성격특성과 셀프리더십의 관계에 관한 연구 = (A) study on the relationships between personality characteristics and self-leadership

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study was attempted to contribute theoretical expansion and practical applications of self-leadership through empirically testing the relationship between personality characteristics and self-leadership. For this purpose, on the basis of the deeper understanding of the relevant prior literatures, research models and nine hypothesis were suggested.
The research hypothesis was as follows: personality characteristics(big5 model, locus of control, self-esteem) have effects on self-leadership(behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies) and self-efficacy, self-leadership(behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies) have effects on self-efficacy, and self-leadership have mediating effects on the relationship between personality characteristics and self-efficacy.
To test hypotheses, a survey was conducted for employees of seven banks and four insurance companies in Ulsan. The survey questionnaires were sent to 400 people and 358 of them were returned(response rate; 89.5%). This data was used final analysis. Frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, chi-square-independence test, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, three-step mediated regression analysis has been used with SPSS 12.0 to examine the relationship among the measured concepts.
The findings of this study are as follow: Personality characteristics(big5 model, locus of control, self-esteem) positively effect on self-leadership(behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies) and self-efficacy, except on the relationship between emotion stability and natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern. In addition, self-leadership(behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, constructive thought pattern strategies) mediated the relationship between personality characteristics(big5 model, locus of control, self-esteem) and self-efficacy, except on the relationship between emotion stability and natural reward strategies.
In these findings, the theoretical explanations and practical implications are as follow: This study is proved to member's personality characteristics is a significant factor in effective self-leadership, and proposed to the integrated model of trait and behavioral leadership theories. In particular, this study is tested empirically on the conceptual study of Williams(1977) to identify the personality factors that are most likely to moderate self-leadership effectiveness. Furthermore, this study is first tested mediation effect of the self-leadership on the relationship between personality characteristics. Finally, personality characteristics will be positively associated more effective self-leadership training, matching a person with a job or with an organizations should be considered.
This study suggests several future directions that researchers can undertake to advance self-leadership theory. Future researcher should find various personality variable influence self-leadership. Future self-leadership research should also strive to investigate empirically the relationship between self-leadership and the various early and interim outcome variable influence in organization effectiveness.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 구성원의 성격특성과 셀프리더십의 관계에 관한 실증적 검증을 통해 셀프리더십의 이론적 확장과 실제적 적용에 기여하기 위해 시도되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 선행연구에 대한 심도 깊은 이해를 바탕으로 연구의 필요성과 변수들 간의 인과관계를 추론 한 후, 이를 바탕으로 구성원의 셀프리더십에 영향을 미치는 내재적 동기부여 요인으로 Big5 모델, 통제위치, 자긍심을 제안하고, 이들 변수가 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원인 행동지향, 자연보상, 건설적 사고에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 또한 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원과 Big5 모델, 통제위치, 자긍심이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, Big5 모델, 통제위치, 자긍심이 자기효능감에 영향을 미침에 있어서 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원이 매개역할을 하는지를 검증하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 위해 도출된 연구모형과 가설 사이의 관계를 검증하기 위하여 울산광역시 소재 7개 은행 직원과 4개 생명보험회사에 소속되어 보험모집에 종사하고 있는 보험설계사를 대상으로 설문지를 수집하였다. 설문조사는 2010년 7월 5일에서 2010년 7월 30일까지 약 1개월에 걸쳐 진행되었으며 총 400부를 배포하여 최종적으로 358부의 설문자료를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계패키지를 통해 분석하여 가설을 검증하였으며, 통계기법으로는 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석, 카이제곱검증, 다중회귀분석, 3단계 매개회귀분석 등을 사용하였다.본 연구결과는 다음과 같다.
먼저, Big5 모델, 통제위치, 자긍심과 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원과의 관계를 검증한 결과 정서적 안정의 경우, 행동지향에는 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 자연보상과 건설적 사고에는 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 제외한 나머지 성격변수는 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위 차원 모두에 대해 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원, Big5 모델, 통제위치, 자긍심과 자기효능감의 관계를 검증한 결과 모든 관련 변수들이 자기효능감에 대해 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.다음으로, Big5 모델과 자기효능감의 관계에 있어서, 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 외향성, 호감성, 성실성, 개방성이 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위 차원 모두가 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으나 정서적 안정의 경우, 셀프리더십의 하위차원 중 행동지향과 건설적 사고는 완전매개역할이 검증되었으나, 자연보상은 매개역할이 검증되지 않았다. 또한 통제위치, 자긍심과 자기효능감의 관계에 있어서, 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 통제위치, 자긍심이 자기효능감에 영향을 미치는데 있어서 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위 차원 모두가 부분매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다.
본 연구의 학문적 시사점에 대해 살펴보면 다음과 같다.
개인의 성격 특성이 셀프리더십의 효과성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인임이 입증되었으며, 셀프리더십 이론에 대해, 특성과 행동을 포괄하는 전체적인 설명모형을 제시하였다. 또한, Willams(1997)가 제시한 셀프리더십과 성격과의 관계에 대한 개념적 연구를 실증적으로 검증하였으며, 셀프리더십과 자기효능감의 관계에 대한 연구결과의 축적과 관계 관련 주장의 일반화, 성격과 자기효능감의 긍정적 관계를 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러, 셀프리더십의 세 차원을 개별적으로 분석함으로써 각 차원과 관련변수들 간의 관계를 세부적으로 파악할 수 있었으며, 성격특성과 자기효능감 간의 관계에 있어서, 셀프리더십의 세 가지 하위차원의 매개효과를 최초로 검증하였다.
본 연구의 실무적 시사점에 대해 살펴보면 다음과 같다.
효과적인 셀프리더의 육성을 위한 다양한 접근과 방안들에 개인차를 접목시킴으로써 보다 효과적인 셀프리더의 육성에 기여할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 성격특성이 셀프리더십 뿐만 아니라 자기효능감에도 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타남으로써, 우수인재 선발 및 기존 직원의 배치ㆍ전환 시에 구성원의 성격과 직무와의 적합성을 고려함으로써 조직의 효과성을 배가시킬 수 있을 것이다. 후속연구를 위해 제언하자면, 미래 연구는 본 연구에서 다루었던 성격변수를 비롯한, 보다 다양한 변수들을 고려함으로써, 심층적이고 일반화된 연구결과를 도출해야 할 것이다. 또한, 본 연구는 주로 성격과 셀프리더십의 관계에 초점을 두고 진행하였으나, 이에 덧붙여 관련 성과변수들 간의 관계를 함께 고려하여, 성격과 셀프리더십의 관계가 조직유효성에 미치는 영향관계를 총체적으로 분석할 필요성이 있다. 이러한 노력과 그로부터의 발견을 통하여 향후, 셀프리더십이론의 발전을 도모할 수 있을 것이다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 1
• 1.1 연구의 필요성과 전개방향 1
• 1.2 연구의 목적 6
• 1.3 연구의 방법과 구성 6
• 제2장 이론적 배경 8
• 2.1 셀프리더십 8
• 2.1.1 셀프리더십의 등장배경 및 의의 8
• 2.1.2 셀프리더십의 정의 및 구성요소 9
• 2.1.3 셀프리더십의 이론적 배경 15
• 2.1.4 셀프리더십의 선행연구 21
• 2.1.5 셀프리더십이론의 비판 및 향후 연구과제 28
• 2.2 성격 29
• 2.2.1 BIG5 모델 32
• 2.2.2 통제위치 35
• 2.2.3 자긍심 39
• 2.2.4 셀프리더십과 성격에 관한 선행연구 42
• 2.3 자기효능감 43
• 2.3.1 자기효능감의 개념 43
• 2.3.2 자기효능감의 선행연구 45
• 제3장 연구의 설계 47
• 3.1 연구모형 47
• 3.2 연구가설 48
• 3.2.1 BIG5 모델과 셀프리더십 48
• 3.2.2 통제위치와 셀프리더십 52
• 3.2.3 자긍심과 셀프리더십 53
• 3.2.4 셀프리더십과 자기효능감 54
• 3.2.5 BIG5 모델과 자기효능감 55
• 3.2.6 통제위치와 자기효능감 56
• 3.2.7 자긍심과 자기효능감 58
• 3.2.8 성격과 자기효능감 간의 관계에 있어서 셀프리더십의 매개효과 59
• 3.3 변수의 조작적 정의 및 측정도구 61
• 3.3.1 셀프리더십 61
• 3.3.2 BIG5 모델 61
• 3.3.3 통제위치 63
• 3.3.4 자긍심 63
• 3.3.5 자기효능감 64
• 3.3.6 인구통계학적 특성 64
• 3.4 조사 및 방법 64
• 3.4.1 설문의 구성 64
• 3.4.2 자료수집 및 분석방법 65
• 제4장 실증분석 67
• 4.1 기초통계 분석 67
• 4.2 신뢰성 및 타당성 분석 70
• 4.2.1 성격변수의 타당성 및 신뢰도 분석 70
• 4.2.2 셀프리더십과 자기효능감의 타당성 및 신뢰도 분석 72
• 4.3 변수 간 상관관계 분석 74
• 4.4 가설검증 및 논의 76
• 4.4.1 가설 1; Big5 모델과 셀프리더십 76
• 4.4.2 가설 2; 내재적 통제위치와 셀프리더십 82
• 4.4.3 가설 3; 자긍심과 셀프리더십 84
• 4.4.4 가설 4; 셀프리더십과 자기효능감 85
• 4.4.5 가설 5; Big5 모델과 자기효능감 86
• 4.4.6 가설 6; 통제위치와 자기효능감 88
• 4.4.7 가설 7; 자긍심과 자기효능감 89
• 4.4.8 가설 8; Big5 모델과 자기효능감의 관계에 있어서 셀프리더십의 매개효과 90
• 4.4.9 가설 9; 통제위치와 자기효능감의 관계에 있어서 셀프리더십의 매개효과 96
• 4.4.10 가설 10; 자긍심과 자기효능감의 관계에 있어서 셀프리더십의 매개효과 97
• 4.4.11 매개효과 분석 99
• 4.5 가설검증 결과의 요약 102
• 제5장 결론 104
• 5.1 연구결과의 요약 및 해석 104
• 5.2 연구의 시사점 106
• 5.2.1 학문적 시사점 106
• 5.2.2 실무적 시사점 109
• 5.3 연구의 한계 및 향후 과제 109
• 참고문헌 111
• 설문지 126
• Abstract 131

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