPP model and changed the presentation stage of PPP model into input processing stage. The input processing is to help the learner to internalize the input data by providing the structured input activity. Finally, chapter 6 summarizes and evaluates this study. In this paper, the similarities and differences of the auxiliary verbs were compared and teaching and learning methods based on analysis of learners' perception rate and acquisition rate were suggested. However, there is a limitation in verifying the results of applying the teaching and learning method adopting input processing, which is left as a future task.

알츠하이머병 진단을 위한 혈장 아밀로이드 베타(amyloid-β)의 유용성 분석

조선영 경희대학교 대학원 2009 국내석사

배경: 알츠하이머병(Alzheimer disease, 이하 AD)은 치매를 일으키는 가장 흔한 원인이다. AD의 신경병리적 특징은 Aβ 단백질을 주요 구성 성분으로 하는 세포 외의 노인반(senile plaque)과 과인산화 타우(hyperphosphorylated tau) 단백질로 이루어진 신경세포 내 응집체인 신경섬유농축(neuro-fibrillary tangle, NFT)이다. 정확한 진단을 위해서는 뇌 조직의 노인반에 침착 되어 있는 Aβ와 신경섬유농축 내의 타우를 확인하는 것이 가장 좋으나 이는 주로 사후 부검을 통해 이루어지는 방법으로 한계가 있다. 그러므로 AD가 발병하기 전에 이를 조기 진단하고 예방하기 위해서는 뇌조직이 아닌 뇌척수액이나 혈액에서 검출 가능한 biomarker가 필요하다. 본 연구는 AD를 포함한 다양한 형태의 치매에서 아밀로이드 대사물질이 되는 아밀로이드 베타 40(Aβ40)과 42(Aβ42)가 어떤 양상을 보이는지 알아보고 인지기능 저하 또는 AD의 진단에 유용한지 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 7월부터 2008년 5월까지 기억력 감퇴를 주소로 내원한 80명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 내원시 간이정신상태검사(mini-mental state examination, MMSE)와 아포지방단백 E 유전자다형성 검사를 시행하였다. 혈장에서의 Aβ40, Aβ42 단백은 Human Amyloid beta Assay Kit (Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Takasaki-shi, Japan)를 사용하여 효소면역측정법으로 측정하였다. 동시에 혈청의 지방과 지단백 등의 생화학 검사도 시행하여 연관성을 분석하였으며 환자의 상태는 진료기록부 검토를 통하여 확인하였다. 결과: 환자의 평균 연령은 66.0세, 남녀 비는 1:3이었다. 환자들은 MMSE 결과에 따라 AD(N=20), 혈관치매(vascular dementia, VD, N=6), 경도의 인지기능장애(minor cognitive impairment, MCI, N=20), 주관적 인지기능장애 (subjective cognitive impairment, SCI, N=14명)의 네 질병군과 하나의 정상대조군(normal cognitive function, N=20)으로 분류하였다. MMSE 점수는 나이와 역상관 관계를 나타내어 나이에 따라 인지기능이 감소하는 양상을 보였다(r=-0.4302, P=0.0001). 환자 나이는 AD군이 71.3세, 혈관 치매군이 72.2세로 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(P=0.001). 5 군간 Aβ40과 Aβ42 평균값과 비는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 Aβ40과 Aβ42가 정상대조군에서 4개의 질병군보다 높은 값을 나타내는 경향은 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 Aβ42의 평균값은 4개의 질병군을 합친 전체 질병군(6.46 pg/ml)과 정상군(10.63 pg/ml) 사이에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P=0.029). Aβ42의 cut-off를 4.92 pg/mL로 하였을 때 민감도는 50%, 특이도는 100%로 나타났다(양성 예측도; 100%, 음성 예측도; 66.7%, P=0.003). 아포지방단백 E ε4 대립유전자를 가지고 있는 환자들과 가지고 있지 않은 환자들 사이의 AD에 대한 교차비는 2.14였다. 결론: 혈장 Aβ42 수치는 정상군에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며 또한 정상대조군과 AD군 사이에서 높은 특이도를 나타내었으므로 Aβ42 수치는 정상 인지기능을 가진 환자를 확인하는 지표로서 의의를 보인다고 생각된다. 앞으로 뇌척수액에서의 수치변화와 더 많은 정상인의 Aβ42에 대한 연구가 시행되어 정상인지기능의 예측인자로의 유용성을 확인 후 AD의 진단 시 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of the late-life dementia. AD is characterized by synaptic and neuronal loss, amyloid beta (Aβ) protein deposition and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, evaluating Aβ in CSF or blood is reasonable approach for investigation of AD. This study is aimed at evaluating plasma Aβ40, Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in AD patient and analyzing the utility of Aβ in discrimination of cognitive impairment. Patients and Methods: A total 80 patients with complains of memory decline were included in this study in East-West Neo Medical Center, teaching hospital in Seoul, Korea from July, 2007 to May 2008. Patients had mini-mental state examination (MMSE), apolipoprotein E genotyping and lipid profile tests. Plasma Aβ measures were made using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method with Human Amyloid beta Assay Kit (Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Takasaki-shi, Japan). Results: Mean age of total patients was 66.0 and male vs female ratio was 1:3. Patients were divided into 5 groups (AD, vascular dementia (VD), minor cognitive impairment (MCI), subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) and normal cognitive function (control) group) according to MMSE scores. Mean ages were significantly high in AD and vascular dementia (71.3 years and 72.2 years, respectively. P=0.001). The MMSE score is inversely correlated with age (r=-0.4302, P=0.0001). Normal cognitive function group showed significantly increased Aβ42 than total disease group (AD+VD+MCI+SCI, P=0.029). Sensitivity of Aβ42 was 50% and specificity of Aβ42 was 100% when it distinguish AD from normal cognitive function group (criterion; <4.92 pg/mL, positive predictive value=100%, negative predictive value=66.7%. P=0.0003). Odds ratio of AD by apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status was 2.14. Conclusion: Plasma Aβ42 level was significantly increased in normal cognitive function group and showed high specificity between AD patient and normal cognitive function group. Therefore, after evaluating the utility of Aβ42 for normal cognitive function in CSF and plasma of normal populations, Aβ42 could be used to discriminate subjects of normal cognitive function from AD patient.

골프 생활체육 참여정도에 따른 만족도에 관한 연구

조선영 목포대학교 교육대학원 2009 국내석사

This study grasps and analyzes relation of satisfaction by participation degree to golf participant as research about relation of satisfaction, utilization satisfaction leisure by golf life physical education participant's participation degree and provides a fundamental data to life physical education development and activation. Golf life physical education participant's leisure through this can take part in more wholesome life physical education golf and is purposeful to supply foundation in home happiness developing by health, happiness and satisfied life. The object person of study established man, woman of golf life physical education participant of golf practice range total 5 places (Mokpo golf practice range, Samchang golf practice range, Namdo golf practice range, Taewon golf practice range, Pyeonghwa golf practice range) which are located in Mokpo area of Chollanamdo by population, the sampling of the investigation object enforces Random Sampling Method, data of 500 people is used in last analysis with 361 adult men and139 women. The tool that is used by studying composed with the total 41question items with 7question items statistics of population of the investigation object person, the golf participation degree 9question items, leisure satisfaction 21question items and utilization satisfaction 4question items as questionnaire. The investigation procedure does to respond by own estimation recording method after distribute questionnaire to the object person, finished questionnaire reclaims justly, response content is insincere or data 500 copies which analysis except amiss questionnaire 20copies is possible computer statistical program SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0 statistical package, produced result according to analysis and research purpose, used statistical analysis enforced Frequency Analysis, Chi-Square Analysis, One-way Anova and Scheffe's Test, level of statistical existence did to p <.05 levels. As a result, conclusion that verifies hypothesis as following. First, "The difference of golf participation period that analyze type crossing of participation period by population statistics special quality shows a similar difference to sex, age, attainments in scholarship, monthly income, profession, practice range scale, shows a similar difference to age, monthly income, profession, practice range scale in golf participation frequency difference, shows a similar difference to age , monthly income, profession, health degree, practice range scale in golf participation time difference, shows a similar difference to sex, age, monthly income, profession, health degree, practice range scale in golf handy difference, shows a similar difference to sex, age, monthly income, profession, practice range scale in golf month field participation difference, shows a similar difference to age, profession, health degree, practice range scale in golf participation motive difference, shows a similar difference to sex, age, monthly income, profession in golf participation solicitor difference , shows a similar difference to age, monthly income, health degree, practice ranges cale in golf exercise strength difference, and shows a similar difference to age, profession, health degree, practice ranges scale in golf program satisfaction difference. Second, "The difference of age leisure satisfaction that analyze variance of leisure satisfaction by population sociological special quality shows a similar difference to psychological, physiological, environmental, total leisure about satisfaction factor in leisure satisfaction difference ,shows a similar difference to educational, social, total leisure about satisfaction factor in attainments in scholarship difference, shows a similar difference to educational, social, total leisure about satisfaction factor appeared in monthly income difference, shows a similar difference to educational, psychological, social, environmental, total leisure about satisfaction factor in profession difference, shows a similar difference to educational, psychological, sum leisure about satisfaction factor in health degree difference and shows a similar difference to educational, physiological, environmental, total leisure about satisfaction factor in practice range scale difference. Third, "The difference of age utilization satisfaction that analyze variance of utilization satisfaction by population sociological special quality shows a similar difference, in health degree difference and in practice range scale difference. Fourth, " The difference of participation frequency leisure satisfaction different that analyze variance of leisure satisfaction different by golf participation degree shows a similar difference to physiological, environmental satisfaction factor, shows a similar difference to environmental in participation time satisfaction difference, shows a similar difference to educational satisfaction factor, in handy satisfaction difference, shows a similar difference to educational, social, total leisure satisfaction factor in field participation number of time leisure satisfaction difference, shows a similar difference to physiological satisfaction factor in participation motive leisure satisfaction difference, shows a similar difference to psychological, physiological, social, environmental, total leisure satisfaction factor in participation solicitor satisfaction difference, shows a similar difference to educational, psychological, physiological, social, environmental total leisure satisfaction factor in exercise strength leisure satisfaction difference and shows a similar difference to educational, psychological, physiological, social, environmental, total leisure satisfaction factor in program satisfaction leisure satisfaction difference. Fifth, "The difference of participation period utilization satisfaction difference that analyze variance of utilization satisfaction difference by golf participation degree shows a similar difference, does in field participation number of times difference, does in participation solicitor difference and does in program satisfaction difference. 본 연구는 골프 생활체육 참가자의 참여정도에 따른 여가만족도, 이용 만족도의 관계에 대한 연구로써 골프 참여자를 대상으로 참여 정도에 따른 만족도의 관계를 파악하고 분석하여 생활체육을 발전 및 활성화에 기여하며, 이를 통해 골프 생활체육 참가자의 여가를 보다 건전한 생활체육 골프에 참여할 수 있도록 하여 건강과 행복 그리고 만족한 삶으로 발전함으로써 가정의 행복에 기초를 제공하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구의 대상자는 전남 목포지역에 소재한 골프연습장 총 5곳(목포 골프연습장, 삼창 골프연습장, 남도 골프연습장, 태원 골프연습장, 평화 골프연습장)의 골프 생활체육 참가자의 남, 여를 모집단으로 설정하였으며, 조사대상의 표집은 무선 표집법(ramdom sampling method)을 실시하여, 최종 분석에 사용된 자료는 성인 남자 361명, 여자 139명으로 총 500명의 자료가 사용되었다. 연구에서 사용한 도구는 설문지로서 조사 대상자의 인구통계학적 특성 7문항, 골프 참여정도 9문항, 여가 만족도 21문항, 이용 만족도 4문항으로 총 41문항으로 구성하였다. 조사절차는 설문지를 대상자에게 배포한 다음 자기평가 기입법으로 응답하도록 하고 완성된 설문지는 바로 회수하여 응답 내용이 불성실하거나 적합하지 않은 설문지 20부를 제외한 분석이 가능한 자료 500부를 컴퓨터 통계 프로그램 SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0 통계 패키지를 사용하여 분석, 연구목적에 따라 결과를 산출하였으며 사용된 통계 분석으로는 빈도분석(Frequency Analysisi), 교차분석(Chi-Square Analysis), 일원변량분석(One-way Anova)과 사후검증(Scheffe's Test)을 실시하였으며, 통계적 유의수준은 p<.05 수준으로 하였다. 그 결과 가설을 검증한 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, “인구 통계학적 특성에 따른 골프 참여에 차이를 분석한 결과 골프 참여기간에는 2년 미만 46.4%로 가장 높고 성별 연령별 학력별 월수입 직업별 연습장규모별에서, 골프 참여빈도에는 주3~5일 55.4%로 가장 높고 연령별 월수입 직업별 연습장규모별에서, 골프 참여시간에는 2~3시간이 81.4% 가장 높고 연령별 월수입 직업별 건강정도 연습장규모별에서, 골프핸디에는 95~100이상이 50.6% 가장 높고 성별 연령별 월수입 직업별 건강정도 연습장규모별에서, 월 필드 참여에는 월 1회이하가 45%로 가장 높고 성별 연령별 월수입 직업별 연습장규모별에서, 참여 동기에는 건강·체력증진 45.6% 가장 높고 연령별 직업별 건강정도 연습장규모별에서, 참여권유자에는 친구나 이웃이 47.2% 가장 높고 성별 연령별 월수입 직업별에서, 운동 강도에는 적당하다 59.4% 가장 높고 연령별 월수입 직업별 건강정도 연습장규모별에서, 골프 프로그램 만족도에는 만족 53% 가장 높고 연령별 직업별 건강정도 연습장 규모별에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 둘째, “인구 사회학적 특성에 따른 여가만족도를 변량 분석한 결과 연령별에는 60세 이상이 가장 높게 나타났으며 심리적 생리적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서, 학력별에는 중졸이하가 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 사회적 합 여가만족요인에서, 월수입에는 450만원 이상이 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 사회적 합 여가만족요인에서, 직업별에는 경영/관리직 무직이 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 심리적 사회적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서, 건강정도에는 허약하다가 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 심리적 합 여가만족요인에서, 연습장 규모별에는 소규모가 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 생리적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, “인구 사회학적 특성에 따른 이용만족도의 변량 분석한 결과 연령별에서는 60세 이상이 가장 높게 나타났고, 건강 정도에서는 건강하다 가장 높게 나타났으며, 연습장규모별에서는 소규모 가장 높게 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, “골프 참여정도에 따른 여가만족도 차이를 변량 분석한 결과 참여빈도별에서는 주1~2일 가장 높게 나타났고 생리적 환경적 만족요인에서, 참여시간별에서는 4~5시간미만이 가장 높게 나타났고 환경적 만족요인에서, 핸디별에서는 85미만이 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 만족요인에서, 필드참여 횟수별에서는 주 4회 이상이 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 사회적 합 여가만족요인에서, 참여 동기별에서는 골프의 관심이 가장 높게 나타났고 생리적 만족요인에서, 참여권유자별에서는 본인의 의사가 가장 높게 나타났고 심리적 생리적 사회적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서, 운동 강도별에서는 아주 높다가 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 심리적 생리적 사회적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서, 프로그램 만족도별에서는 매우 만족이 가장 높게 나타났고 교육적 심리적 생리적 사회적 환경적 합 여가만족요인에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 다섯째, “골프 참여정도에 따른 이용만족도 차이를 변량 분석한 결과 참여기간별에서는 1년 미만이 가장 높게 나타났고, 필드참여 횟수에서는 주 4회 이상이 가장 높게 나타났고, 참여권유자에서는 기타 가장 높게 나타났고, 프로그램 만족도에서는 아주 높다 가장 높게 나타나 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다.