Comparison of treatment options in meniere's disease

Eshita, Ishrat Rafique Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2019 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.5 No.5

Meniere's disease (MD) is a disease that affects the inner ear. It is formed as a result of endolymphatic hydrops. Hearing loss and vertigo are important in the diagnosis of MD. There is fluctuating and progressive hearing loss. Vertigo attacks cause severe dizziness in the patient. There are many treatment options in MD. These are hearing aid, diet, medication and surgery. In this study, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different treatment options. Treatment options have been compared to find out what the appropriate treatment is. Another concern is the importance of surgery in MD. This study is combination of qualitative and quantitative studies. Much focus will be on vertigo, and appropriate treatment options of MD will be mentioned also the importance of surgery. The main question in this study is the necessity of surgery. Surgical procedures are the most doubtful treatment option because of their indications and contraindications. In this study, it has been noticed that surgical operation should be delayed as much as possible. Priority is to try other treatment options. Surgery can be considered as a last resort. When we look at the operations performed, operations are mostly done in advanced Meniere cases.

Inter-rater agreement among shoulder surgeons on treatment options for proximal humeral fractures among shoulder surgeons

Hyojune Kim,Si-Jung Song,In-Ho Jeon,Kyoung Hwan Koh 대한견주관절학회 2022 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Background: The treatment approach for proximal humeral fractures is determined by various factors, including patient age, sex, dominant arm, fracture pattern, presence of osteoporosis, preexisting arthritis, rotator cuff status, and medical comorbidities. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the optimal treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures. This study aimed to assess and quantify the decision-making process for either conservative or surgical treatment and the choice of surgical method among shoulder surgeons when treating proximal humeral fractures. Methods: Forty sets of true anteroposterior view, scapular Y projection view, and three-dimensional computed tomograms of proximal humeral fractures were provided to 12 shoulder surgeons along with clinical information. Surveys regarding Neer classification, decisions between conservative and surgical treatments, and chosen methods were conducted twice with an interval of 2 months. The factors affecting the treatment plans were also assessed. Results: The inter-rater agreement was fair for Neer classification (kappa=0.395), moderate for the decision between conservative and surgical treatments (kappa=0.528), and substantial for the chosen method of surgical treatment (kappa=0.740). The percentage of agreement was 71.1% for Neer classification, 84.6% for the decision between conservative and surgical treatment, and 96.4% for the chosen method of surgical treatment. The fracture pattern was the most crucial factor in deciding between conservative and surgical treatments, followed by age and physical activity. Conclusions: The decision between conservative and surgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures showed good agreement, while the chosen method between osteosynthesis and arthroplasty showed substantial agreement among shoulder surgeons.

Treatments of Infra-Orbital Dark Circles by Various Etiologies

( Kui Young Park ),( Hyun Jung Kwon ),( Choon Shik Youn ),( Seong Jun Seo ),( Myeong Nam Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2018 Annals of Dermatology Vol.30 No.5

Dark circles refer to visible darkness of the infra-orbital areas. Dark circles are a cosmetic concern for many individuals, although not a medical concern. Moreover, clear definitions and possible causes of dark circles have not been elucidated. This study reviews the possible causes and treatment options for dark circles based on a review of the medical literature and the authors’ clinical experience. Potential factors that contribute to dark circles include excessive pigmentation, shadowing due to tear troughs and infra-orbital fat herniation, shadowing due to infraorbital laxity and wrinkles, and thin, translucent skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle. Given the different possible causes for dark circles, therapeutic modalities must be individualized for each patient. Because various factors cause dark circles, it is useful to identify the underlying causes in order to select the appropriate treatment. (Ann Dermatol 30(5) 522∼528, 2018)

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Control Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of OLNP-05 Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Subjects with Premature Ejaculation

Sanjib Kumar Panda,Somashekara Nirvanashetty,Vivek A. Parachur,Nilima Mohanty 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.9

Premature ejaculation (PE) is one of the foremost sex-related health problems among men. The global occurrence ranges from 20% to 30%, according to various studies. PE has a great impact on the men's quality of life, with deleterious effects such as embarrassment, frustration, and feeling of incompetence. Considering the necessity of treatment of PE, this study was planned to compare the efficacy and safety of OLNP-05 versus placebo for treating subjects suffering from PE. In this randomized clinical study, 60 men with PE were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either OLNP-05 or placebo one capsule twice daily for a period of 8 weeks. Subjects were evaluated during visits on day 1, day 28, and day 56. Mean change from baseline in intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), improvement in premature ejaculation profile (PEP), and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement scale (CGI-I) were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. P-value <.05 was considered significant. At the end of the treatment, the improvement in IELT score in the OLNP-05 group was remarkably higher than the placebo. Subjects in the OLNP-05 treatment group also reported significantly greater improvement in PEP subscale score. Majority of OLNP-05-treated subjects were found to be in the “much improved” category as per CGI-I assessment. The result confirms the safety and efficacy of OLNP-05, therefore suggesting that OLNP-05 may be a safe and effective intervention for the management of PE.

Application of genetically engineered Salmonella typhimurium for interferon-gamma-induced therapy against melanoma

Yoon, W.,Park, Y.C.,Kim, J.,Chae, Y.S.,Byeon, J.H.,Min, S.H.,Park, S.,Yoo, Y.,Park, Y.K.,Kim, B.M. Pergamon Press 2017 European journal of cancer Vol.70 No.-

Salmonella have been experimentally used as anti-cancer agents, because they show selective growth in tumours. In this study, we genetically modified attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to express and secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) as a tumouricidal agent to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Salmonella. IFN-γ was fused to the N-terminal region (residues 1-160) of SipB (SipB160) for secretion from bacterial cells. Attenuated S. typhimurium expressing recombinant IFN-γ (S. typhimurium (IFN-γ)) invaded the melanoma cells and induced cytotoxicity. Subcutaneous administration of S. typhimurium (IFN-γ) also efficiently inhibited tumour growth and prolonged the survival of C57BL/6 mice bearing B16F10 melanoma compared with administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), unmodified S. typhimurium or S. typhimurium expressing empty vector (S. typhimurium [Vec]) in a natural killer (NK) cell-dependent manner. Moreover, genetically modified Salmonella, including S. typhimurium (IFN-γ), showed little toxicity to normal tissues with no observable adverse effects. However, S. typhimurium (IFN-γ)-mediated tumour suppression was attributed to direct killing of tumour cells rather than to stable anti-tumour immunity. Collectively, these results suggest that tumour-targeted therapy using S. typhimurium (IFN-γ) has potential for melanoma treatment.

주관적 이명의 재활 방법

김동창,신진배,이경주,진인기 한국청각언어재활학회 2017 Audiology and Speech Research Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide information about rehabilitation options for subjective tinnitus. While there are several clear treatment options for objective tinnitus, there is no clear treatment option for subjective tinnitus. Although many researchers and clinicians have suggested various rehabilitation options for subjective tinnitus, it is still difficult to determine which rehabilitation options are proper because types of subjective tinnitus vary across patients. Methods: While there are several clear treatment options for objective tinnitus, there is no clear treatment option for subjective tinnitus. Although many researchers and clinicians have suggested various rehabilitation options for subjective tinnitus, it is still difficult to determine which rehabilitation options are proper because types of subjective tinnitus vary across patients. Results: Researchers have suggested several rehabilitation options to reduce effects of tinnitus such as depression, stress, and disturbed sleep. Rehabilitation options for subjective tinnitus are counseling, sound therapy, tinnitus retraining therapy, neuromonics, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral treatment, and mindfulness therapy. Conclusion: This paper will provide useful information about various rehabilitation options for subjective tinnitus which can be applicable in clinics.

The Effect of Non-Payment, Optional Treatment, and Hospitalization Decision on the Payment of Medical Expenses

김유나,이현지,김재현 융합연구학회 2022 융합연구학회지 Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for related policies by analyzing the relationship between the non-payment, optional treatment, hospitalization decision, and the payment of medical expenses. A total of 7,317 inpatients were selected as the final subjects using the 2011-2015 data of the Korea Medical Panel. It was analyzed using the chi-square test and the generalized estimating equation (GEE), and the demographic variables affecting payment of medical expenses and use of medical treatment variables were included as the correction variables. As a result of the analysis performed, compared to the inpatients with non-payment expenditures less than 250,000 won, 250,000 won to 500,000 won (OR: 1.19 95% CI: 1.01-1.39, P-value: 0.0319), 500,000 won to less than 1 million won (OR: 1.75 95% CI: 1.46-2.09, P-value: <.0001), over 1 million won (OR: 1.58 95% CI: 1.27-1.96, P-value: <.0001), there was a burden on the expenditure of medical expenses. Furthermore, while there was no recommendation for optional treatment, the inpatients who received optional treatment had a higher payment of medical expenses compared to the inpatients who did not (OR: 1.20 95% CI: 1.00-1.45, P-value: 0.0490). The patients who decided to be hospitalized had a higher payment of medical expenses than those who decided to be hospitalized by themselves (OR: 1.14 95% CI: 1.03-1.27, P-value: 0.0149). As a result of this study, the non-payment, optional treatment, and the hospitalization decision had an effect on the payment of medical expenses. Optional treatment was closed after 2018, but the payment of medical expenses due to the non-payment and the hospitalization decisions still exists, and hence, there is a need for the policy improvement to reduce them.

A comparative study of Watson for Oncology and tumor boards in breast cancer treatment

Dohoon Kim,Yun Young Kim,Joon-Hyop Lee,Yoo Seung Chung,Sangtae Choi,강진모,Heung Kyu Park,Yong Soon Chun 대한종양외과학회 2019 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: Watson for Oncology (WFO) is a computing system for considering treatment option with patients. The aim of this study is to determine the concordance rate of WFO and tumor board in treatment options of breast cancer. Methods: One hundred and seventy breast cancer patients who were treated at Gachon University Gil Medical Center (GMC) from December 2016 to March 2018 were investigated. “Concordance” is defined that treatment provided by GMC tumor board and WFO-provided treatments (Recommend or For Consideration) were coincide. “Discordance” is defined that treatment provided by GMC tumor board and WFO-provided treatments (Not Recommended or Not Available) were coincide. Results: In chemotherapy, of the total 170 patients, 23 patients were excluded, and the concordance rate was compared in 147 patients. Concordance rate was 93% (136/147). In the 11 patients who were discordant, seven patients complied with the treatment proposed by GMC tumor board due to insurance problems and age, and two patients did not follow the treatment proposed by WFO due to pregnancy and patient’s choice, and one patient chose a treatment determined by WFO, last one patient was not treated with chemotherapy because it was not considered to be clinically necessary. In radiotherapy, the overall agreement rate was as high as 99% (147/148). Conclusion: Through this study, we found that many of the treatment proposals provided by WFO are highly reliable. Although the overall agreement is high in the radiotherapy regimen, the indication for radiotherapy by WFO is more aggressive and hypofractionated high dose intensity radiotherapy is growing trend by WFO.

벤처기업의 주식매수선택권에 관한 고찰 - 미국의 과세제도를 중심으로 -

안은정 서울시립대학교 서울시립대학교 법학연구소 2015 조세와 법 Vol.8 No.1

A stock option was institutionalized in 1997 so as to match the interests of executives and employees with those of shareholders and so as to secure competent personnel. And venture companies are supported with tax benefits by stipulating special treatment in taxation for stock option as a part of policy on nurturing the venture companies in particular. However, though the provisions of related tax laws are continuously complemented and revised, the actual condition is that stock option is meagerly utilized by the venture companies. And it is necessary to examine an additional improvement plan for effective system. In the United States, the stock option system has been put in operation since quite a long time ago. And legal discussion about that has been considerably accumulated. So, the taxation system regarding the stock option gives us ample insights. Therefore, this study examined taxation at stock option in the U.S. for the purpose of showing a problem with taxation at stock option in Korea, especially, the stock option of venture company and an improvement plan. With regard to methods of increasing the corporate competitiveness of venture company, so that stock option is actively introduced and is widely utilized, the simplification of procedure for giving the stock option, taxation according to income type, deduction time for compensation expenses, and the like should be reexamined. And systems should be improved regarding the easing of excessive regulations, allowing the granting of various stock option types, and reasonable tax benefit about exercise price, and so on. 주식매수선택권은 임직원과 주주의 이해관계를 일치시키고 유능한 인력을 확보한다는 목적으로 1997년에 제도화되었으며, 특히 벤처기업의 육성정책의 일환으로 주식매수선택권에 대한 과세특례를 규정하여 세제 지원을 하고 있다. 그러나 관련 세법의 규정이 지속적으로 보완되고 개정되고 있음에도 불구하고, 벤처기업의 주식매수선택권에 대한 활용도는 여전히 미미한 실정이며, 실효성 있는 제도를 위해서는 추가적인 개선안에 대한 검토가 필요하다. 미국의 경우 주식매수선택권 제도가 상당히 오래 전부터 시행되어 왔으며 그에 관한 법적 논의가 상당히 집적되어 있어 주식매수선택권에 대한 과세제도는 우리에게 시사점이 크다. 따라서 본 연구는 우리나라 주식매수선택권, 특히 벤처기업의 주식매수선택권에 대한 과세상 문제점과 그 개선방안을 제시할 목적으로 미국의 주식매수선택권에 대한 과세를 검토하였다. 벤처기업에게 기업경쟁력을 높이기 위한 방법으로 주식매수선택권이 적극적으로 도입되고 폭넓게 활용되기 위해서는 부여절차의 간소화, 소득유형별 과세, 발행보상비용의 손금산입 시기 등에 대한 재검토와 과다한 규제의 완화, 다양한 주식매수선택권의 허용, 행사가격의 합리적인 과세혜택 등에 대한 제도개선이 이루어 져야 할 것이다.

Strategic Study on Various Optional Treatment Processes for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel

Hun-Suk Im,Hong Jang,Hyo-On Nam,Won-Il Ko,Yong Zun Cho 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.2

As an alternative technology for the efficient disposal of spent nuclear fuel, various process flows can be selected based on the recovered and separated radioactive nuclide group. This is to examine the efficiency of the disposal area of spent nuclear fuel when various disposal technologies and several treatment processes are applied to spent nuclear fuel, compared to the deep geological disposal of burying the entire spent fuel in the ground. Above all, the biggest advantage of the optional treatment processes is that it can be applied to various disposal methods (deep borehole disposal, deep geological disposal) because it can process spent fuel in various sizes and separate into some groups according to the properties of radionuclides. These optional processes are not new technology and currently available as of today, and the level is classified based on the stepwise separation of high heat emission nuclides and long half-life nuclides. This is to increase the efficiency of the disposal of spent nuclear fuel by separating and managing high-risk radionuclides separately. Relatively various optional processes are possible depending on the level, and characteristic analysis is performed on wastes treated with alternative technologies. The mass balance for each option process is completed, and the amount of waste is also calculated accordingly. These are used as basic data for waste disposal area and economic evaluation. Besides it is easy to process spent fuel of various sizes suitable for deep geological disposal or deep borehole disposal technology when an optional treatment technology is applied to spent fuel. However, since this selective process is based on the process structure constructed in a broad framework, it is considered that additional follow-up studies are needed not only on detailed technology but also on the flow and amount of waste.