기업이 경쟁우위를 획득하고 유지하기 위해서 새로운 지식을 창출 및 이전하기 위한 지식경영 활동은 지난 수년간 폭넓고 빠른 속도로 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 평가, 보상 등의 다양한 선행...

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https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T10312446
서울 : 이화여자대학교 대학원, 2006
학위논문(박사) -- 이화여자대학교 대학원 , 경영학과 , 2006. 2. 졸업
2006
한국어
서울
xi, 179 p. : 삽도.
참고문헌: p. 143-167
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상세조회0
다운로드기업이 경쟁우위를 획득하고 유지하기 위해서 새로운 지식을 창출 및 이전하기 위한 지식경영 활동은 지난 수년간 폭넓고 빠른 속도로 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 평가, 보상 등의 다양한 선행...
기업이 경쟁우위를 획득하고 유지하기 위해서 새로운 지식을 창출 및 이전하기 위한 지식경영 활동은 지난 수년간 폭넓고 빠른 속도로 진행되어 왔다. 그러나 평가, 보상 등의 다양한 선행기제에도 불구하고 많은 기업들이 실제 지식경영을 성공적으로 수행하지 못하여 왔다(Ambrosio, 2000). 또한 지식이전에 관한 기존의 연구들에서는 일반적으로 지식의 특성이나 개인간의 신뢰, 공유문화, 사회적 배경, 보상체제, 전수자와 수혜자의 특성 등을 그 영향요인으로 제시하였다. 그러나 이러한 대부분의 연구들은 현상적으로 관찰되는 요인들만을 단편적으로 제시하고 있음으로써 실제 그러한 현상을 발생시킨 근본적인 인과관계를 밝히지 못하였다.
따라서 본 연구에서는 조직에서 지식이전이라는 현상을 두 가지 관점에서 파악하고자 한다. 그 하나는 지식이전은 행위의 주체가 전수자와 수혜자이며, 이들간의 관계에 의해서 발생하는 것이기 때문에 그 출발점을 양자간의 관계성을 인식하는데서 부터 찾고자 하였으며, 두 번째는 행위의 대상이 표면적으로 확연하게 드러나지 않는 ‘지식’이라는데 있기 때문에 개인의 심리학적 속성으로부터 지식과 관련된 현상을 파악하고자 한 것이다. 지식은 상당부분 가시적인 형태로 객관화하는 것이 불가능한 암묵지(tacit knowledge)의 상태로 존재하기 때문에 수혜자의 입장에서는 전수자의 지식상태를 명확하게 알 수가 없으며, 따라서 이전 받은 지식에 대한 객관적인 평가를 내린다는 것이 쉽지 않다. 또한 전수자는 자신의 의지에 따라 자신이 보유하고 있는 지식의 상태를 실제 존재하는 것과는 다르게 표현하고 이전할 수 있기 때문에 전수자가 어떠한 심리적 상태에서 어떠한 의도를 가지고 지식을 이전하는가에 따라서 지식이전의 결과가 상이하게 달라질 수 있다. 즉, 지식이전 행위는 전수자와 수혜자라는 양자간에 발생하는 관계이긴 하지만 상호간의 평등한 관계라기 보다는 대부분의 경우 전수자에 의해 이전되는 지식의 양과 질이 조절되는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 조직에서는 특히 전수자의 의도를 정확히 파악하고, 이를 근거로 장기적인 안목에서 지식이전 전략을 수립하는 것이 바람직하며, 이를 위해서는 개인의 행위를 결정짓는데 영향을 미칠 수 있는 개인의 다양한 심리적인 변수에 초점을 맞추어 접근할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 전수자가 지각하는 수혜자와의 관계성, 즉 우리의식이라는 주요한 변수를 중심으로 지식이전 윤리성, 자기이익, 단순감정 및 관계감정과 지식이전의 관계를 규명하고자 하였으며 본 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 과연 개인의 다양한 심리적인 특성이 지식이전에 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 특히 전수자가 수혜자와의 관계를 어떻게 인식하는가에 따라서 지식이전의 정도가 달라지는가? 셋째, 지식의 속성상 이전되는 행위 자체에 윤리적인 문제가 결부될 경우, 윤리적 딜레마에 직면한 개인의 지식이전에는 어떠한 변수들이 영향을 미치며, 그 관계는 어떻게 연계되는가?
본 연구는 이러한 연구 문제에 답하기 위해 현재 KMS가 도입되어 비교적 지식경영을 잘 수행하고 있는 기업 중 정보통신부, 문화관광부, 서울시청, 경찰청 등의 공공기관과 삼성, LG, 현대, SK, 한화 등의 대기업을 중심으로 9개 업종의 총 81개 기업을 대상으로 총 573부의 데이터를 수집하였으며, 이 중에서 이상치를 제외한 537개의 자료를 분석에 이용하였다. 자료의 분석을 위해서는 SPSS 12.0과 AMOS 5.0을 이용해 기초통계 분석과 가설검증을 하였다. 분석 결과 신뢰도와 타당도가 입증되었으며, 다중공선성의 위험이 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 구조방정식 분석의 2단계 접근법에 따라 확인적 요인 분석과 가설검증을 하였고, 모형의 적합도를 높이기 위해 Item Parceling을 실시하였으며 그 결과 최종 모형의 적합도는 TLI=0.938, CFI=0.943, RMSEA=0.050으로 높게 나타났다.
분석결과를 보면 먼저 우리의식, 지식이전 윤리성, 자기이익, 관계감정이 지식이전에 미치는 영향은 정(+)의 방향으로 유의하게 나타난 반면(가설 1,2,3,5 채택) 단순감정이 지시이전에 미치는 영향은 기각되었다(가설 4 기각). 관계감정에 비해서 단순감정이 기각된 것은 본 연구의 결과에서 업무관련 지식이 386건(67.4%)으로 비 업무상의 개인적인 지식 187건(32.6%)의 2배 정도인 것에 비추어 볼 때, 이는 조직구성원들이 의사결정을 할 때 객관적인 것과 주관적인 것을 명확히 구분할 줄 아는 합리적 사고체계가 그 근간을 이루기 때문이라고 해석할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 결과와 같은 맥락에서 볼 때 관계감정이 단순감정보다 지식이전에 미치는 영향력이 클 것이라는 가설 6이 지지된 것도 설명이 가능하다.
다음으로 조절변수의 상호작용 효과 분석결과, 모형의 적합도는 TLI=0.902, CFI=0.925, RMSEA=0.071로 전반적으로 적합한 것으로 나타났으며 가설검증 결과는 우리의식이 지식이전 윤리성, 자기이익, 관계감정과 지식이전 간의 정(+)적인 관계를 약화(-)시키는 조절효과가 존재하는 것으로 나타났으며 따라서 가설 2-1, 3-1, 5-1은 채택되었다. 이러한 분석결과는 조직구성원들이 지식이전을 할 때 한국적 특수-친밀관계와 같은 우리의식이 형성된 관계에 있어서는 그 어떠한 부정적 기제도 부(-)적 영향력을 상실하게 되며 따라서 여전히 활발한 지식이전이 이루어지는 마이다스 효과가 나타남을 알 수 있다.
본 연구는 지식이전 심리모형을 제시함으로써 인간의 심리학적 차원과 지식이전 현상을 결부시킨 최초의 실증연구로서 다른 연구와 차별성을 가진다. 즉, 지식이전 실패의 원인규명과 지식이전 현상의 속성을 정확히 파악함으로써 이를 근거로 지식이전 현상을 설명하고자 하였으며, 이를 위한 접근방법으로 인간의 심리적 특성변수를 도출하고, 이를 실제 조직에서의 지식이전 현상과 결부시켜 실증연구를 통해 검증한 연구이다. 그리고 지식이전에서 발생할 수 있는 윤리적 문제를 함께 다룸으로써 인간이 윤리적 딜레마에 직면했을 때 어떠한 기준으로 지식이전 행위를 결정하게 되는지를 밝힘으로써 향후 조직에 중요한 관리지침을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 무엇보다 토착심리학에 근거한 한국적 지식이전 현상을 설명함으로써 문화 비교 연구의 발판을 마련하는 계기가 될 수 있을 것으로 보며, 이는 학문적 차원이나 실무적 차원에서 모두 큰 의의를 가진다고 할 수 있다.
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
Knowledge management has been rapidly and broadly progressed for enterprises to obtain and sustain their competitive advantage for the past years. Not many enterprises, however, have performed successful knowledge management activities despite many pr...
Knowledge management has been rapidly and broadly progressed for enterprises to obtain and sustain their competitive advantage for the past years. Not many enterprises, however, have performed successful knowledge management activities despite many preceding mechanism such as evaluation, reward, etc.(Ambrosio, 2000). Existing research has proposed the characteristics of knowledge, individual trust, shared culture, social background, reward system, and the characteristics of recipient and giver as the affecting factors on knowledge transfer. Most of the studies superficially suggest those factors which were observed in the knowledge transfer process, but do not investigate the fundamental cause-effect relation between those factors and knowledge transfer.
This research is to understand knowledge transfer in the organizations in the light of two perspectives. First, knowledge transfer arises from the relationship between the giver and recipient, two subjects of the activity, thus this study is based on the recognition of their relationship. Secondly, the object of the activity is “knowledge”, which is not externally revealed. Therefore, this study wishes to understand knowledge in terms of individual’s psychological property. Knowledge, in many parts, exists as tacit one, unable to objectify. Recipient cannot grasp the status of knowledge of the giver, nor objectively evaluate the transferred knowledge. Giver also can express and transfer knowledge in a different way as it exists according to his/her will. In this sense, giver’s psychological state and/or intention can affect the result of knowledge transfer significantly. In summary, the activity of knowledge transfer does not arise from reciprocal relation between recipient and giver, but most of the cases giver can control the amount and quality of the transferred knowledge. It is desirable that organizations should precisely understand the intention of the giver and establish knowledge transfer strategy based on the understanding on the long-term basis. For this, it is necessary to approach individuals’ various psychological factors, which can influence individual activities. This research, therefore, is to explore the relation between knowledge transfer and knowledge transfer ethics, self-interest, pure emotion and relational emotion in the light of the recognized relationship between recipient and giver, or we-ness, as major factor. The objectives of the study are as follows: First, do various individual psychological characteristics indeed affect knowledge transfer? Second, does the extent of knowledge transfer vary according to the giver’s perspective on the relation with the recipient? Third, what sorts of factors affect the knowledge transfer of individual facing ethical dilemma when ethical issue arises from the activity of knowledge transfer and what is the relation between the two?
To answer those questions, this research collects 573 data from 81 different organizations in 9 different areas which have adopted and managed KMS: public service such as Ministry of Information and Communication, Ministry of Culture & Tourism, Seoul Metropolitan Government, National Police Agency and so on, and private enterprises such as Samsung, LG, Hyundai, SK, Hanwha etc. 537 data except for abnormality out of was used for analysis. SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 5.0 were used for statistical analysis and hypothesis testing. Reliability and validity were verified and there was no risk of multi-collinearity. This research uses confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing in the two-level approaches of structural equation analysis, and executes Item Parceling to increase fitness. As a result, the fitness of the final model turns out to be TLI=0.938, CFI=0.943, RMSEA=0.050.
We-ness, knowledge transfer ethics, self-interest, and relational emotion have positively significant on the knowledge transfer(adopt hypothesis 1, 2, 3, 5). On the contrary, the influence of pure emotion on the knowledge transfer was rejected (reject hypothesis 4). In the sense that the cases of job-related knowledge of 386(67.4%) doubled those of the non-job related knowledge (187, 32.6%), why pure emotion was rejected can be explained that the members of organizations make decisions based on the rational mind-set which precisely tells subjectivity from objectivity. In this respect, it can be understood that the hypothesis 6 was adopted meaning relational emotion has more influences on knowledge transfer than pure emotion does.
Moderating variable interaction analysis shows the fitness of the model is overall suitable having TLI=0.902, CFI=0.925, RMSEA=0.071. The result of the hypothesis explains we-ness has negative moderating effect on the positive relation between knowledge transfer ethics, self-interest, relational emotion and knowledge transfer. Thus, H 2-1, 3-1, 5-1 were adopted. It can be known that once Korean close relationship like we-ness is established no other negative mechanism can wield negative influences on the knowledge transfer among the members of the organization, and that we-ness can have surprising effect enabling active knowledge transfer.
This research can have differentiation in the sense that it has the first empirical study which relates human psychological perspectives to knowledge transfer and propose a knowledge transfer psychological model. It investigates why knowledge transfer failed and what kinds of property knowledge transfer has, explains the phenomenon of knowledge transfer based on the above mentioned findings, derives various psychological factors, and further verifies these relating to the knowledge transfer phenomenon at the practices by an empirical study. It also gives a significant guideline to organizations by pointing out on what standards knowledge transfer will be decided when facing ethical dilemmas since it covers the ethical issues possibly arisen from the process of knowledge transfer. Last but not least, it explains the Korean type of knowledge transfer based on the indigenous psychology, which can be a ground for cultural comparative study and expected to be meaningful for both academic and practical levels.
목차 (Table of Contents)
참고문헌 (Reference)
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