대학생의 대인관계스트레스와 심리적안녕감의 관계에서 방어기제의 매개효과

부정민,강대옥,강은희 한국상담학회 2016 상담학연구 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study was to verify the mediating effect of defense mechanism in relationship between college students’ stress from interpersonal relationship and psychological well-being. To this end, this study conducted a survey on 312 college students from four universities located in Jeju-do in order to measure their stress from interpersonal relationship, psychological well-being, and defense mechanism. Using an SAS program, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis were conducted and Sobel Test was performed in order to verify the mediating effect. The main results of this study are as follows. First, immature defense mechanism (acting out, fantasy, and passive aggression), self-regulation defense mechanism(inhibition, reaction formation), conflict avoidance defense mechanism(resignation, isolation) had partial mediating effect in relationship between stress from interpersonal relationship(with the opposite sex, friends, family, and professors) and psychological well-being. Second, projection, which is an immature defense mechanism, had partial mediating effect in relationship between stress from relationship with the opposite sex, friends, and family and psychological well-being and had complete mediating effect in relationship between stress from relationship with professors and psychological well-being. Third, only humors among adaptive defense mechanism had partial mediating effect in relationship between stress from relationship with the opposite sex and family and psychological well-being. Lastly, the researcher discussed the suggestive points and limitations of this study and follow-up research. 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 대인관계스트레스와 심리적안녕감의 관계에서 방어기제의 매개효과를 검증해보는 것이었다. 이를 위해 제주도에 소재한 4개 대학교의 대학생 312명을 대상으로 대인관계스트레스, 심리적안녕감과 방어기제 척도를 실시하였다. 분석은 SAS프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 매개효과의 유의성을 검증하기 위해 Sobel test를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과는 첫째, 미성숙방어기제(행동화, 공상, 수동공격), 자기억제 방어기제(억제, 반동형성), 갈등회피 방어기제(체념, 격리)는 대인관계스트레스(이성, 친구, 가족 및 교수관계스트레스)와 심리적안녕감과의 관계에서 부분매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 미성숙 방어기제인 투사는 이성, 친구 및 가족관계스트레스와 심리적안녕감과의 관계에서 부분매개효과를, 교수관계스트레스와 심리적안녕감과의 관계에서는 완전매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 적응적 방어기제 중 유일하게 유머는 이성 및 가족관계스트레스와 심리적안녕감과의 관계에서 부분매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 시사점과 제한점 및 후속연구에 대해 논의하였다.

칼 융(Carl G. Jung)의 심리 기능에 대한 진화심리학적 관점의 해석

최태진 한국심리유형학회 2022 심리유형과 인간발달 Vol.23 No.2

This study began with questions about the ultimate causes of the four psychological functions(sensory perception, intuitive perception, thinking judgment, and emotional judgment) suggested by Carl Jung. To find answers to these questions, I adopted evolutionary psychology as the framework of analysis of four functions. Then, I basically accepted the evolutionary psychological assumption that psychological function is an evolved mind mechanism designed by natural selection. Some research problems to find answers from an evolutionary psychological point of view were as follows: First, to find out whether it is possible to interpret the four functions from an evolutionary point of view, I analyzed the evolutionary color that the attributes of the four functions contain. Second, I outlined the main perspectives and principles of evolutionary psychology about the mind, and the attributes of evolved psychology, which is a core concept. Third, I interpreted four psychological functions according to the perspective and research method of evolutionary psychology. These procedures were subdivided into sub-research content. 1) Common points of view between the four functions and the mind of evolutionary psychology were explored. 2) It was analyzed whether the four functions have the properties of the evolved psychological mechanism. 3) Through reverse-engineering and thinking experiments, it was verified whether the four functions can be said to be psychological mechanisms for adaptation and survival. 4) The reason for why the recognition and judgment functions evolved into a form of individual difference in a dichotomous manner was explored. To answer research problems, I used methods such as literature review, analysis, and thought experiments. Through the discussion, the meaning of the results according to the research questions was examined, and the limitations of the study, the direction of follow-up research, and implications were stated sequentially.

빅데이터 시대에서 대학생의 심리위기에 대한예방과 신속대응 체계에 대한 고찰

장진판 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.5

A Study on the Prevention and Rapid Response Systemof University Students’ Psychological Crisisin the Psychological CrisisJinfan Zhang Abstract: This study aims to provide a new perspective on the psychological crisis prevention and rapid response mechanism by fully analyzing the student's dynamic information by efficiently operating the database among the psychological crisis prevention and rapid response mechanisms. In this study, 1,299 students from universities affiliated with cities in northern China were studied, and three samples of 399, 122, and 778 were studied, respectively. The correlation between scores and total scores of each factor, such as campus health running, academic performance, home economic situation, and psychological health, which are the most basic three data among college student data, was examined. SCL-90 was used as a mental health level evaluation tool, and the correlation between scores and total scores of each factor such as campus health running, academic performance, home economy situation, and psychological health, which are the three most basic data among college student data, was examined. Based on these three indicators, it was intended to complete the review of the psychological crisis prevention and rapid response system for college students in the era of big data. The work of the psychological crisis prevention system in the big data era was identified in detail, and the establishment of student information big data could be strengthened. In addition, a multidimensional psychological crisis rapid response system was established and big data technology was proposed. Key Words: Big Data, University Students, Psychological Crisis Prevention, Rapid Response, Mechanism 빅데이터 시대에서 대학생의 심리위기에 대한예방과 신속대응 체계에 대한 고찰장 진 판* 연구 목적: 심리위기방지 및 신속대응 메커니즘 중 어떻게 효율적으로 데이터베이스를 운용하여 학생의 동태정보를 충분히 분석하여 심리위기방지 및 신속대응 메커니즘에 새로운 관점을 제공한다. 연구 방법: 중국 북방의 모 성 소재지에 있는시 소속 대학생 1,299명을 연구대상으로 하였으며 각각 399, 122, 778의 3개 표본으로 하였다. 가장 기본적인 세 가지 데이터인 캠퍼스 건강달리기, 학업성적, 가정경제상황, 심리건강 등 각 요소의 점수와 총점 간의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 연구 내용: SCL-90을 정신건강 수준의 평가 도구로 사용하였고, 세 가지 지표를 바탕으로 빅데이터 시대 대학생의 심리적 위기 예방 및 신속 대응 시스템 고찰을 완료하고자 하였다. 결론 및 제언: 빅데이터 시대의 심리위기 방범 체계 중의 업무를 상세히 규명하였고 학생정보 빅데이터 구축하는 강화할 수 있었다. 그리고 다차원적 심리위기 신속대응체제 구축하였고 빅데이터 기술 활용 등을 제안하였다. 핵심어: 빅데이터, 대학생, 심리위기예방, 신속반응, 메커니즘 □ 접수일: 2022년 8월 31일, 수정일: 2022년 9월 27일, 게재확정일: 2022년 10월 20일* 동방문화대학원대학교 문화예술콘테츠학과 박사과정(Doctoral Course, Dongbang Culture Univ., Email: vicky_0229@naver.com)

직업재해 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 환자들이 경험하는 심리적 어려움과 대처방식에 대한 개념도 연구

이미나(Mi-Na Lee),장은진(Eun-Jin Chang),이미영(Mi-Young Lee) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2018 사회과학연구 Vol.29 No.2

This study implemented a concept mapping method based on the statements from patients (N = 8) who experienced PTSD after an occupational hazard, and identified the coping mechanisms and psychological difficulties experienced by occupational PTSD patients. This study resulted in 97 core statements for the psychological difficulties of occupational hazard PTSD patients and 31 for coping mechanisms. Using multidimensional modeling and hierarchical cluster analyses, concept maps about core statements were developed. Consequently, this study reasoned that the psychological difficulties of PTSD patients consist of a two-dimension graph with two axis: interactive and one-way factors and expressive and subconscious factors. In addition, the psychological difficulties of PTSD patients were classified as 4 communities: the maladaptivity reaction for uncontrolled situations; the negative change in cognition and emotion by traumatic events and intrusive thoughts about traumatic events; physical·psychological·social, and·economic instability; and the difficulty to adapt to a change in psychological and social function. The coping mechanisms of occupational hazard PTSD patients consisted of two dimensions, which has two axis: eclectic and alternative factors, and active and passive factors. In addition, the coping mechanisms of occupational hazard PTSD patients were classified into4 communities: silence and․ self-centered treatment, controllable limited treatment, treatment through cognitive efforts and a change, and except for traumatic events, treatment using social and psychological resources. This study showed its significance by revealing the conceptual frame, which has been researched very little, regarding the psychological difficulties and coping mechanisms for patients who experienced PTSD after occupational hazards and by examining the subject’s special characteristics from the position of participants in this study using a qualitative research method.

문학의 시대와 문학 문식성

김중신 ( Kim Jungsin ),유미향 ( Yu Mihyang ) 한국문학교육학회 2016 문학교육학 Vol.0 No.53

2016년 봄은 인공 지능 알파고의 등장으로, 인간의 능력과 한계를 따져 묻는 시기였다. 문학이 위기인 시대를 지나 문학의 주체인 인간의 능력에 대한 회의가 제기되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 인공 지능이 간파하지 못한 인간의 심리적 기제(psychological mechanism)에 주목하여, `인간의 이중적 속성`을 활용한 문학적 향유 방식에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 이 연구는 C. S. 루이스의 저서에 등장하는 `적당히 나쁜 사람(MBP moderately bad person)`이라는 개념을 토대로, `적당히 좋은 사람 (MGP moderately good person)`이라는 상대적 개념을 구상하였고, 이를 근거로 인간의 이중적 속성에 대해 설명하고자 하였다. 독자는 텍스트를 감상하면서 작품 속에 등장하는 인물의 행동이나 대사를 통해 자연스럽게 심리적 체험을 한다. 이것이 인간 스스로가 주체가 되는 문학 향유이며, 문학 문식성이라고 할 수 있다. 인간이 지닌 이중적 속성은 문학 텍스트를 감상하면서 자연스럽게 드러나는 것으로, 독자가 어떻게 체험적 평형 상태를 유지하는지에 대해 몇 가지 사례를 통해 살펴보았다. 인간의 이중적 심성은 문학 작품뿐만 아니라 일상적 담화에서도 잘 드러난다. 우리가 흔히 알고 있는 생활적 격언이나 SNS, 미담 등이 정서적 감흥을 주는 것은 `적당히 나쁜 사람`과 `적당히 좋은 사람`이 서로 평형축을 이루며 작동하기 때문이다. 겉으로 드러나지 않는 인간의 심리적 기제는 인간 행동의 비합리성, 비윤리성을 설명하는데 유효하다. We were shocked at the victory of the artificial intelligent, AlphaGo(by Google Deepmind) last spring, some people went so far as to say that human beings had reached its limits. There, still, are the big gap that remained between science technology development and human nature, even though the artificial intelligence outstrips itself more than now. It was missed `a conflicting attribute of humans` in developing science technology. The human has empirical equilibrium as the psychological mechanism. we focused on the concept of “Moderately Bad Person(MBP)” written by C. S. Louis used those words as explaining a human nature being in conflict with good and evil. Based on MBP, we devised a new concept; that is “Moderately Good Person(MGP)”. People have aimed to live as a average person, their minds have been in psychological conflict between MGP and MBP. We named these psychological mechanisms as the empirical equilibrium. When the reader can be called student appreciated literature work, they experienced the empirical equilibrium according to the actions or dialogue of characters. If we met a bad character, the reader`s mind became the MGP. The reader evaluated that character as being in MBP`s situation, and the vice versa. Thereby putting the psychological mechanism to practical use in his mind, the reader work appreciation and enjoys literature. It can be discovered the concept of “Literature Literacy” through that internalization in Literature Education. We argued that human beings had the conflicting attributes, good and evil, and people experienced those psychological mechanisms through reading the literature. We investigated that people perceived their minds to keep a pair of scales between MBP and MGP by reading not only literature but also daily text. Although the principle of balance can be found in everyday life discourse such as SNS, small talk, proverbs etc, there are two horizontal axes, MGP and MBP unceasingly performed in human beings. It is valid for explaining the way of immorality and irrationality that can be discovered within human activities. Above all, we insist that the psychological mechanism is proposed to have an important role in Literature Literacy and so far as using those mechanisms, we, still, live in Literature epoch.

뒷담화의 심리적 동기에 대한 이론적 고찰 : 욕구와 방어기제를 중심으로

이말순,박성옥 大田大學校 社會科學硏究所 2020 社會科學論文集 Vol.- No.-

This study conducted a theoretical study on the psychological motivation of back talk. Back-talking in Korean society provides a foundation for interpersonal relationships and a clue to conflict. In line with Korea's socio-cultural characteristics, most people recognize the problem of talking behind the scenes, but it is hard to stop. As in-depth psychological analysis was needed on why people talked behind the scenes, the theoretical consideration was focused on the desire for the backtalk and the theory of defense mechanism. The study found that back-talking was a desire for interpersonal relationships and was a psychological adaptation that was used as a defense mechanism such as projection and manual attacks. Based on this research data, we expect that the motives for back-talking will converge into psychological concepts and will be of practical help to the therapeutic approach at the counseling clinical site as well as to recognize social problems. Finally, the limitations of the research were discussed and the future direction of the research was discussed.

인간 본성의 진화: 진화심리학의 이해

류지한 한국윤리학회 2010 倫理硏究 Vol.77 No.1

Evolutionary psychology attempts to give scientific explanations of human nature beyond the limits of standard social science model and sociobiology. To achieve this goal, evolutionary psychology combines the computationalism of the cognitive revolution with the adaptationism of the modern evolutionary biology. That is, evolutionary psychology combines the recognition that the human brain and mind are the system of information processing from the computationalism with the point of view that such system is the evolutionary adaptations from the adaptationism. Therefore according to the evolutionary psychology, the human mind is the set of the psychological mechanisms evolved to process the informations about survival and reproduction. Evolutionary psychology is the scientific project of mapping out evolved psychological mechanisms. The human mind were designed by natural selection to solve the adaptive problems regularly faced by our hunter-gatherer ancestors in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness(EEA). Because there were the great number of the adaptive problems in EEA and the problems were are very different and problem-specific, the human mind is composed of a crowed network of the many, different evolved psychological mechanisms which is functionally specialized and problem-specific. And the evolved psychological mechanisms is universal, crediblly developing, and equipped with the innate knowledge which reflects the world. 진화심리학은 표준사회과학모델과 사회생물학의 한계를 넘어서 인간 본성에 대한 과학적인 설명을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 진화심리학은 인지혁명의 계산주의와 진화생물학의 적응주의를 결합시킨다. 진화심리학은 계산주의로부터 인간의 뇌와 마음을 일종의 정보처리 체계로 보는 인식을 수용하고, 적응주의로부터 그와 같은 정보처리 체계가 진화적 적응이라는 견해를 받아들인다. 따라서 진화심리학은 인간의 마음을 정보를 처리하기 위하여 진화된 심리적 메커니즘으로 이해한다. 즉, 진화심리학은 보편적 인간 본성을 구성하고 있는 ‘진화된 심리적 메커니즘’을 상세히 그려내는 과학적 프로젝트이다. 진화심리학에서 마음은 우리의 수렵-채집인 조상들이 진화적 적응의 환경(EEA)에서 반복적으로 직면했던 적응적 문제들을 해결하기 위해서 자연 선택에 의해서 설계된 것이다. EEA에서 우리 조상들이 직면했던 적응적 문제는 매우 다양하고 특수하기 때문에 우리의 마음은 다양하고 특수한 적응적 문제들을 해결하는 데 알맞도록 기능적으로 전문화되고, 문제-특수적인, 다수의, 진화된 심리적 메커니즘들의 복잡한 네트워크로 구성되어 있다. 또한 마음을 구성하는 진화된 심리적 메커니즘은 세계에 대한 생득적 지식을 지니고 있으며, 환경의 방해로부터 비교적 안정적으로 발달하고, 모든 인류가 공유하는 보편적인 메커니즘이다.

Preliminary Study on Women's Writing Therapy from the Perspective of Evolutionary Psychology

홍단비 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2018 Journal of Humanities Therapy Vol.9 No.2

This study aims to suggest a methodology of female writing therapy by examining the evolutionary psychological mechanism inherent in human language and art activities, the personality and behavioral tendencies of women, and the linguistic characteristics of female writing, focusing on evolutionary psychology. The results of the discussion are as follows. First, human language has evolved based on the evolving psychological mechanism of 'cooperation' and 'unity', through which human has acquired the additional psychological effect. Second, human art has evolved based on the evolving psychological mechanism of 'show off' and 'imagine', through which human has got psychological effect. Third, women's empathic ability and self-openness have been evolved, and sociability, affinity, extroversion, sensitivity, and sensitivity have been developed. Fourth, women's writing has been interpreted as resistance and liberation to male. The result of the above discussion is applied to the 4 steps of writing therapy.

진화심리학의 이론적 토대와 쟁점들

전중환 한국심리학회 2010 한국심리학회지 일반 Vol.29 No.4

지난 이십여 년 동안 진화심리학은 빠르게 발전을 거듭하면서 인간의 마음을 연구하는 새로운 흐름으로서 전세계 심리학계에서 크게 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 진화심리학을 전공한 학자가 매우 부족한 국내의 실정상, 진화심리학에 대한 오해나 선입견이 심리학자들 사이에도 종종 발견된다. 본 논문은 국내 심리학자들의 눈높이에 맞추어 진화심리학의 이론적 토대를 명확히 설명하고 진화심리학에 대한 흔한 오해들을 바로잡고자 한다. 먼저, 마음의 적응적 설계를 규명하고자 하는 진화심리학은 모든 심리현상에 적용 가능한 이론적 틀을 제공함을 설명한다. 다음으로 1) 진화심리학은 경험적으로 반증불가능하다는 오해, 2) 진화심리학은 유전자 결정론이라는 오해, 3) 인간 행동은 생물학적 진화보다는 학습에 의해 더 잘 설명된다는 오해, 4) 집단 간의 차이는 생물학이 아니라 문화로 설명된다는 오해 등을 논의한다. 결론적으로, 진화적 시각은 단편적인 사실들을 매끄럽게 통합해 설명해 줄 뿐만 아니라, 미지의 사실들에 대한 신빙성 있는 예측을 제공해주는 유용한 도구임을 강조한다. For the past two decades, evolutionary psychology has rapidly developed as a novel theoretical perspective that studies the human mind and behavior, thus gaining much attention from psychologists working worldwide. Unfortunately, Korea has few psychologists specialized in evolutionary psychology, which often results in a number of misunderstandings or prejudices of evolutionary psychology among mainstream psychologists. To overcome this difficulty, I hereby attempt to clarify the theoretical foundations of evolutionary psychology and to redress the common misunderstandings about it. Evolutionary psychology aims to elucidate the adaptive design of the human mind and hence provides the organizing theoretical framework that can be utilized to study any psychological phenomena. I then discuss four common misunderstandings of evolutionary psychology: 1) evolutionary psychology is empirically unfalsifiable, 2) evolutionary psychology is a form of genetic determinism, 3) human behavior stems from learning, rather than from biological evolution, and 4) between-group differences are best explained by culture, rather than biological evolution. I conclude that the evolutionary perspective not only unify scattered findings within a coherent explanation, but also provides a heuristic guide to unknown facts.

An Empirical Study on the Market Decision-Making ㅡ Mechanism of Chinese Peasant Consumers

Jun-yi Ren 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Consumers from all walks of life may show different purchasing orientations. Decision-making mechanism is utilized to analyze consumption psychology of Chinese peasant consumers, their purchase behaviours and product cognition etc. This orientation has the role of psychological compulsion that consumer may not be aware when they make the purchase decision, while the role of psychological compulsion essentially dominates their decisions. To analyze psychological orientation and decision-making mechanism utilizing factor analysis, cluster analysis, and consumption psychology. Meanwhile, when income reaches some degree, income doesn’t have obvious effect on the decision-making mechanism of peasants’ purchase on durable goods, the category of consumer style depends on the “individual” factor of peasants’ consumption psychology.